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  • 36.40  (3)
  • Menschliches Gewebe  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 104 (1991), S. 67-69 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Triazolam ; Estazolam ; Capillary GC/NPD ; Human tissue ; Forensic toxicology ; Triazolam ; Estazolam ; Kapillar-Gaschromatographie/NPD ; Menschliches Gewebe ; Forensische Toxikologie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine zuverlässige und empfindliche Methode wurde entwickelt, um die Konzentrationen des hypnotischen Medikaments Triazolam in menschlichen Geweben, einschließlich fauler Gewebe bestimmen zu können. Die Methode besteht aus einer dreistufigen Flüssig-Flüssig-Extraktion, einem Clean up an Kieselgel und Gaschromatographie mit einem Stickstoff-PhosphorDetektor und einer Kapillarsäule. Als interner Standard wurde Estazolam benutzt. Die Eichkurve war im Konzentrationsbereich zwischen 1 ng/g und 1 gg/g linear, und die untere Nachweisgrenze betrug 0.5 ng/g. Es wurde eine forensische Untersuchung über die toxikologischen Effekte von Triazolam an faulem Gewebe durchgeführt.
    Notes: Summary A reliable and sensitive method has been developed to assess the concentrations of the hypnotic drug triazolam in human tissues, including putrefied tissues. The method involves a 3-step solvent extraction, cleanup on a silica gel column and gas chromatography using a nitrogen phosphorus detector and a capillary column. Estazolam was used as an internal standard. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range 1 ng/g1 gm/g and the lower limit of detection was 0.5 ng/g. A forensic study was performed on the toxicological effects of triazolam using putrefied tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Nicotine ; Cotinine ; Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ; Human Tissue ; Distribution ; Smokers' level ; Nikotin ; Cotinin ; Gaschromatographie/Massenspektrometrie ; Menschliches Gewebe ; Verteilung ; Tabakraucher
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur gleichzeitigen Bestimmung von Nikotin und Cotinin in verschiedenen Körpergeweben wurde eine zuverlässige und sensitive Methode mittels der Kapillar-Gas-Chromatographie/Massenspektrometrie entwickelt. Nikotin und Cotinin wurden durch einen 3-stufigen Extraktionsvorgang mit Chinolin als internem Standard isoliert und die Quantifizierung mittels der single ion monitoring-Technik durchgeführt, wobei für Nikotin das Ion m/z 133, für Cotinin m/z 176 und für Chinolin m/z 129 verwendet wurde. Die Detektionsgrenze lag in allen Geweben für Nikotin bei 5 ng/g und für Cotinin bei 10 ng/g, die Kalibrierung erbrachte lineare Verhältnisse im Bereich von 5–1.200 ng/g für Nikotin und im Bereich von 10–1.500 ng/g für Cotinin. Die Genauigkeit und Präzision der Methode wurde an verschiedenen Körpergeweben ausreichend bewiesen. Die Verteilung der beiden Verbindungen in verschiedenen Geweben wurde in 10 Fällen bestimmt. Die festgestellten Nikotinspiegel lagen hierbei bei Konzentrationen, die bei üblichen Tabakrauchern gemessen werden. Hohe Nikotinspiegel wurden in Leber, Niere, Milz und Lunge, niedrige Konzentrationen im Fettgewebe festgestellt. Die Cotinin-Konzentration lag in der Leber am höchsten. Das Gewebe-Blut-Verteilungsverhältnis für Nikotin und Cotinin war im Skelettmuskelgewebe am konstantesten, wobei die Konzentrationen hier jeweils nahe an den Konzentrationen im Blut lagen. Der Skelettmuskel ist somit das geeignetste Gewebe für toxikologische Untersuchungen, wenn die Asservierung von Blut nicht möglich ist.
    Notes: Summary A reliable and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine concentrations in various human tissues was developed using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Nicotine and cotinine were extracted using a 3-step solvent extraction procedure and quinoline as an internal standard. Quantification was carried out by single ion monitoring using ions of m/z 133 for nicotine, m/z 176 for cotinine and m/z 129 for quinoline. The lower limit of detection was 5 ng/g for nicotine and 10 ng/g for cotinine, in each tissue sample. The calibration curves of various tissues were linear in the concentration range from 5–1,200 ng/g for nicotine and 10–1,500 ng/g for cotinine. The accuracy and precision of this method were examined using human tissues and the results were satisfactory. The distribution of nicotine and cotinine was measured in tissues from 10 human autopsies. Nicotine was detected in every tissue examined at a level seen in habitual smokers. The nicotine concentration was high in the liver, kidney, spleen and lung, and low in adipose tissue. The cotinine level was highest in the liver. The tissue/blood concentration ratios of nicotine and cotinine were most stable in skeletal muscle, where the level of these drugs was close to that in whole blood. Skeletal muscle is, therefore, considered to be the most suitable tissue sample for toxicological examination, when acquisition of blood samples is not feasible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (1993), S. 367-369 
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 33.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Photoelectron spectra of (CO2)nH2O− (2≤n≤8) and (CO2)n(H2O) 2 − (1≤n≤2) were measured at the photon energy of 3.49 eV. The spectra show unresolved broad features, which are approximated by Gaussians. The vertical detachment energies (VDEs) were determined as a function of the cluster size. For (CO2)nH2O−, the VDE-n plots exhibit a sharp discontinuity between n=3 and 4; the VDE value is ≈3.5 eV at n=3, while it drops down abruptly to 2.59 eV at n=4. This discontinuity in VDE is ascribed to "core switching" at n=4; a C2O 4 − dimer anion forms the core of (CO2)nH2O− for n≤3, while a monomer CO 2 − is the core for n≥4. The (CO2)2(H2O) 2 − ion has a VDE of 2.33 eV, indicating the presence of a CO 2 − monomer core in the binary clusters containing two H2O molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 12 (1989), S. 291-292 
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 34.50.H ; 34.80.D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Van der Waals clusters of various molecules were collisionally ionized by high-Rydberg rare gas atoms and slow electrons. Negative cluster ions thus produced were detected by mass spectroscopy. The ionization mechanism were investigated by measurements of the size- and the energy-dependences of the electron attachment cross sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 20 (1991), S. 153-155 
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 33.80 ; 33.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The absolute cross section for photodissociation of Ar2N 2 + was measured as a function of wavelength in the 470–550 nm range. A structureless broad band was observed; the cross section has a maximum of ∼ 210 × 10−18 cm2 at ∼ 500 nm. The measurement of the photofragment time-of-flight spectrum shows that(1) N 2 + , Ar+ and Ar 2 + are produced in the photodissociation of Ar2N 2 + in the wavelength range studied, and that(2) the observed visible absorption band is ascribable to a parallel-type transition of Ar2N 2 + , which possibly retains a linear geometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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