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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Cisatracurium ; Muskelrelaxanzien ; Stereoisomer ; Histaminfreisetzung ; Tryptasebestimmung ; Key words Cisatracurium ; Muscle relaxants ; Histamine release ; Serumtryptase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Cisatracurium (51W89, Nimbex, Glaxo-Wellcome), an intermediate-acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, is a stereoisomer of atracurium. Histamine releasing propensities and serum tryptase level have been investigated after administration of cisatracurium (3×ED95, 5×ED95) or vecuronium (3×ED90) in surgical patients. Methods: After approval by our institutional review board, 62 patients (ASA I–II) were randomly assigned to three groups to receive either 3×ED95 or 5×ED95 cisatracurium, or 3×ED90 vecuronium as a rapid bolus. A prick test was done the day before by scarification of the skin in the forearm. After premedication with 2 mg lormetazepam, anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone (4–12 mg/kg) and maintained with O2/N2O and isoflurane (1.5–2 vol.%). Six minutes after thiopentone, the patients received the relaxant, and after further 6 min 0.1–0.2 mg fentanyl was given and the trachea was intubated. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were monitored every minute. Blood samples for histamine were withdrawn 5 min prior 3 and 5 min after each drug administration (thiopentone, relaxants). Plasma histamine was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) with a sensitivity of approximately 10 pg/ml. Additionally, serum tryptase was measured by RIA at baseline (−10 and −1 min) and 15 and 60 min after the relaxant administration. Levels for histamine 〉1000 pg/ml and for tryptase 〉2 µg/ml were considered significant. Cutaneous signs of histamine release were documented. Results: Ten patients showed a positive prick-test reaction. Only after thiopentone some cutaneous signs (4 flush, 1 erythema) of histamine release were observed. There were no cutaneous signs of histamine release correlating with cardiovascular changes. Analysis of the blood samples demonstrated no significant increase in the histamine level in all three groups. Only in 1 patient was a significant higher histamine level (1133 pg/ml) measured 5 min after 5×ED95 cisatracurium. All measurements of serum tryptase were within the physiological limits. Discussion: In this study, with the particular time course of drug administration, neither cisatracurium nor vecuronium increased plasma histamine levels. Only after 5×ED95 cisatracurium was 1 elevated histamine level documented after 5 min. In several studies increased histamine levels have been described, but without clinical manifestations. It is known that cutaneous signs can occur without increased plasma histamine levels due to the structural heterogeneity of mast cells. The cutaneous reactions in this study were caused by thiopentone. The tryptase values were within normal limits even in the patient with histamine release. No relationship between the positive results in the prick test and the incidence of cutaneous reactions and/or histamine release for drugs used in the induction of anaesthesia was observed. Whether cisatracurium has a potential for immunologic release is unknown.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Häufigkeit kutaner Reaktionen, Plasmahistamin- und Tryptasespiegel nach 0,15 mg/kg (3×ED95) oder 0,25 mg/kg (5×ED95) Cisatracurium [51W89] oder 0,15 mg/kg (3×ED90) Vecuronium wurden während der Narkoseeinleitung an 62 Patienten im Alter von 18–65 Jahren (ASA-II) untersucht. Methode: Im Rahmen der Prämedikationsvisite wurde ein standardisierter Prick-Test durchgeführt. Nach der Narkoseinduktion mit Thiopental (4–12 mg/kg) erhielten die Patienten 6 min später binnen 5–10 s das jeweilige Relaxans und 6 min später 0,1 mg–0,2 mg Fentanyl. Blutentnahmen zur Bestimmung des Plasmahistamins (Radioimmunoassay) erfolgten 10 min vor der Prüfsubstanz als Nullwert sowie 3 bzw. 5 min nach Thiopental sowie der Prüfsubstanz. 10 min und 1 min vor sowie 15 und 60 min nach der initialen Verabreichung des Relaxans sind venöse Blutproben für die Serumtryptase (RIA) entnommen worden. Die Dokumentation kutaner Reaktionen erfolgte über die gesamte Einleitungszeit. Ergebnisse: Nach Thiopental wurden 5 kutane Reaktionen (1×Erythem, 4×Flush) beobachtet. Der Histaminbasalwert aller Patienten betrug 232,3 pg/ml±120,5 pg/ml. Die Applikation der jeweiligen Prüfsubstanz führte im Mittel nicht zu einem signifikanten Histaminanstieg. Lediglich ein Patient zeigte nach der 5fachen ED95 51W89 einen Wert von 1133 pg/ml (5 min) ohne klinisches Korrelat. Eine Erhöhung der Serumtryptase trat in keinem Fall auf. Im Prick-Test fand sich trotz einer positiven Reaktion bei 10 Patienten kein Zusammenhang zu den kutanen Reaktionen und dem Histaminanstieg. Fazit: Cisatracurium kann aufgrund der uns bisher vorliegenden Ergebnisse als mittellang wirkendes nicht depolarisierendes Muskelrelaxans ohne histaminassoziierte kardiovaskuläre Veränderungen eingeschätzt werden. Weitere Untersuchungen mit einer klinisch relevanten Einleitungsphase sind erforderlich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 45 (1996), S. 1024-1029 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Stereoisomerie ; Muskelrelaxanzien ; Cisatracurium ; kardiovaskuläre Effekte ; Key words Stereoisomerie ; Muscle relaxant ; Cisatracurium ; Cardiovascular effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Cisatracurium – one of the ten stereoisomers of atracurium – is an intermediate long-acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. Cardiovascular reactions have been described after administration of cisatracurium or vecuronium in surgical patients. Methods. After approval by our institutional review board, 62 patients (ASA I–II) were randomly assigned to three groups to either receive 3×ED95 or 5×ED95 of cisatracurium or 3×ED90 of vecuronium prior to intubation as a bolus. After oral premedication with 2 mg lormetazepam anaesthesia was induced with thiopental (4–12 mg/kg) and maintained with O2/N2O and isoflurane (1.5%–2%). Six minutes after administration of thiopental, patients received the muscle relaxant. Six minutes later 0.1–0.2 mg fentanyl was given and the trachea was intubated. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were monitored every minute. Changes of heart rate or blood pressure 〉20% compared to baseline were defined as clinically significant. Results. After application of the study drug, median values of blood pressure and heart rate were stable. For each muscle relaxant, there were several patients who had statistically significant cardiovascular changes. After 3×ED95 cisatracurium, 3 of 21 patients exhibited haemodynamic changes 〉20% (2 exhibited hypotension and 1 tachycardia), while in the high-dose cisatracurium group 2 of 21 patients demonstrated a tachycardia that was predetermined to be statistically but not clinically significant. In the vecuronium group, 2 of 20 patients sustained statistically significant hypotension and 1 patient had statistically significant tachycardia. The frequency of all individual cardiovascular changes after the application of the muscle relaxant was not dose-dependent. Conclusion. After the administration of cisatracurium in two different doses (3×ED95 and 5×ED95) or vecuronium (3×ED90) only minor cardiovascular changes were observed. Both drugs proved to be safe for use during induction of anaesthesia in patients ASA I–II. With regard to its cardiovascular effects, cisatracurium shares with vecuronium the requirements of an ideal muscle relaxant.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer randomisierten, doppelblinden Studie wurden bei insgesamt 62 Patienten (ASA I–II) die Veränderungen von Blutdruck und Herzfrequenz nach Bolusapplikation von Cisatracurium (0,15 mg/kg oder 0,25 mg/kg) im Vergleich zu Vecuronium (0,15 mg/kg) untersucht. Die Narkoseinduktion erfolgte mit Thiopental (4–12 mg/kg) und wurde mit N 2 O/O 2 sowie Isofluran (1,5–2,5 Vol.-%) aufrechterhalten. Sechs Minuten nach Thiopental erhielten die Patienten binnen 5–10 s das jeweilige Relaxans. Blutdruck und Herzfrequenz wurden minütlich registriert und Abweichungen 〉20% des Ruhewerts als individuell bedeutsam gewertet. Nach Applikation der jeweiligen Prüfsubstanz zeigte sich in allen drei Patientengruppen eine Stabilität von Blutdruck und Herzfrequenz. Die maximalen individuellen Veränderungen der hämodynamischen Parameter (auch 〈/ 〉20%) blieben stets im physiologischen Bereich. Eine statistische Signifikanz oder Dosisabhängigkeit der hämodynamischen Veränderungen nach der jeweiligen Prüfsubstanz konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. Hinsichtlich der hämodynamischen Stabilität zeigte Cisatracurium vergleichbare Eigenschaften wie Vecuronium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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