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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Medulloblastoma (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Medulloblastoma ; Immunohistology ; Primitive neuroectodermal tumour ; Brain tumour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fifty paraffin-embedded medulloblastomas (31 in children and 19 in adults) were reacted with a panel of ten antibodies to glial, neuronal, mesodermal and epithelial antigens. The tumours were divided according to their histological features into three groups: classic, desmoplastic and highly vascular. Reactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein was observed in 20 cases. Forty tumours reacted with PGP9.5 (neuronal marker) in clusters of poorly differentiated cells, cell cords and some scattered cells. Cells forming rosettes were mostly negative except for slight central reactivity. Eight of the 40 tumours contained neurofilaments. In scattered cells somatic reactivity for vimentin was found in 14 tumours. Ten cases showed positivity for S-100 with a nuclear and perinuclear pattern. No difference in reactivity in relation with age was observed. Desmoplastic medulloblastomas showed less reactivity for glial and neural markers. It was concluded that medulloblastoma shows degrees of differentiation as evidenced by the expression of various proteins. Differentiation occurs along two lines: glial and/or neuronal. Most tumours also contain a component of poorly differentiated cells which may differentiate into one of these two lines or act as primarily stem cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294380
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mononuclear cell infiltrate compared with survival in high-grade astrocytomas (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 189-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Astrocytoma ; Macrophage ; Lymphocyte ; Mononuclear cells ; Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Frozen samples from 92 malignant astrocytomas were stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against macrophages and lymphocytes. A follow-up to death was available on 68 cases which form the basis of this study. Large numbers of macrophages were found in all cases; T lymphocytes, mostly of the CD8 phenotype were also seen in moderate numbers in 70% of cases. CD4-positive cells were present in small numbers in 32% and B cells were seen in only 8% of cases. Analysis of the survival showed no demonstrable correlation between the numbers of macrophages or CD4 lymphocytes and survival. The survival curves for parencymal CD8 infiltration diverged after 9 months suggesting increased survival for those patients without such an infiltration but the difference failed to reach statistical significance (P=0.37). No correlation between lymphocytic cuffing and survival was seen after studying all paraffinembedded material. We conclude that there is no significant statistical correlation between survival and the various types of mononuclear cell infiltrating malignant astrocytomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688208
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Choroid plexus papillomas: an immunohistological study of 16 cases (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 15 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Eleven benign and five malignant choroid plexus papillomas in children and adults were studied immunohistologically with a panel of antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100 protein, vimentin, desmin, epithelial membrane antigen and two different cytokeratins (LP34 and CAM 5.2). Glial fibrillary acidic protein was focally present in epithelial tumour cells, in cells within solid areas and in clusters of cells within the stroma. S-100 protein was diffusely present in tumour cells with focal accentuation. Vimentin was present in all cases, the epithelial tumour cells demonstrating strong and diffuse positivity with perinuclear accentuation; malignant tumours, however, showed stronger positivity than benign ones. Desmin was negative in all tumours. Epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin (LP34) were demonstrated in four of five malignant tumours but were absent in the benign ones; CAM 5.2 reacted with four of five malignant tumours and also reacted with eight of the 11 benign ones. The significance of these findings is discussed in respect of the ontogeny of these tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1989.tb03041.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistological study of 66 ependymomas (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 13 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sixty-six ependymomas were examined immunohistologically to determine their distribution of glial fibrillary acidic proteins, S-100 protein and vimentin. The neoplasms were subdivided into four groups: (1) ependymomas from the cauda equina, predominantly of the myxopapillary type; (2) benign ependymomas; (3) malignant ependymomas; and (4) ependymoblastomas. Marked differences in antigen reactivity were observed between each group. The intensity of the reaction with the three antibodies was strongest in malignant ependymomas. Ependymomas from the cauda equina showed a patchy distribution of positivity for the three antigens in cells surrounding blood vessels but there was no staining of collagenous septa or the myxoid areas. In ependymoblastomas, the cells of the rosettes were negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, but there was focal positivity for vimentin and S-100. Other areas showed tumour cells containing moderate amounts of vimentin and small amounts of S-100, and a few bands of filaments positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein. The cytogenetic and biological implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1988.tb02060.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consensus on minimal criteria of clinical and neuropathological diagnosis of schizophrenia and affective disorders for post mortem research (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 102 (1995), S. 255-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Brain banking ; post mortem research ; schizophrenia ; affective disorders ; European consensus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sophisticated analysis of and growing information on the human brain requires that acquisition, dissection, storage and distribution of rare material are managed in a professional way. In this publication we present the consensus of the European work group 〉European Dementia and Schizophrenia Network〈, granted by the BIOMED I project of the EU, on minimal neuropathological and clinical requirements to include brains of patients with schizophrenia and affective disorders in post mortem studies. The description of clinical prerequisites in different EU countries and institutions is followed by a consensus on tissue handling, a consensus on minimal neuropathological criteria and a consensus on minimal clinical diagnostic criteria including clinical vignette, family, social, educational/professional and general medical histories, general physical history including neurostatus, neurological, psychiatric, medication and general pathological histories, psychostatus, laboratory tests and a history provided by family/health care giver questionaire. This publication should give help to interconnect different European brain bank centers on a basis of standarized protocols.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281160
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abstracts (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 104 (1997), S. 1127-1166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01273325
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptophysin in spinal anterior horn in aging and ALS: an immunohistological study (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 103 (1996), S. 1317-1329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Aging ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; synaptophysin ; brain aging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Aged-related spinal cord changes such as neuronal loss have been related to the degree of clinical severity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); morphological data on synapses are, however, wanting. Variations in synaptophysin (Sph) expression in aging and ALS were thus studied at the level of lower motor neurons in 40 controls with non-neurological diseases and 11 cases of ALS. Control sections of formalin fixed paraffin embedded cervical (C7/8), thoracic (T10) and lumbar spinal cord (L5) and C6, C7, C8 and L5 of ALS cases were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, luxol fast blue (LFB), and immunostained with a mouse monoclonal antibody against Sph. The neuropil of the anterior horn (AH) in all control cases demonstrated Sph positivity. A dot-like pattern of positivity of presynaptic terminals on soma of motor neurons and fine immunoreactivity along neuronal processes were observed. A significant reduction of Sph immunostaining was observed in the neuropil with increasing age and 3 different somatic patterns were seen: a-well preserved Sph reactivity around the soma and the proximal dendrites of histologically normal neurons; b-few chromatolytic neurons showing large numbers of dot-like presynaptic terminals around the cell body and in a “fused” pattern; c-intense, diffuse, and homogeneous reactivity of some neurons. Attenuation of Sph reactivity in the AH neuropil, to its complete loss, was observed in all ALS cases. In addition to patterns a-c, two additional microscopic findings were noted in ALS: d-chromatolytic neurons showing complete absence of Sph reactivity; e-absence of Sph reactivity around the soma and the proximal dendrites of histologically normal surviving neurons. Our findings demonstrate that there is a decrease in Sph immunostaining with aging, thus suggesting an alteration in dendritic networks of the AH with aging. Changes in the pattern of Sph immunoreactivity in cell bodies may represent synaptic plasticity and/or degeneration. Reinnervation may also be a possible mechanism as a response to neuronal loss in oldest control cases. Sph reactivity results may thus lend support to the presence of superimposed aging components in ALS cases which may give an insight into explaining the increasing severity of the disease which is encountered with advancing age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01271192
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of neuronal loss, astrocytosis and abnormalities of cytoskeletal components of large motor neurons in the human anterior horn in aging (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 105 (1998), S. 689-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Keywords: Aging ; motor neuron ; cytoskeletal abnormalities ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. In order to identify possible morphological changes which occur in the anterior horn of normal individuals during aging, 40 controls with no neurological disease were studied. Brain and spinal cord tissue was processed according to a brain banking protocol. Controls were grouped according to age in 10 year intervals. Serial sections (20 μm) of formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were obtained, from each cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord segment. Every 5th section (until 2mm) was stained with haematoxylin and eosin and the numbers of motor neurons in the anterior horn counted at ×400 magnification. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program. Parallel sections (5 μm) of the same spinal segments were immunostained with a panel of antibodies including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), tau, ubiquitin and two phosphorylated neurofilaments subunits. Significant neuronal loss with aging was found by regression line analysis where three equations were used to calculate the number of motor neurons by age in each spinal segment. In 24/40 cases spheroids were observed and they were more numerous in the lumbar segment. GFAP staining revealed a distinctive cellular pattern in the anterior horn of oldest cases. Large and intensely stained astrocytes were seen in the anterior horn of cases aged over 75 years. The number of astrocytes increased progressively with age up to 70 years. Some of the changes observed in the present study may be the result of a selective vulnerability of large motor neurons to aging which could play an important role in the progression of MND. Most of these changes may also have similar pathophysiological mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007020050088
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain lesions following combined treatment with methotrexate and craniospinal irradiation (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 10 (1991), S. 165-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: leucoencephalopaty ; Methotrexate ; central nervous system ; craniospinal irradiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eight patients with meningeal seeding by carcinoma or lymphomas were treated with intravenous (i.v.) and/or intrathecal (i.th.) Methotrexate (MTX). Seven patients received additional craniospinal irradiation and in all seven a fatal encephalopathy developed. On the bases of clinical and morphological findings we identified an acute and a delayed form of encephalopathy and concluded that the concurrent administration of Methotrexate and of craniospinal irradiation increases considerably the risk of brain damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146878
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