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  • 1990-1994  (3)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging  (2)
  • Atrial fibrillation  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Atrial fibrillation ; Cerebral embolism ; Rough endocardium ; Cardiac thrombosis ; Autopsy diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cardiac thrombosis due to atrial fibrillation (AF) has been recognized as the most common cause of cerebral embolism. However, sometimes no macroscopic thrombus is found at autopsy in the heart of a victim of this type of cerebral embolism. We investigated morphological changes in the left atrial endocardium of 31 patients (including 21 cases with AF) who had died of cerebral embolism. “Rough endocardium” (RE) seen macroscopically provided evidence for the existence of atrial thrombosis. The RE that appeared in AF cases was due to a granular and wrinkled appearance of the endocardium associated with oedematous and fibrous thickening. Fibrin-thread deposits were also always distinguishable. Mural thrombi and oedema with neutrophil infiltration in the subendocardium could be seen under the microscope. Small areas of endothelial denudation and thrombotic aggregations were commonly observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These SEM lesions were significantly more frequent in cases with AF than in controls (P〈 0.001). The diagnostic success rate for atrial thrombosis among cases with AF increased from 33.3% to 81% when thrombi proven by histological investigation of the areas with RE were added. Left atrial RE may be an anatomically relevant finding for the existence of atrial thrombosis with AF, when the thrombosis cannot be detected upon gross observation at autopsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Anterior spinal artery syndrome ; Cervical spinal cord ; Infarct ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Spinal angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cervical spinal cord lesions in the anterior spinal artery syndrome were delineated on magnetic resonance images (MRI) in four patients. The lesion was always seen anteriorly in the cervical cord. On T2-weighted images, the lesions appeared hyperintense relative to the normal spinal cord, while on T1-weighted images, two chronic lesions appeared hypointense, with local atrophy of the cord. In one case, repeated T1-weighted images showed no signal abnormality 4 days after the ictus, but the lesion became hypointense 18 days later, when contrast enhancement was also recognized after injection of Gd-DTPA; this sequence of intensity changes was similar to that of cerebral infarction. The extent of the lesion seen MRI correlated closely with neurological findings in all cases. Although the findings may not be specific, MRI is now the modality of choice for confirming the diagnosis in patients suspected of having an anterior spinal artery syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain-stem infarction ; Persistent trigeminal artery ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Cerebral angiography ; Vertebral artery occlusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 43-year-old male with a left hemiparesis due to brain-stem infarction associated with bilateral persistent trigeminal arteries is reported. The clinicopathological and radiographic significance of persistent carotid-basilar arterial anastomones in vertebrobasilar territory ischaemic attacks is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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