Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and loss of tolerance to the effects of ethanol on DRL performance of rats (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 97 (1989), S. 45-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: DRL ; Ethanol ; Operant behavior ; Rats ; Residual tolerance ; Tolerance ; Rate increases and decreases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Six male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained on a DRL-20 operant schedule for food presentation. When stable performance was established, they were exposed to an escalating regimen of daily ethanol administration (1.125–3.75 g/kg. IP). This dosing regimen continued until the maximally tolerable dose for each subject was reached. Tolerance loss then was monitored for approximately 6 months by periodic ethanol challenge doses (1.5 g/kg). Dose-effect curves (DECs) were obtained prior to (DEC-1), immediately after (DEC-2), and 6 months following termination of (DEC-3) the ethanol exposure. Rate-increasing effects (DEC-1) were noted at low doses (0.75 and 1.125 g/kg), with a higher dose (2.25 g/kg) resulting in a decreased rate of responding. Tolerance, following chronic ethanol exposure, developed to both the rate-increasing and ratedecreasing effects of ethanol (DEC-2). While some tolerance was lost within the 6 months following the daily ethanol exposure (DEC-3), a significant degree of tolerance was still indicated by most of the response measures. This duration of tolerance was considerably longer than that generally reported, and is probably attributable to persistent learned compensatory behavior and/or intermittent ethanol challenge tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443411
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tolerance to ethanol's disruptive effects on operant behavior in rats (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 479-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Tolerance ; Operant performance ; Delayed ethanol effect ; Drug-induced compensatory learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of pre-session and post-session daily ethanol injections on the development and loss of tolerance to ethanol's effects on fixed ratio operant performance in rats was assessed using a cumulative dosing procedure. Daily pre-session ethanol administration produced a greater decrease in ethanol sensitivity than did daily post-session ethanol. Both tolerance effects persisted for at least 1 month after the chronic injection phase. No changes in ethanol sensitivity were apparent in the saline control group and no changes in estimated blood ethanol levels were found after the chronic treatments. The post-session ethanol groups displayed a performance decrement during the initial segment of the chronic injection period, but improved significantly across the chronic phase. These data suggest that some delayed effect of ethanol initially impaired performance but that tolerance to this ethanol effect also occurred and probably contributed to the decline in ethanol sensitivity seen in these groups. Compensatory learning as the mechanism for tolerance development in the pre-session and post-session ethanol groups was supported by the finding of no change in ethanol sensitivity in rats exposed to comparable daily ethanol without any concurrent operant task on which the direct, immediate, or indirect, delayed ethanol effects could operate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00589895
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Schedule-controlled behavior as an index of the development and loss of ethanol tolerance in the rat (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 87 (1985), S. 414-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Behavioral tolerance ; Ethanol ; Operant behavior ; Rats ; Residual tolerance ; Tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats, following training on one of two food-motivated operant schedules (Fixed-Ratio 30 or Variable Interval 30 s), were exposed to an escalating regimen of daily ethanol (1.125–3.0 g/kg, IP) administration. This increasing dose regimen continued until the maximally tolerable dose for each subject was reached. Tolerance was then monitored for approximately 6 months by periodic ethanol challenge doses (1.5 g/kg). Dose-effect curves (DECs) were obtained prior to chronic ethanol (DEC1), immediately after ethanol tolerance development (DEC2), and 6 months (DEC3) following termination of ethanol exposure. At DEC1, ethanol produced dose-dependent decreases in rate on both schedules with no significant schedule differences in ED50 (the dose effective at reducing the maximal response rate by one-half) values. Maximal tolerance was achieved in means of 46 and 55 days on the VI and FR schedules, respectively. Differences in rate of tolerance acquisition on the initial dose of the chronic regimen (1.125 g/kg) account for most of the difference in the overall rate of acquisition. Comparison of the ED50 data from DECs 1 and 2 indicated that daily ethanol exposure resulted in a 2-fold decrease in ethanol sensitivity (i.e., tolerance) on both operant schedules. The ED50 data from DECs 1 and 3 demonstrated a 1.7-fold decrease in ethanol potency on DEC3. This duration of tolerance was considerably longer than that generally reported, and possibly related to the extended ethanol exposure and the sensitivity of operant schedules to drug effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432505
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    State-dependent effects of ethanol on active and passive avoidance learning (1972)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 25 (1972), S. 238-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Dissociation ; Ethanol ; Avoidance Conditioning ; Response-Initiation-Suppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present set of experiments examined the importance of the response initiation-inhibition parameter of certain avoidance conditioning tasks in the production of state-dependent dissociative effects with ethanol. On those tasks involving some degree of response inhibition (passive avoidance and two-way active avoidance), animals receiving ethanol during training were more impaired in their testing performance than those receiving saline during training (anterograde amnestic effect), and animals injected with ethanol during training and saline during testing displayed dissociation of their acquired avoidance behaviors during testing (asymmetrical dissociation effect). On the task involving a response initiation element with little contamination by response suppression factors (one-way active avoidance), dissociation of avoidance behavior during testing was found both for the animals trained under ethanol and tested under saline and for the animals trained under saline and tested under ethanol (symmetrical dissociation effect). The results were discussed in terms of possible joint effects of symmetrical state-dependency and other behavioral properties of the drug. However, an alternative interpretation could not be ruled out, namely that the mechanisms involved in the impairment found on the testing day for the drug-placebo and placebo-drug groups may be different. It was suggested that the drug-placebo group may represent the more general example of state-dependent dissociation effects, whereas the production of state-dependent dissociation effects in the placebo-drug group may depend upon the type of behavior conditioned and/or the strength of such conditioning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422505
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors governing the vulnerability of DRL operant performance to the effects of ethanol (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 28 (1973), S. 351-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Operant Performance ; Dose-Response Analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of various doses of ethanol on DRL performance was examined in rats under conditions of cued and non-cued DRL tasks and under conditions of low versus high baseline performance criteria. The dose-level at which ethanol produced a significant reduction in number of responses and reinforcements interacted in a complex fashion with level of baseline performance, the cue conditions, and the order of DRL tasks. Generally, performance was impaired at a lower dose level for groups initially trained to a low criterion of DRL performance than for groups later trained to a higher criterion of DRL performance, regardless of cue condition. Further, the dose level at which ethanol impaired performance (as indicated by number of reinforcements obtained) under non-cued DRL conditions was lower than that for the cued DRL conditions, but only on the initial task where baseline DRL performance criterion was lower. Finally, the group with a higher baseline level of responding (i.e., poorer DRL performance) was more vulnerable to the disrupting effects of ethanol on this measure than groups with lower baseline response rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422755
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tolerance to ethanol's effects on operant performance in rats: role of number and pattern of intoxicated practice opportunities (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 109 (1992), S. 112-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Operant performance ; Tolerance ; Intoxicated practice ; Compensatory behaviors ; Acute ethanol withdrawal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acquisition and retention of tolerance to ethanol's rate-decreasing effects on operant performance were examined in rats which received a 52-day regimen of ethanol or saline injections prior to and/or after each daily session. Eight groups of rats differed on: (a) number of days with intoxicated practice (pre-session ethanol); (b) intermittent (spaced) or daily (massed) intoxicated practice; and (c) post-session ethanol or saline on nonintoxicated practice days. Massed practice groups were given their presession saline days prior to their pre-session ethanol days. Ethanol dose-effect tests were given prior to, during, and after the chronic injection regimen. Under both spaced and massed practice conditions, the magnitude of tolerance developed increased directly with the number of pre-session ethanol days, even when absolute ethanol exposure was constant. No group showed complete tolerance loss. The post-session ethanol supplements (a) facilitated tolerance development in spaced practice groups and tolerance loss in massed practice groups, (b) blocked ethanol's low dose rate-increasing effects, and (c) produced an acute withdrawal-like performance disruption the next day. The results suggest that both intoxicated practice and practice during acute ethanol withdrawal influence the acquisition and retention of compensatory behaviors during ethanol tolerance development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245488
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal regeneration following D-serine induced acute tubular necrosisSupported by the Chicago and Illinois Heart Association. (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 193 (1979), S. 383-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Regeneration of the rat kidney was observed for six days after inducing acute tubular necrosis of the proximal pars recta with d-serine (80 mg/100g body weight). Regenerating cells appear by two days post-treatment, and re-epithelialization of the nephron is completed within six days, with the most mature cells approaching normal morphology. Regeneration originates from viable cells adjacent to the necrotic zone which divide and follow a template provided by the intact basement membrane. Transient, cytoplasmic regenerative activity among developing tubular cells is characterized by the presence of large, irregularly shaped nuclei, prominent nucleoli, abundant ribosomes and lysosomes, and abnormal mitochondrial configurations. Microfilaments appear to be involved in the formation of apical microvilli and the basal labyrinth of plasmalemmal convolutions. These data suggest that d-serine. inducedacute tubular necrosis of the proximal pars recta may be followed by rapid, patterned regeneration along an intact basement membrane, and that microfilaments are involved in differentiation of cellular morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091930305
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of the thrombocyte in the dogfish (Mustelus canis) with special reference to microtubule orientationThis work performed in part at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts.The investigation was supported in part by grants AI 03767, HE 10002-01 and HE 08172, National Institutes of Health, and by Boston University Graduate School. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 203-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cytoplasm of the dogfish (Mustelus canis) thrombocyte was found to contain microtubules. The tubules which measured 230 Å in diameter appeared singly and in groups. They were found in all parts of the cytoplasm but usually close to the perinuclear area. Similar arrangements of tubules were observed in eosinophils and hemoblasts, but not in the mature, smaller lymphocytes. The orientations of the perinuclear bundles frequently reflected the shape of the nuclei, appearing in furrows, indentations, and between lobes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560208
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The origin of the phagocytic mononuclear cells of the peripheral bloodA second report of Studies on the Mononuclear Cells of the Blood. (1919)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 25 (1919), S. 26-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1000250104
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid fixation and embedding method for immunocytochemical studies of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) in plant and insect tissues (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 24 (1993), S. 514-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Microwave energy ; Immunolabelling ; Antigenicity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A new rapid fixation and embedding technique using microwave energy was evaluated for immunolabelling and examination of ultrastructure of plant and insect cells. Tissues in gluteraldehyde-paraformaldehyde were fixed for fifteen seconds in a microwave at 100% power, and dehydrated. Microwave energy was then used to polymerize the London Resin White (LR White) acrylic resin during the embedding process. Embedded specimens were then thin sectioned (90 nm) and treated with anti-tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) antiserum followed by protein A-gold label, or antisera against a TSWV encoded nonstructural protein followed by goat anti-rabbit gold label. Using this technique, structural and nonstructural proteins of TSWV were readily detected and specifically labelled in cells of the insect vector, the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and in infected cells of the plant species, Emilia sonchifolia L. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070240608
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...