Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol as a reinforcer for rats: Effects of concurrent access to water and alternate positions of water and ethanol (1975)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 43 (1975), S. 19-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Ethanol Drinking ; Water-Ethanol Choice ; Concurrent Schedules ; Ethanol Concentration ; Ethanol Reinforcement ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Water and ethanol solutions were concurrently made available on a continuous reinforcement schedule to 4 food-deprived male albino rats during daily 1-hr sessions in an operant conditioning chamber equipped with 2 levers and 2 liquid dippers. The number of ethanol reinforcements substantially exceeded the number of water reinforcements for each rat at each concentration studied (8, 16, and 32% w/v). Water reinforcements were low in number and did not vary with ethanol concentration. As the ethanol concentration was increased, the number of ethanol reinforcements obtained decreased, while the quantity consumed (mg/100 g of body weight/hr) increased. The highest rate of responding occurred at the beginning of the session.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00437609
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid establishment of ethanol as a reinforcer for rats (1974)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 37 (1974), S. 311-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Rats ; Ethanol ; Ethanol Reinforcement ; Acquisition ; Schedule-Induced-Polydipsia ; Ethanol Concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Daily 6-h sessions were run during which each lever press by rats produced brief access to water, or to 8
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428917
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instrumental analysis of ethanol-induced intoxication in human males (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 89 (1986), S. 8-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Blood ethanol concentration ; Instrumental response ; Verbal behavior ; Time-effect relations ; Human subjects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A study was conducted to assess subjective reports of intoxication during the ascending phase of the plasma ethanol curve. Eighteen male social drinkers were divided into three groups and were given either placebo, 0.347 g/kg ethanol or 0.694 g/kg ethanol under double-blind conditions. Subjects reported levels of intoxication both instrumentally, by moving a joystick device, and verbally using an 11-point self-rating scale. Compared to placebo, ethanol produced significantly higher verbal self-rating scores, but there were no differences in the scores between the low-and high-dose ethanol groups. Instrumental responses of ethanol effects did, however, distinguish between the two ethanol treatments. All subjects who received ethanol reliably detected its effects when plasma ethanol levels reached 32 mg/dl, but only the subjects who received the high dose reported episodes of intense well-being or euphoria. Ethanol-induced euphoria occurred while plasma ethanol levels were rapidly rising, and was characterized by multiple, paroxysmal episodes that typically lasted about 3 min each. This study demonstrated that a continuously available instrumental response provided sensitive and reliable measures of rapidly changing behavioral states associated with ethanol-induced intoxication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175181
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An evaluation of the selectivity of fenmetozole (DH-524) reversal of ethanol-induced changes in central nervous system function (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 69 (1980), S. 149-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Fenmetozole ; Ethanol ; Aerial righting reflex ; Conflict behavior ; Guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate ; Physical dependence ; Physiological antagonism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The selectivity and specificity of fenmetozole (DH-524) [2(3,4-dichlorophenoxy-methy))2-imidazole HCl] as an antagonist of the actions of ethanol were examined. Fenmetozole (15–30 g/kg) reduced ethanol-induced impairment of the aerial righting reflex without changing blood or brain ethanol content, indicating that the antagonistic actions of fenmetozole were not due to change in the pharmacokinetics of ethanol. Since fenmetozole also reduced aerial righting reflex impairment due to phenobarbital, chlordiazepoxide, and halothane, this action of fenmetozole was not specific to ethanol. In mice, both the ethanolinduced increase in locomotor activity at 2.0 g/kg and the decrease caused by 4.0 g/kg were antagonized by fenmetozole. In addition, fenmetozole attenuated the ethanol-induced reduction in cerebellar cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) content, but the drug also significantly elevated cGMP levels in this tissue when given alone. Fenmetozole did not alter ethanolinduced increases in punished drinking in a conflict test, except at a high dose which alone decreased both punished and unpunished responding. Fenmetozole also failed to precipitate ethanol withdrawal-like reactions when given to physically-dependent, intoxicated rats. Thus, the antagonistic action of fenmetozole against ethanol would not seem to be related to a specific receptor interaction but rather may be the result of a physiological antagonism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427641
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors governing the vulnerability of DRL operant performance to the effects of ethanol (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 28 (1973), S. 351-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Operant Performance ; Dose-Response Analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of various doses of ethanol on DRL performance was examined in rats under conditions of cued and non-cued DRL tasks and under conditions of low versus high baseline performance criteria. The dose-level at which ethanol produced a significant reduction in number of responses and reinforcements interacted in a complex fashion with level of baseline performance, the cue conditions, and the order of DRL tasks. Generally, performance was impaired at a lower dose level for groups initially trained to a low criterion of DRL performance than for groups later trained to a higher criterion of DRL performance, regardless of cue condition. Further, the dose level at which ethanol impaired performance (as indicated by number of reinforcements obtained) under non-cued DRL conditions was lower than that for the cued DRL conditions, but only on the initial task where baseline DRL performance criterion was lower. Finally, the group with a higher baseline level of responding (i.e., poorer DRL performance) was more vulnerable to the disrupting effects of ethanol on this measure than groups with lower baseline response rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422755
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress responses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). XX. Transcriptional activation of phenylpropanoid pathway genes in elicitor-induced cell suspension cultures (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 30 (1996), S. 427-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: elicitation ; gene transcription ; isoflavonoid phytoalexins ; Medicago sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nuclear transcript run-on analysis was used to investigate the relative transcription rates of genes encoding enzymes of isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthesis and related pathways in elicitor-treated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cell suspension cultures. Genes encoding L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS) and chalcone reductase (CHR) were most rapidly activated, with increases in transcription measurable within 10–20 min after elicitation. Cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H), chalcone isomerase (CHI), isoflavone reductase (IFR) and caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes were also rapidly activated, but at a slower initial rate. Transcription of chalcone 2′-O-methyltransferase (CHOMT), and 1,3-β-D-glucanase genes was less rapid, with lag periods of 60 and 30 min post-elicitation, respectively. Treatment of cells with the PAL inhibitor L-α-aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic acid (AOPP) resulted in increased transcription of PAL, CHS and CHR, but reduced transcription of CHOMT, indicating a role for phenylpropanoid products as both negative and positive regulators of gene expression within the phenylpropanoid pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00049322
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence analysis of an alfalfa 25S rRNA (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 18 (1992), S. 1189-1190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Medicago sativa ; cell culture ; rRNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00047724
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress responses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) 11. Molecular cloning and expression of alfalfa isoflavone reductase, a key enzyme of isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthesis (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 653-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: fungal elicitor ; isoflavone reductase mRNA ; Medicago sativa ; phytoalexin biosynthesis ; stereochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The major phytoalexin in alfalfa is the isoflavonoid (−)-medicarpin (or 6aR, 11aR)-medicarpin. Isoflavone reductase (IFR), the penultimate enzyme in medicarpin biosynthesis, is responsible for introducing one of two chiral centers in (−)-medicarpin. We have isolated a 1.18 kb alfalfa cDNA (pIFRalf1) which, when expressed in Escherichia coli, converts 2′-hydroxyformononetin stereospecifically to (3R)-vestitone, as would be predicted for IFR from alfalfa. The calculated molecular weight of the polypeptide (35400) derived from the 954 bp open reading frame compares favorably to estimated M rs determined for IFR proteins purified from other legumes. The transcript (1.4 kb) is highly induced in elicited alfalfa cell cultures. The kinetics of induction are consistent with the appearance of IFR activity, the accumulation of medicarpin, and the observed induction of other enzymes in the pathway. Low levels of IFR transcripts were found in healthy plant parts (roots and nodules) which accumulate low levels of a medicarpin glucoside. IFR appears to be encoded by a single gene in alfalfa. The cloning of IFR opens up the possibility of genetic manipulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis in alfalfa by altering isoflavonoid stereochemistry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037051
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence analysis and developmental expression of an alfalfa protein disulfide isomerase (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 19 (1992), S. 319-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Medicago sativa ; cell culture ; protein disulfide isomerase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027354
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of isoflavonoid metabolism in alfalfa (1994)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 38 (1994), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Glomus versiforme ; isoflavone reductase ; medicarpin ; Medicago sativa ; phytoalexin ; Phoma medicaginis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Isoflavonoids are believed to play important roles in plant-microbe interactions. During infection of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) leaves with the fungal pathogen Phoma medicaginis, rapid increases in mRNA levels and enzyme activities of isoflavone reductase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase and other defense genes are observed within 1 to 2 hours. The phytoalexin medicarpin and its antifungal metabolite sativan increase beginning at 4 and 8 hours, respectively, along with other isoflavonoids. In contrast, during colonization of alfalfa roots by the symbiotic mycorrhizal fungus Glomus versiforme, expression of the general phenylpropanoid and flavonoid genes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase increases while mRNA levels for the phytoalexin-specific isoflavone reductase decrease. The total isoflavonoid content of colonized roots increases with time and is higher than that of uninoculated roots, but the accumulation of the antifungal medicarpin is somehow suppressed. An isoflavone reductase genomic clone has been isolated, promoter regions have been fused to the reporter gene β-glucuronidase, and the promoter-reporter fusions have been transformed into tobacco and alfalfa. Using histological staining, we have studied the developmental and stress-induced expression of this phytoalexin-specific gene in whole plants at a more detailed level than other methods allow. The isoflavone reductase promoter is functional in tobacco, a plant which does not synthesize isoflavonoids. Infection of transgenic alfalfa plants by Phoma causes an increase in β-glucuronidase staining, as does elicitation of transgenic alfalfa cell cultures, indicating that this promoter fusion is a good indicator of phytoalexin biosynthesis in alfalfa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033879
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...