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  • 1985-1989  (2)
  • 1955-1959
  • Lymphatic vessel  (1)
  • Postganglionic nerve fiber  (1)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nerve fibres and their terminals of the dura mater encephali of the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 175 (1987), S. 289-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Dura mater encephali ; Sensory receptors ; Nerve fibres ; Vascular bed ; Lymphatic vessel ; Nociception ; Headache
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The dura mater encephali of the rat is richly supplied by myelinated (A-axons) and unmyelinated (C-axons) nerve fibres. For the supratentorial part the main nerve supply stems from all three branches of the trigeminal nerve. Finally, 250 myelinated and 800 unmyelinated nerve fibres innervate one side of the supratentorial part. The vascular bed of the dura mater exhibits long postcapillary venules up to 200 μm in length with segments of endothelial fenestration. Lymphatic vessels occur within the dura mater. They leave the cranial cavity through the openings of the cribriform plate, rostral to the bulla tympani together with the transverse sinus, and the middle meningeal artery. The perineural sheath builds up a tube-like net containing the A- and C-axons. It is spacious in the parietal dura mater and dense at the sagittal sinus along its extension from rostral to caudal and at the confluence of sinuses. Terminals of both the A- and C-axons are of the unencapsulated type. Unencapsulated Ruffini-like receptors stemming from A-axons are found in the dural connective tissue at sites where superficial cerebral veins enter the sagittal sinus and at the confluence of sinuses. The terminations of single A-axons together with C-fibre bundles mix up in their final course in one Schwann cell to build up multiaxonal units or terminations (up to 15 axonal profiles). A morphological differentiation is made due to the topography of these terminations; firstly, in different segments of the vascular bed: postcapillary venule, venule, the sinus wall, lymphatic vessel wall, and secondly, within the dura mater: inner periosteal layer, collagenous fibre bundles of the meningeal layer and at the mesothelial cell layer of the subdural space.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309843
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Degeneration patterns of postganglionic fibers following sympathectomy (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 172 (1985), S. 133-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Wallerian degeneration ; Muscle nerve ; Postganglionic nerve fiber ; Ramus communicans griseus ; Sympathectomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In cats the time course of degeneration following lumbal sympathectomy was studied in the ramus communicans griseus (reg) and in the nerves to the triceps surae muscle using light and electron microscopic methods. The left lumbar sympathetic trunk including its rami communicantes was removed from L2 to S1 using a lateral approach. The animals were sacrificed between 2 and 48 days after the sympathectomy. Tissue samples were taken (a) one cm proximal to the entrance of the rcg into the spinal nerve, and (b) one cm proximal to the entrance of the nerve into the muscle belly. In the reg signs of degeneration can already be recognized in the myelinated as well as in the unmyelinated axons 48h after sympathectomy. The degenerative processes in the axons reach their peak activity at about 4 days p.o. They end a weck later. Signs of the reactions of the Schwann cells and of the endoneural cells can first be seen 2 days p.o. They are most pronounced around the 8th day p.o., and last at least up to the third week. Thereafter the cicatrization processes settled to a rather steady state (total observation period 7 weeks). In the muscle nerves the first signs of an axonal degeneration of the sympathetic fibers can be recognized 4 days after surgery. The signs of axonal degeneration are most striking about 8 days p.o. They have more or less disappeared another week later. The reactions of the Schwann cells also start on the fourth day but outlast the degenerative processes by some 8 days. Thus the degenerative and reactive processes in the reg precede those in the muscle nerves by 2 days early after surgery and by 6 days 3 weeks later. Seven weeks after surgery, fragments of folded basement lamella and Remak bundles with condensed cytoplasm and numerous flat processes are persisting signs of the degeneration. In addition to the differences in time course between the proximal and the distal site of observation, it was also noted that both the axonal degeneration and the reactions of the Schwann cells are more pronounced in the rcg than in the muscle nerve. For example there was abundant mitotic activity in the central endoneural and Schwann cells whereas we could not detect such activity in the periphery. It is concluded that the time course of degeneration and the intensity of the degenerative and reactive processes is, to a considerable extent, determined by the distance between the site of nerve section and the site from which the specimen is taken. Many of the conflicting data in the literature can be explained by this finding.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319596
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
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