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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrophobic layered double hydroxides (LDHs): selective adsorbents for liquid mixtures (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 275 (1997), S. 681-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Adsorption ; anionic surfactants ; hydrophobic surfaces ; layered double hydroxide ; swelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The external and internal surface area of the calcium aluminum double hydroxide [Ca2Al(OH)6] NO3 ⋅ 2H2O were hydrophobized by the anionic surfactants sodium dodecylsulfate and sodium dodecyl-benzene sulfonate. The adsorption behavior towards liquid mixtures (benzene/n-heptane and n-propanol/ toluene) was studied by determining the surface excess adsorption isotherms, the heats of immersion in these liquids, and the basal spacing, i.e. the expansion of the interlayer space. Both hydrophobic layered double hydroxides (LDHs) adsorbed n-hep-tane, benzene, toluene, and n-pro-panol between the layers with considerable increase of the basal spacing. Interlamellar swelling of the hydrophobizised LDHs in n-heptane was fundamentally different to the behavior of hydrophobized 2 : 1 clay minerals (smectites, vermiculites). The surface excess isotherms for benzene/ heptane mixtures were U-shaped and indicate preferential adsorption of benzene. Dodecylbenzene sulfonate double hydroxide preferentially adsorbed propanol from n-propanol/ toluene mixtures but the dodecyl-sulfate derivative adsorbed both compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050135
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multilayer adsorption with variable thickness at solid–liquid interfaces (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 275 (1997), S. 876-882 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Adsorption ; multilayers ; binary mixtures ; layer thickness ; surface layer composition ; adsorption capacity ; free enthalpy of adsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The multilayer adsorption on the solid/liquid interface in binary mixtures was studied by adsorption space filling with constant and variable layer thickness. Adsorption from benzene/n-heptane mixtures was examined on hydrophilic and hydro-phobic surfaces. The free enthalpy of adsorption, Δ21 G=f (x 1), was calculated from the adsorption excess isotherm by integration of the Gibbs equation. Supposing that the free enthalpy is mainly due to adsorption in the first layer, the composition of this layer can be calculated from the Δ21 G=f (x 1) function. It was established that the adsorption layer thickness in benzene/heptane mixtures increases significantly with increasing benzene content. This statement was supported by X-ray diffraction on hydrophobic clay minerals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050160
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of action potential duration by inhibition of the transient outward current in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers (1995)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 90 (1995), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Sheep Purkinje fiber ; voltage-clamp ; action potential duration ; transient outward current ; 4-aminopyridine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers concentration-dependent inhibition of transient outward current (ito) by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 3-1000 μmol/l) was recorded with the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique, and correlated effects on action potential duration measured at — 70 mV (APD-70) were investigatigated. Half-maximal inhibition of ito-amplitude occurred at 15 μmol/l 4-AP. The drug exhibited no major effect on voltage-dependent control of inactivation but reduced the maximally available ito-current. At different activation frequencies (0.05 Hz, 0.25 Hz, 1 Hz) an equal amount of ito-current, measured as percentage of the respective control, was inhibited by 4-AP. The APD-70 was on the average increased by 4-AP (3–500 μmol/l) in a concentration-dependont manner up to 151 % of control. The drug-induced prolongation, measured as percentage of the respective control, was independent of stimulation frequency (0.05 Hz, 0.25 Hz, 1 Hz). Prolongation of APD-70 was on the average more pronounced for short action potentials (APD-70〈150 ms: 169 % of reference) than for longer ones (APD-70 150–300 ms: prolongation to 117 % of reference; 500 μmol/l 4-AP; 0.25 Hz stimulation rate). Few long control signals (APD-70 〉300 ms) were shortened by 4-AP. These results indicate that inhibition of ito-current by appropriate drugs will result in a reduction of inhomogeneity of action potential duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00805661
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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