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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Astrocyte ; Macrophage ; Lymphocyte ; Major histocompatibility complex antigens ; Cellular immunity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Frozen samples from 23 low grade (grade I and II) astrocytomas were studied by means of a panel of monoclonal antibodies to macrophages, lymphocytes (and their subsets) and HLA-DR antigens. Macrophages were present in low to moderate numbers in 38%–86% of cases, the variance in figures depending on the antibody used. T lymphocytes, the majority of CD8 phenotype, were detected in low numbers in 78% of tumours. B lymphocytes were scanty in 22% (5/22) and totally absent in the remaining cases. HLA-DR antigen was expressed by tumour cells in 35% (6/17) of cases. These findings indicate that in some low grade astrocytomas there is a mononuclear cell infiltrate with macrophages and secondarily CD8+lymphocytes playing the major role. The significance of these findings remains speculative at present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Astrocytoma ; Macrophage ; Lymphocyte ; Mononuclear cells ; Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Frozen samples from 92 malignant astrocytomas were stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against macrophages and lymphocytes. A follow-up to death was available on 68 cases which form the basis of this study. Large numbers of macrophages were found in all cases; T lymphocytes, mostly of the CD8 phenotype were also seen in moderate numbers in 70% of cases. CD4-positive cells were present in small numbers in 32% and B cells were seen in only 8% of cases. Analysis of the survival showed no demonstrable correlation between the numbers of macrophages or CD4 lymphocytes and survival. The survival curves for parencymal CD8 infiltration diverged after 9 months suggesting increased survival for those patients without such an infiltration but the difference failed to reach statistical significance (P=0.37). No correlation between lymphocytic cuffing and survival was seen after studying all paraffinembedded material. We conclude that there is no significant statistical correlation between survival and the various types of mononuclear cell infiltrating malignant astrocytomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 29 (1991), S. 441-446 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Bone conductivity ; Bone impedance ; Bone permittivity ; Cortical bone ; Femoral diaphysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A preliminary study is presented of the variability of the electric properties, in the axial, tangential and radial directions, as a function of position in the diaphysis of a femoral bovine bone. The measurements were carried out at three frequencies: 100 Hz, 10 kHz and 1 MHz. It is shown that both the conductivity and the permittivity exhibit significant variations along the diaphysis, and increase in magnitude towards the epiphyses. From this study, the variation of the electric properties cannot be clearly and directly ascribed to the longitudinal variability of the total volumetric fluid content of the bone. The results reflect the orthotropic nature of the electric properties, at any given location, and indicate a position-dependent tendency towards axis symmetry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 26 (1988), S. 313-316 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Bone conductivity ; Bone impedance ; Bone permittivity ; Diaphysis ; Epiphysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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