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  • Key words: Clinical practice guidelines — Consensus development conference — Literature search — Publication bias — Retrieval bias  (1)
  • Key words: Postoperative pain  (1)
  • Prostacyclin (PGI2)  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) ; Prostacyclin (PGI2) ; Human platelets ; Bovine coronary artery ; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs ; Prostaglandin-cyclooxygenase ; Bioassay ; RCS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The action of the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs indomethacin, tiaprofenic acid, diclofenac and meclofenamate on vascular and plateletcyclooxygenases was studied by measuring the arachidonic acid-induced thromboxane A2 (TXA2)-formation of washed human platelets and prostacyclin (PGI2)-formation of bovine coronary artery rings. TXA2 was bioassayed as RCS on rabbit aorta strips, PGI2 in terms of its antiaggregatory activity on ADP-induced aggregation of human platelet-rich plasma. All of the substances studied produced concentration-dependent inhibition of PGI2- and RCS-release. The IC50 [μM] in inhibition of RCS-formation was 0.019 for indomethacin, 0.070 for tiaprofenic acid but 44.9 for meclofenamate and 63.2 for diclofenac. The IC50 [μM] in inhibition of PGI2-release was 0.42 for diclofenac, 0.63 for indomethacin and 0.99 for tiaprofenic acid. The data suggest (1) high sensitivity of human platelet-cyclooxygenase against indomethacin and tiaprofenic acid, (2) different sequence of the substances studied in inhibiting arachidonic acid-induced TXA2- and PGI2-formation. The possible therapeutic value of selective inhibition of platelets and vascular cyclooxygenases in discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 14 (2000), S. 908 -910 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Clinical practice guidelines — Consensus development conference — Literature search — Publication bias — Retrieval bias
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Ideally, a consensus panel combines expert knowledge with external evidence derived from the literature. To date, many consensus conferences do not use a structured approach to search the literature, but simply compile an add-on reference list from all papers cited by the panelists. This study examined how well such panelists retrieved the relevant literature. Methods: We used the reference lists of nine surgeons who took part in a consensus conference on common bile duct stones. We included all papers that were referred to as randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We then compared this list with a database search in order to calculate sensitivity and specificity. Results: The nine experts cited between 35 and 518 papers, but only eight papers on average were RCTs. Of the 49 papers that the experts believed to be RCTs, only 23 actually were RCTs. The sensitivity resp. specificity for correctly identifying an RCT was 0.21 (95% Cl, 0.11–0.30) resp. 0.80 (95% Cl; 0.64–0.95). RCTs that included the word ``randomized'' in their title were significantly more likely to be identified (relative risk, 1.31; 95% Cl, 1.18–1.45). Conclusion: Our data indicate that consensus panelists usually do not perform systematic literature searches, but simply use their favorite papers to back up their arguments. Because this may lead to a biased selection of the evidence base on which the consensus statements are founded, a systematic search of all relevant articles should become a mandatory task in any consensus or guideline process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Postoperative pain ; Pain therapy ; Pain measurement ; Survey. ; Schlüsselwörter: Postoperativer Schmerz ; Schmerztherapie ; Schmerzmessung ; Umfrage.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Mittels einer anonymen Umfrage wurde der Status der perioperativen Schmerztherapie in Deutschland untersucht. Von insgesamt 2254 chirurgischen Abteilungen antworteten 1000 (Rücklaufquote 44,4 %). Die strukturierten Fragen bezogen sich auf Organisationsstruktur und Zuständigkeit in der Schmerzbehandlung, Bedeutung, Methoden der Schmerzmessung/-dokumentation und die Verwendung verschiedener Analgetica/Analgesieverfahren. In 47 % waren Chirurg und Anaesthesist gemeinsam für die Schmerztherapie zuständig, in 33 bzw. 14 % war es der Chirurg bzw. der Anaesthesist allein. Nur 41 % kannten die Vereinbarung zur postoperativen Schmerztherapie, die 1992 durch die Berufsverbände der Deutschen Chirurgen und Anaesthesisten erstellt wurde. Obwohl die Bedeutung postoperativer Schmerzen als hoch angesehen wurde (für den Arzt 77,6 %, für den Patient 94 %), verfügen nur 19,1 % über ein schriftlich fixiertes Therapiekonzept. Schmerzmessungen führen nur 11 % überwiegend mittels der „Visuellen Analog-Scala“ durch. Die medikamentöse Schmerztherapie besteht bevorzugt aus der systemischen Pharmakotherapie; nur 18 % verwenden regionale Analgesieverfahren. 51 % der Chirurgen entscheiden erst auf der Station über die Wahl und Dosierung von Schmerzmedikation. 33 % gestanden ein, erst bei Klagen des Patienten die Therapie zu beginnen. 70 % der Chirurgen haben noch nie an einem Schmerzkongreß teilgenommen. In der Schlußfolgerung erscheint daher die Schmerztherapie vieler chirurgischer Kliniken in Deutschland als ineffektiv, inadäquat und ohne den nötigen organisatorischen und wissenschaftlichen Hintergrund.
    Notes: Summary. To evaluate the status of perioperative pain management we mailed a anonymous postal survey to all 2,254 surgical departments in Germany. We received answers from 1,000 clinics (44.4 %) which were representative related to their regional distribution. We asked the responsible surgeons to report their organizational structure and responsibilities for treating pain patients, the significance of the problem, their methods of measuring pain, and the usage of different analgesic drugs and methods. In 47 % the surgeon and the anesthesist together had responsibility for adequate postoperative pain treatment; in 33 % and 14 %, respectively, it was the surgeon and anesthesist alone. Only 41 % knew the interdisciplinary statement on pain therapy of the Professional Societies of German Surgeons and Anaesthesists from 1992. Although the importance of postoperative pain is globally acknowledged, only 19.1 % of all departments had a written concept for pain treatment. Pain was measured in only 11 % of the clinics mainly by using the visual analogue scale. Most surgeons relieve pain solely with systemic drugs. Regional analgesia was used by 18 % only. 51 % of the surgeons decide on the choice and dosage of analgesic therapy on the ward; 33 % admit that pain therapy often starts after complaints of the patient. 70 % of all surgeons never participated in a congress on pain. We conclude that postoperative pain management in most German surgical departments still lacks effectiveness, adequacy, and organizational and scientific background.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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