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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergistic effects of adrenaline and mepyramine on the anaphylactic reactions of the bronchi and pulmonary vessels in the guinea pig heart-lung-preparation (1970)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 267 (1970), S. 224-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Anaphylaxis ; Histamine ; Antihistaminics ; Cateoholamines ; Pulmonary Circulation ; Bronchospasm ; Anaphylaxie ; Histamin ; Antihistaminica ; Katecholamine ; Lungenkreislauf ; Bronchospasmus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In the guinea pig heart-lung-preparation (HLP) anaphylactic bronchospasm was not greatly affected by mepyramine (2–40 μg/ml blood), adrenaline (0.1 and 1 μg/ml), noradrenaline (0.1 μg/ml) or papaverine (100 μg/ml) but was completely abolished by combining mepyramine with the lower dose of adrenaline. A partial antagonism was achieved by the combined action of mepyramine and papaverine which became complete when adrenaline was added. 2. Bronchospasm due to histamine was completely prevented by mepyramine, but only partially antagonized by both adrenaline doses used. 3. The increase of pulmonary vascular resistance in anaphylaxis was not inhibited by the highest tolerated amounts of mepyramine or papaverine, no matter whether the drugs were given alone or in combination. Adrenaline, in contrast to noradrenaline, was partially effective at the lower dose (0.1 μg/ml). The higher concentration did not act more strongly. It became fully effective when mepyramine was added either alone or combined with papaverine. 4. The increase of pulmonary vascular resistance induced by histamine was strongly and significantly antagonized by mepyramine alone as well as by the lower concentration of adrenaline (0.1 μg/ml). Noradrenaline had no significant effect in either amount given (0.1 and 1 μg/ml). 5. Antigen increased heart rate in sensitized HLPs, probably due to histamine release. This effect was resistant to mepyramine. 6. The present findings are discussed a) with respect to the refractoriness of the anaphylactic bronchospasm to mepyramine, an effect displayed in isolated lung preparations but not in intact animals. b) with respect to the mechanism of the so-called protracted shock which is mainly due to heart failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00997094
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of prostaglandins, a prostaglandin metabolite, slow-reacting substance and histamine from anaphylactic lungs, and its modification by catecholamines (1974)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 284 (1974), S. 279-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Anaphylaxis ; Catecholamines ; Prostaglandins ; Slow-Reacting Substance ; Histamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In sensitized perfused guinea pig lungs antigen (ovalbumin) released prostaglandins (Pgs) F2α and E2, slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), and histamine. Furthermore, high amounts of the metabolite 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PgF2α were found. Accordingly, perfusion of nonsensitized lungs with PgF2α and E2 resulted in extensive destruction of both substances. Simultaneously with the mediator release, very intense bronchospasm and pulmonary vascular constriction occurred. Administration of histamine in nonsensitized lungs resulted in Pg release. Isoproterenol as well as adrenaline prevented the anaphylactic mediator release, and concemitantly inhibited the spastic effects in the lungs. Propranolol reversed these actions of the catecholamines. Also indomethacin abolished the prostaglandin release, but increased the liberation of SRS-A. The findings are discussed in view of the contraregulatory function of adrenaline in anaphylaxis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500347
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concerning the nature of the histamine-antagonistic effect of adrenaline in the pulmonary circulation (1972)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 272 (1972), S. 325-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Pulmonary Circulation ; Histamine ; Catecholamines ; Adrenergic Blocking Agents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In guinea pig heart-lung-preparations histamine provoked an increase of the pulmonary vascular resistance with corresponding increase of the pulmonary artery pressure. Administration of adrenaline prior to histamine prevented the histamine effect completely. Isoproterenol acted like adrenaline, noradrenaline was ineffective. Adrenaline by its own had no relaxing effect on the pulmonary vessels but even increased the vascular resistance. In contrast, isoproterenol decreased the vascular resistance. The β-blocking agent propranolol prevented the histamine-antagonistic adrenaline and isoproterenol effect, and increased the histamine effect on the pulmonary vessels. The α-blocking drug dibenamine did not inhibit the antispastic effect of adrenaline nor the spastic effect of histamine. The increase of the pulmonary vascular resistance provoked by adrenaline was enhanced by propranolol and abolished by dibenamine. The decrease of the resistance provoked by isoproterenol was blocked by propranolol. According to these observations, adrenaline antagonizes the spastic histamine effect on the pulmonary vessels by a mechanism involving stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors. The concurrent increasing effect of adrenaline on the vascular resistance is presumably due to α-adrenergic stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499043
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of histamine and catecholamines in anaphylatoxin shock as compared to the anaphylactic shock (1970)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 266 (1970), S. 208-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Anaphylatoxin ; Anaphylaxis ; Histamine ; Catecholamines ; β-Adrenergic Blockade ; Anaphylatoxin ; Anaphylaxie ; Histamin ; Katechol amine ; β-adrenergische Blockade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In the heart lung preparation (HLP) of the guinea pig 2.5 ml rat serum anaphylatoxin (AT) released approximately ten times less histamine than was released by 5 mg ovalbumin in the sensitized HLP. In intact animals the plasma histamine increase caused by 5 ml/kg AT was not significantly different from that caused by 10 mg/kg ovalbumin. It is supposed that in AT shock extrapulmonary sources contribute to plasma histamine more than in anaphylactic shock. 2. Mepyramine maleate (40 μg/ml blood) did not significantly reduce the bronchospasm caused by AT in HLP except when a very high AT dose (0.3 ml/ml) was given. In the intact animal, mepyramine lowered the AT-induced bronchospasm by 50–65%. This effect of mepyramine is completely abolished byβ-adrenoceptive receptor blockade. 3. It is concluded that the prevalence of histamine effects in AT shock in vivo, as documented by the life saving effect of antihistamines, is due to 2 facts: influx of histamine from the organs other than the lung, and preferential antagonism by catecholamines of such shock mechanisms which are not based on histamine release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00997283
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prostaglandin, slow-reacting substance, and histamine release from anaphylactic guinea-pig hearts, and its pharmacological modification (1975)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 289 (1975), S. 65-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Prostaglandins ; Slow-Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis ; Histamine ; Cardiac Anaphylaxis ; Isoproterenol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Prostaglandins (Pgs), slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), and histamine were released from anaphylactic isolated perfused guinea pig hearts. Pgs were to the greatest part of the F2α-type. PgE2 was found in traces only. Neither PgA2, nor the metabolites 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PgF2α and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PgE2 were detected in the perfusates. Isoproterenol reduced the PgF2α output significantly. This effect was increased by the addition of theophylline. Propranolol did not reverse the effect of isoproterenol, but in a high concentration (5 μg/ml) reduced the PgF2α output for its own. Indomethacin completely abolished the anaphylactic prostaglandin release. The histamine liberation was significantly decreased only by the combination of isoproterenol and theophylline, and also by a high concentration of propranolol (5 μg/ml). In contrast to the Pg release, the anaphylactic SRS-A and histamine liberation was not abolished by indomethacin, but rather increased. The results are discussed in view of the possible role of the released substances in the functional events of cardiac anaphylaxis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498030
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of creatine kinase by antigen, histamine, and catecholamines (1976)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 292 (1976), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Creatine kinase ; Anaphylaxis ; Catecholamines ; Histamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In mepyramine treated, ovalbumin sensitized anaesthetized guinea pigs protracted anaphylactic shock was produced by i.p. injection of antigen, and serum creatine kinase (CK) activities were determined 4, 6, or 17 hrs thereafter. Significant increases above nonsensitized controls were obtained. In nonanaesthetized guinea pigs shock course and serum CK increase were considerably accelerated. Histamine increased the serum CK only when given in high amounts (10 mg/kg) s.c., in the presence or absence of mepyramine. I.p. injection of histamine in mepyramine treated animals had no effect. Adrenaline (1 or 10 mg/kg) given as a s.c. depot in oil produced a significant increase of serum CK, as well as noradrenaline (0.1, 1, or 10 mg/kg). Dibenamine reduced the effect of adrenaline. In isolated perfused guinea pig hearts a significant CK liberation occurred already within the first hour after eliciting anaphylaxis. Nonanaphylactic hearts released CK too, but significant amounts were obtained only in the total 4 hrs after ovalbumin administration. Isolated anaphylactic hearts incubated in Tyrode solution liberated significantly more CK than did nonsensitized control hearts. The findings are discussed in view of a possible myocardial damage in anaphylaxis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00506491
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