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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytogenetics of Lolium perenne (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 177-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lolium perenne ; Inbred lines ; Meiosis ; Chiasmata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A number of inbred lines of Lolium perenne have been developed as far as the fifth inbred generation and are being used for basic studies on the cytogenetics of the species. An analysis on variation in the pattern of chiasma frequency and distribution, including the parent plants and all generations down to the S5, reveals that the effect of inbreeding is to reduce chiasma frequency and to increase both the cell and bivalent variances. Evidence is presented for a genetic basis of polygenic control of chiasma formation and distribution, and a model is suggested for control over the three related components of variation which involves a two-stage level of regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293355
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytogenetics of Lolium perenne (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 233-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lolium perenne ; Chromosome doubling ; Colchicine-induced variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A number of diploid inbred lines of Lolium perenne were treated with colchicine at the early seedling stage to induce chromosome doubling. In each inbred line the colchicine-treated undoubled diploids were kept as controls, as well as the normal untreated diploids. Comparisons of vegetative growth and development, involving the three treatments within each line, revealed that colchicine treatment of seedlings has long-lasting effects upon plant growth and development independent of chromosome doubling, and that for certain characteristics the effects of chromosome doubling are confounded with other effects of the treatment used to produce tetraploids. This colchicine induced variation in the diploids is transmitted through the seed generations in at least one of the inbred lines. The variation appears to be non-random and also shows a strong genotypic component. In so far as the effects of chromosome doubling could be determined, they showed the usual gigas response but were again strongly influenced by genotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289974
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytogenetics of Lolium perenne (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 137-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lolium perenne ; Inbred lines ; Meiosis ; Chiasma distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An analysis of the patterns of chiasma distribution within bivalents, in a number of inbred lines of Lolium perenne, reveals a striking potential for variation in this character, as well as a polygenic genetic basis for its control. In parent plants the chiasmata have a regular pattern of localisation which restricts their formation to the ends of the chromosome arms: this strict localisation is progressively lost with inbreeding and novel patterns of distribution are found where chiasmata occur in more interstitial and proximal regions. The variation is continuous and originates from genotypic differences between the different parent plants, rather than from segregation among families deriving from individual parents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272721
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytogenetics of Lolium perenne (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lolium perenne ; Meiosis ; Chiasma distribution ; U-type exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In two contrasting types of S5 inbred Lolium perenne a correlation has been found between the distribution pattern of chiasmata within bivalents and that of meiotic U-type exchange. The relationship between the two processes is discussed, in terms of inbreeding effects upon chiasma redistribution, and mention is also made of some other types of chromosome breakages which arise following enforced self-pollination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264883
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colchicine-induced heritable variation in cell size and chloroplast numbers in leaf mesophyll cells of diploid ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 49 (1990), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lolium perenne ; ryegrass ; colchicine ; induced heritable variation ; cell size ; chloroplast number
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A 3 hr treatment period with a 0.2% aqueous solution of colchicine was given to one week old seedlings of imbred lines of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The surviving plants developed as mixoploids and were subsequently split down into single tillers and then classified as either diploid or tetraploid. The undoubled diploids of the treated material (C2x) were then self-pollinated and the seeds grown in the following generation (CT1) without any further treatment. In the CT1 generation comparisons were made between the C2x and the control 2x treatments within the same inbred lines, and heritable differences were found for leaf mesophyll cell plan areas and chloroplast numbers. The cell areas were significantly less in the C2x compared with the 2x treatment in four out of the five lines studied, and the chloroplasts numbers were likewise lower in two out of the five lines. In one line there was a significantly higher mean number of chloroplasts per cell in the C2x material compared with that of the 2x.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024130
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colchicine-induced heritable variation in cell size and chloroplast number in the leaf cells of inbred ryegrasses (Lolium perenne, L. multiflorum) (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 52 (1991), S. 39-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lolium multiflorum ; Italian ryegrass ; Lolium perenne ; perennial ryegrass ; cell size ; chloroplast number ; colchicine-induced changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A 3 hr period of treatment with a 0.2% aqueous solution of colchicine was given to one week old seedlings of 3 inbred lines of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and 4 lines of Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum). The surviving plants developed as mixoploids and were self-pollinated. In the following generation (CT1) the seeds were grown without further treatment, and were screened cytologically at the seedling stage to separate out diploids from tetraploids. Only the diploids were kept, and in this CT1 generation comparisons were then made between controls (2x) and colchicine-treated diploids (C2x) for leaf mesophyll cell size and chloroplast number variation. Heritable differences were found such that the cell plan areas and/or the numbers of chloroplasts per cell were significantly greater in the C2x compared with the 2x treatment in 3 and 5 out of the 7 lines. In each case there was enhancement of chloroplast numbers independently of the variation in cell size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037855
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenytoin-induced connective tissue growth in the rat (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 215 (1986), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rats were treated daily for 9 days with 100, 50, or 25 mg/kg phenytoin i.p. This treatment resulted in a significant increase in the thickness of the connective tissue capsules of the liver, spleen, and pancreas, and of the subepithelial connective tissue of the mesentery but not the epicardium or visceral pleura of the lung where exposure to the drug was via the vascular route. Many areas of connective tissue growth exhibited obvious proliferation of fibroblasts and in some areas contained seemingly large numbers of macrophages and an increase in vascularity. It was demonstrated by electron microscopy that the macrophages occasionally were seen in intimate contact with the fibroblasts.Our observations clearly showed that intraperitoneal exposure of visceral connective tissues of the rat to phenytoin rapidly resulted in a dose-related proliferation of that tissue. The presence of numerous macrophages leads to the suggestion that macrophage-derived growth factor could be responsible for the increased growth.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092150203
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular signal transduction mechanisms of rat epididymal spermatozoa and their relationship to motility and metabolism (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 38 (1994), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Cauda epididymidis ; Sperm activation ; Calcium ions ; Guanylate cyclase ; Adenylate cyclase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The role of intracellular signal transduction mechanisms in regulating the motility and metabolism of rat spermatozoa in undiluted caudal epididymal fluid (CEF) was examined. Samples of CEF containing immotile spermatozoa were exposed to drugs and other agents that either stimulate signal transduction pathways or mimic the action of their second messengers. Under these conditions, sperm motility in 25-30 nl of CEF was stimulated by calcium ions (Ca2+), N,2′ -O-dibutyryl-guanosine 3′:5′ -cyclic monophosphate (dibutryl cGMP), cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate (cAMP), N6,2′-O-dibutyryladenosine 3′:5′ -cyclic monophosphate (dibutyryl cAMP), 8-bromoadenosine 3′:5′ -cyclic monophosphate (8-bromo cAMP), caffeine, theophylline and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). Other agents such as magnesium ions (Mg2+), veratridine, phospholipase C (PLC), ionophore A23187, 1,2-dioctenoyl-sn-glycerol (DAG), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, phospholipase A2 (PLA2), arachidonic acid, and melittin did not significantly influence motility. In the presence of radiolabelled energy substrates, untreated (immotile) spermatozoa in samples of CEF utilised D-[U-14C]glucose and [1-14C]acetate as exogenous energy sources for oxidative metabolism. No detectable 14C-lactate was produced, and none of the drugs altered the rate of glycolytic or oxidative metabolism. The findings suggest that the motility of rat caudal epididymal spermatozoa is regulated by Ca2+ and the guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase pathways, but not through the PLC and PLA2 pathways. Also, their metabolism of exogenous substrate was uncoupled from the induction of motility, and their oxidative capacity exceeded the rate of flux of glucose-carbon through the glycolytic pathway. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080380113
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of low Mr Zona Pellucida binding proteins from boar spermatozoa and seminal plasma (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 33 (1992), S. 108-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Zona binding proteins ; Seminal plasma ; Fertilization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A group of low Mr (16 kDa - 23 kDa) glycoproteins on ejaculated boar spermatozoa have been shown to have high affinity for homologous zona pellucida glycoproteins (ZPGPs). These ZPGP binding proteins are derived from seminal plasma as shown by their absence from epididymal spermatozoa and their presence in seminal plasma as identified by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. They bind to ZPGPs by a polysulphate recognition mechanism similar to that found for proacrosin-ZPGP interactions. The haemagglutination activity of boar seminal plasma is also associated with these low Mr glycoproteins. It is suggested that they play a role in regulating the rate of sperm capacitation and survival in the female reproductive tract. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080330115
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigens on rat spermatozoa with a potential role in fertilization (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 25 (1990), S. 286-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibodies ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Eight monoclonal antibodies (McAbs), directed against antigens on rat cauda epididymal spermatozoa, were tested for their capacity to interfere with fertilization in vitro as a means of identifying molecules a potential role in sperm-egg recognition and fusion. Antigens recognized by the McAbs were visualized on live spermatozoa by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and characterized by immunoblotting. Five McAbs (designated 1B5, 2C4, 4B5, 5B1, and 8C4) recognized antigens specifically on the sperm acrosome and three (designated 2B1, 2D6, and 6B2) bound to the flagellum. Of the eight McAbs investigated, three (2B1, 2C4, and 6B2) were effective in blocking fertilization in vitro when added as culture supernalants to mixtures of sperm and eggs. McAb 6B2 was inhibitory due to its ability to agglutinate spermatozoa. McAbs 2B1 and 2C4 did not agglutinate capacitated spermatozoa, had no observable effect on motility, and yet blocked fertilization in a dose-dependent manner. McAb 2C4 did not give a reaction on immunoblots, but the 2B1 antigen was identified as an Mr 40 kD glycoprotein. McAb 2B1 appeared to block fertilization at the level of zona binding, whereas the effects of 2C4 were directed more against zone penetration and/or fusion with the vitellus. When sperm-egg complexes were stained with 2C4 or 2B1 McAbs and viewed by IIF, all spermatozoa that were attached to the zona showed fluorescence on the head. These results suggest that different antigens on the rat sperm head participate in different aspects of the fertilization process and that during capacitation there is either exposure of these antigens or else they migrate to their site of action from the flagellum.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080250311
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