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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 11 (1975), S. 313-320 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin secretion ; perinatal period ; rat ; in vivo ; invitro ; perifusion ; isolated islets ; glucose ; glibenclamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During the perinatal period of the rat the effect of glucose and glibenclamide (HB 419) on the secretion of insulin was studied in vivo and in vitro. In the in vitro experiments isolated islets of 21 day old fetal and 5 day old newborn rats were perifused with 16.7 mM glucose or 16.7 mM glucose plus 1 μ/ml glibenclamide, while in the in vivo experiments glucose, 0.5 g/kg of body weight, or glibenclamide, 0.5 mg/kg of body weight were tested. Glucose elicited a small first phase of insulin release in 21 day old fetal islets, while glucose plus glibenclamide evoked a biphasic pattern. The injection of glibenclamide to the mother lowered the blood sugar in the fetus and increased the fetal serum insulin concentration. In one day old newborn rats glibenclamide stimulated the secretion of insulin after an i.p. injection. Glucose was without effect. Both substances increased the serum insulin concentration in five day old newborn animals. Dynamic studies at that age revealed a monophasic response to glucose and a biphasic pattern to glucose plus glibenclamide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 10 (1974), S. 411-414 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin secretion ; insulin biosynthesis ; pancreatic monoamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of serotonin on insulin secretion and biosynthesis was studied using isolated islets of mice. Serotonin produced a small stimulatory effect on insulin secretion when glucose was present in the incubation medium at a low concentration. On the other hand, an inhibition of insulin secretion was obtained with serotonin when glucose in the medium reached 3.0 mg/ml concentration. No significant effect of serotonin was obtained on insulin biosynthesis, neither in the presence of low nor with a high glucose concentration. These results suggest that the effect of this monoamine on insulin secretion is not mediated via its effect on insulin biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 9 (1973), S. 135-139 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin secretion ; biosynthesis of proinsulin and insulin ; isolated pancreatic islets ; insulin content ; hypophysectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin secretion and biosynthesis of proinsulin and insulin were determined in isolated pancreatic islets of hypophysectomized rats. Control rats were of both same age and weight. Hypophysectomy was performed either 13 or 5 weeks prior to the investigation, the weight of the animals being either 80 or 170 g. Biosynthesis of insulin was estimated from the amounts of radioactivity incorporated into proinsulin and insulin after incubation of isolated islets at 50 or 300 mg% glucose in the presence of3H-leucine for 3 h. Islet proteins were separated on Sephadex G 50 fine. — Hypophysectomy resulted in a significant decrease of both glucose stimulated secretion and biosynthesis of insulin. It was found that this reduction was 1) more significant when compared with controls of same age 2) more marked in rats which had been hypophysectomized 13 weeks before than in rats after an interval of 5 weeks and 3) less in rats which had been hypophysectomized at a weight of 170 g than in rats in whom pituitary ablation was performed at a weight of 80 g. At basal glucose concentrations, no significant changes of both secretion and biosynthesis of insulin were apparent. The relation of radioactivity incorporated into proinsulin and insulin was unchanged under all conditions. Insulin content of the isolated islets used was found within about the same range in all rats, apart from the animals which had been hypophysectomized 13 weeks before. In islets of these rats, a reduction to 84% was observed. — Our findings may be explained by reduced sensitivity of the pancreatic B-cell to glucose and a slower rate of insulin biosynthesis after hypophysectomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 111-120 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: C-peptide ; Diabetes mellitus ; Glibenclamide, therapeutic use ; Insulin secretion ; C-Peptid ; Diabetes mellitus ; Glibenclamid, therapeutische Anwendung ; Insulinsekretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Erwachsene Diabetiker wurden je nach Therapie vor und nach einem Behandlungsversuch mit Diät und Glibenclamid in 4 Gruppen eingeteilt: I: vorher Insulin — nachher Insulin, II: Tabletten — Insulin, III: Insulin — Tabletten und IV: Tabletten — Tabletten. Bei 6 Stoffwechselgesunden und 10 Patienten aus jeder Diabetikergruppe wurde die Sekretionskapazität der Beta-Zellen nach i.v. Belastung mit Glibenclamid-Glukose mittels C-Peptid Messungen untersucht. Bei den Diabetikern aller Gruppen kam eine Sekretionsstarre in einem verminderten und verzögerten Anstieg von immunologisch meßbarem C-Peptid (IMCP) zum Ausdruck. Bei tablettenbedürftigen Patienten hielt die Sekretion allerdings länger an als bei Stoffwechselgesunden. Im Mittel waren der Zuwachs von IMCP und die integrierten Stimulationsflächen bei tablettenbedürftigen Patienten (III+IV) viel größer als bei insulinbedürftigen (I+II). Eine Varianzanalyse wurde für die insulinbedürftigen Fälle einerseits und die tablettenbedürftigen Patienten andererseits durchgeführt. Die Gruppen I und II unterscheiden sich überzufällig bezüglich der Gruppenmittelwerte für IMCP, während der zeitliche Verlauf der IMCP Mittelwerte der beiden Gruppen nur zufällig von der Parallelität abweicht. In den Gruppen III und IV unterscheiden sich weder die Gruppenmittelwerte überzufällig, noch konnte eine Abweichung der jeweiligen zeitlichen Verläufe von der Parallelität nachgewiesen werden. Der zeitliche Verlauf konnte für Insulinbedürftige durch ein Regressionspolynom 2. Grades, für Tablettenbedürftige durch ein Regressionspolynom 4. Grades dargestellt werden. Die Kurven unterscheiden sich erheblich in Ausmaß und Steilheit ihres Anstiegs. Die Therapievorhersage nach i.v. Belastung mit Glibenclamid-Glukose, die bisher auf Kriterien des Blutglukoseverlaufs beruhte, ist bei Kenntnis des IMCP Verlaufs leichter und zuverlässiger möglich. Als natürlicher Verlauf des Diabetes mellitus im Erwachsenenalter ist die Entwicklung der Restsekretion der Beta-Zellen vom Stadium der Gruppen III und IV über Gruppe II zum Stadium der Gruppe I wahrscheinlich.
    Notes: Summary Adult diabetics were divided into 4 groups according to therapy before and after a therapeutic trial with diet and glibenclamide: I: insulin before — insulin afterwards, II: tablets — insulin, III: insulin — tablets and IV: tablets — tablets. The secretion capacity of the beta-cells, determined by C-peptide was examined in 6 healthy subjects and in 10 diabetics of each group following an i.v. glibenclamide-glucose load. A decreased insulinogenic reserve showing itself in a reduced and delayed rise of immunomeasurable C-peptide (IMCP) was found in all diabetics. However, the secretion of IMCP lasted longer in the diabetics requiring tablets than in the healthy subjects. The average values for the increment of IMCP and the integrated stimulation areas were much more considerable in the patients treated with tablets (III+IV) than in the insulin-dependent patients (I+II). An analysis of variance was performed for the diabetics depending on insulin, on the one hand, and the patients depending on tablets on the other. Between groups I and II the group average values for IMCP are significantly different while differences in the time course of the IMCP mean values of both groups are accidental. Neither the group average values of IMCP nor the time course of the IMCP mean values show significant differences between groups III and IV. The time course of IMCP was described by a regression polynomial of 2nd degree in insulin-dependent diabetics and a polynomial of 4th degree in diabetics depending on tablets; the corresponding curves differ considerably as to extent and steepness of their rise. Prediction of suitable diabetes therapy from an i.v. glibenclamide-glucose load based on blood glucose evaluation up to now is easier and more reliable since C-peptide levels are known. A development of the residual beta-cell function from the stage in groups III and IV via group II to the stage in group I is likely to be the natural course of adult diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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