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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of very low density lipoprotein compositional abnormalities in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients; effects of blood glucose optimisation (1988)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 884-888 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Lipoproteins ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes ; blood glucose control ; lipoprotein composition ; atherosclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma lipoprotein compositional abnormalities were investigated in eight normolipidaemic (plasma cholesterol 〈5.70 mmol/l; triglyceride 〈2.03 mmol/l) young male Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (before and after a short period of optimised blood glucose control) and in nine healthy control subjects, matched for sex, age and body mass index. Free and esterified cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipids were assayed in all lipoprotein classes (VLDL, IDL, LDL) and in HDL subclasses (HDL2 and HDL3); apoB was measured only in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). All VLDL constituents were increased in the diabetic group, the differences being more striking for apoB (6.0±1.1 mg/dl vs 2.0±0.1 mg/dl, p〈0.02), free cholesterol (0.27±0.04 mmol/l vs 0.13±0.02 mmol/l, p〈0.02) and esterified cholesterol (0.32±0.08 mmol/l vs 0.13±0.01 mmol/l, p〈0.05). Also HDL subfractions showed differences between the two groups: all HDL2 constituents were increased, while in HDL3 only triglyceride was significantly increased (0.11±0.01 mmol/l vs 0.08±0.004 mmol/l, p〈0.02). After two weeks of optimised blood glucose control all VLDL constituents were reduced and particularly: esterified cholesterol (−39%, p〈0.02), free cholesterol (−37%, p〈0.05), apoB (− 35%, p〈0.05). Expressing each VLDL constituent as percent of the total lipoprotein mass, it was evident that the diabetic VLDL was rich in cholesterol both esterified (8.4±1.0% vs 5.4±0.5%, p〈0.02) and free (8.5±0.7% vs 5.5±0.3%, p〈0.001), apo B (5.1±0.6% vs 2.6±0.3%, p〈0.001) and depleted in triglyceride (57.0±1.7% vs 64.1±1.7%, p〈0.001). Two weeks of optimised blood glucose control were not able to correct the abnormal composition of VLDL. In conclusion, Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, although normolipidaemic, show an abnormal VLDL composition suggesting an increased prevalence of smaller and, possibly, more atherogenic VLDL particles. This abnormality is not corrected by a short period of blood glucose optimisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265371
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal distribution of VLDL subfractions in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients: could plasma lipase activities play a role? (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Lipoproteins ; VLDL subfractions ; diabetes mellitus ; lipid composition ; lipolytic enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) have an abnormal lipid composition in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Since VLDL represent a heterogeneous lipoprotein class, this might be due either to a shift in the distribution or to an abnormal composition of VLDL subclasses or both. In order to investigate these possibilities and to evaluate possible pathogenetic mechanisms, lipid composition (non-esterified and esterified cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids) of four VLDL subfractions of decreasing size (A: Svedberg flotation unit [Sf]〉400, B: Sf, 175–400, C: Sf 100–175, D: Sf 20–100), isolated by density gradient preparative ultracentrifugation, and plasma post-heparin lipolytic activity (lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase) were evaluated in 13 male normolipidaemic insulin-dependent diabetic patients in good glycaemic control (HbA1c 6.9±0.5%) (mean±SEM) and 9 male control subjects matched for age, body mass index and plasma lipid values. Compared to control subjects, diabetic patients showed a reduced total lipid concentration of VLDL of intermediate size (B and C) reaching statistical significance only for VLDL C (0.16±0.02 vs 0.24±0.03 mmol/l; p 〈0.05). Expressing each VLDL subfraction as percent of the total VLDL lipid concentration, a significant decrease in particles of intermediate size (C) (20.5±1.6 vs 27.9±1.5%; p 〈0.005) was present, which was compensated by an increase in the smallest ones (D) (50.5±2.7 vs 37.4±3.1%; p 〈0.05). VLDL of smaller size were also the only particles with an abnormal composition consisting of a significant increase in esterified cholesterol (12.2±0.8 vs 8.7±1.2%, p 〈0.01). Post-heparin hepatic lipase activity was significantly reduced in diabetic patients as compared to control subjects (232.9±27.9 vs 332±42.3 mU/ml; p 〈0.05) while post-heparin lipoprotein lipase activity was similar in the two groups. Furthermore, hepatic lipase activity was inversely related to the percentage of smaller VLDL (D)(r=−0.72; p 〈0.01) in diabetic patients and this relationship was independent of changes in intermediate VLDL (VLDL C). In conclusion the data suggest that Type 1 diabetic patients, although normolipidaemic and in good blood glucose control, show a shift in the distribution of VLDL subclasses toward VLDL of a smaller size which also have an abnormal composition. The different distribution of VLDL subfractions seems to be related to a reduced hepatic lipase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400698
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Very low density lipoprotein subfraction abnormalities in IDDM patients: any effect of blood glucose control? (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1419-1424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Lipoproteins ; VLDL subfractions ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; blood glucose control ; lipid concentration ; lipolytic enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Normolipidaemic insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients are characterized by an increase in the smaller VLDL particles, considered to be the most atherogenic. Since blood glucose control is one of the main regulators of lipid metabolism in diabetic patients, it could influence the shift in the distribution of VLDL subfractions towards smaller particles. To evaluate this possibility, VLDL subfractions, post-heparin lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities have been evaluated in male IDDM patients with either unsatisfactory blood glucose control (group 1, HbA1c〉8%, n=18) or good blood glucose control (group 2, HbA1c〈8%, n=16) and in 16 normoglycaemic individuals. The three groups were comparable for sex, age, body mass index, and plasma lipid levels. Three VLDL subfractions (large, Svedberg flotation unit (Sf) 175–400; intermediate, Sf 100–175; small, Sf 20–100) were separated by density gradient ultracentrifugation and analysed for cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid levels. When compared to control subjects both groups of IDDM patients showed a clear shift in VLDL subfraction distribution with a significant increase in the proportion of small VLDL (group 1; 49±2%; p〈0.005; group 2: 51±3%, p〈0.01; control subjects 40±2%) (mean ± SEM) in relation to total VLDL. By contrast, the absolute lipid concentration of small VLDL was higher only in group 1, compared to control subjects (35±4 vs 27±3 mg/dl, p=0.05). Post-heparin hepatic lipase activity was significantly reduced in both IDDM groups (group 1: 254±19 mU/ ml, p〈0.05; group 2: 202±19 mU/ml, p〈0.005; control subjects 317±31 mU/ml). In conclusion, normolipidaemic IDDM patients show an increase in the smallest VLDL, whatever their degree of blood glucose control. However, this abnormality may be clinically relevant only in patients with unsatisfactory blood glucose control, since absolute lipid concentration of these potentially atherogenic particles is only increased in this group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400602
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical state and biodegradation behavior of starch-polycaprolactone systems (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 3 (1995), S. 81-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Biodegradation ; poly-ε-caprolactone ; starch ; morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The biodegradation behavior of insoluble crystalline polymers depends on both chemical structure and physical state. The physical state is strongly affected by the molding conditions; moreover the presence of natural hydrophylic substances such as starch can further influence the biodegradation process. This paper examines the biotic and abiotic degradation of thick injection-molded parts, made of pure poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) at different molecular weights, and of PCL in the presence of starch in the case of a commercial grade of Mater-Bi, produced by Novamont. The abiotic degradation was studied at 25 and 50°C, whereas the biotic degradation was followed in conditions of SCAS (semicontinuous activated sludges) at 25 and 50°C, soil burial, and controlled composting. The physical-chemical modifications provoked at the surface and in the bulk of the samples by the different types of degradation were determined by differential scanning calorimetry, viscometric and gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The mechanical modifications induced by the different environments were followed by tensile tests. It was demonstrated that the presence of starch significantly increases the apparent biodegradation rate of PCL, making even thick parts of ZI01U compatible with the composting process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02067484
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoaxial drawing behaviour of isotactic polypropylene quenched at different temperatures (1987)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 265 (1987), S. 696-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Isotacticpolypropylene ; morphology ; drawing ; fibers properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Quenched films of isotactic polypropylene were obtained in different quenching conditions; the films structure was analyzed in terms of phases composition and gross morphology. The mechanical behaviour, analyzed at room temperature in monoaxial drawing shows that the initial structure strongly affects the drawing behaviour. The drawing occurs by necking propagation in all the samples, but the deformation in the neck depends on the gross morphology while the drawing load depends on crystallinity. The obtianed results are discussed on the basis of the molecular and structural model of the fibers formation by drawing of crystalline polymeric films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01425031
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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