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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paraquat causes S-phase arrest of rat liver and lung cells in vivo (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 70 (1996), S. 514-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Paraquat ; Tungsten ; Xanthine oxidase ; Intoxication ; Flow cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We examined the in vivo effect of paraquat on the cell cycle in rat liver and lung tissues and the protective effect of tungsten (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor) on paraquat toxicity. The bromodeoxy- uridine/propidium iodide double-staining method and flow cytometry were used for cell cycle assessment. Wistar rats were fed a standard diet or a tungsten-enriched diet were injected intravenously with 20 mg/kg paraquat, while uninjected rats served as controls. At 1, 3, and 5 days after paraquat injection, the liver and lungs were removed for examination following in vivo labeling with 20 mg/kg bromo- deoxyuridine for 1 h. Liver and lung cells were isolated and incubated with an anti-bromodeoxyuridine antibody and with propidium iodide for DNA staining. Flow cytometry showed that the S-phase cell populations in the liver and lungs of paraquat-injected rats fed a standard diet were increased markedly on days 1 and 3 after injection compared with the control levels. However, on day 5 the liver cells had nearly returned to normal, while the S-phase population remained high in the lungs. In contrast, the S-phase cell populations of liver and lung tissue showed no increase after paraquat injection in rats fed a tungsten-enriched diet. These findings suggest that paraquat-induced cytotoxicity is more prolonged in the lungs than in the liver. In addition, paraquat toxicity appears to be mediated by xanthine oxidase and xanthine oxidase inhibitors may be useful as an antidote.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050308
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An infeasible method of large-system optimization by direct coordination of subsystem inputs (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 24 (1978), S. 437-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Decomposition techniques ; generalized Lagrangian ; large-systems optimization ; method of multipliers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An infeasible method of large-system optimization is proposed. The dual gap is resolved by use of the generalized Lagrangian as in the previous methods due to Stephanopouloset al. and Watanabeet al. The values of subsystem inputs are, however, coordinated in the second level, instead of being adjusted in the first level, as in previous methods. As a result, in contrast with previous methods, the subproblems in the first level include a small number of variables to be adjusted; in addition, the generalized Lagrangian is decomposable in a simple manner. Further, the decomposition is not subject to any restriction, which is often encountered in feasible methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00932887
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition in large system optimization using the method of multipliers (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 25 (1978), S. 181-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Decomposition techniques ; generalized Lagrangian ; large system optimization ; method of multipliers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Although the method of multipliers can resolve the dual gaps which will often appear between the true optimum point and the saddle point of the Lagrangian in large system optimization using the Lagrangian approach, it is impossible to decompose the generalized Lagrangian in a straightforward manner because of its quadratic character. A technique using the linear approximation of the perturbed generalized Lagrangian has recently been proposed by Stephanopoulos and Westerberg for the decomposition. In this paper, another attractive decomposition technique which transforms the nonseparable crossproduct terms into the minimum of sum of separable terms is proposed. The computational efforts required for large system optimization can be much reduced by adopting the latter technique in place of the former, as illustrated by application of these two techniques to an optimization problem of a chemical reactor system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00933211
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protective Effect of Riluzole on MPTP-Induced Depletion of Dopamine and Its Metabolite Content in Mice (2000)
    Springer
    Metabolic brain disease 15 (2000), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7365
    Keywords: MPTP ; riluzole ; pargyline ; MK-801 ; dopamine ; mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The neuroprotective effects of riluzole (2-amino-6-trifluoromethoxy benzothiazole), a Na+ channel blocker with antiglutamatergic activity, MK-801, a blocker of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor pargyline were compared in the model of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced depletion of dopamine and its metabolite 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels in mice. The mice received four intraperitoneal injections of MPTP (10 mg/kg) at 1-hr intervals and then the brains were analyzed at 1, 3 and 7 days after the treatments. Dopamine and DOPAC levels were significantly decreased in the striatum from 1 day after MPTP treatments. A severe depletion in dopamine and DOPAC levels was found in the striatum 3 and 7 days after MPTP treatments. Riluzole dose-dependently antagonized the MPTP-induced decrease in dopamine and DOPAC levels in the striatum. Pargyline also protected against MPTP-induced decrease in dopamine levels in the striatum. However, this drug showed no significant change in the striatal DOPAC levels. On the other hand, MK-801 failed to protect against MPTP-induced decrease in dopamine levels in the striatum. However, MK-801 reversed the MPTP-induced decrease in DOPAC levels. These results suggest that riluzole can protect against MPTP-induced striatal dopamine and DOPAC depletion in mice. This protective effect may be caused by inactivation of voltage-dependent Na+ channels by riluzole. Furthermore, the present study suggests that the activation of NMDA receptors does not mainly contribute to MPTP-induced neurodegeneration, whereas MAO, especially MAO type B(MAO-B) plays a crucial role in MPTP-induced degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011111708901
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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