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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Pulse oximetry ; Oxygen saturation ; Heart rate ; Patent ductus arteriosus ; Newborn infant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical applicability of pulse oximetry to measure haemoglobin oxygen saturation and heart rate in the first 20 min of life and to analyse the effect of pre- or postductal (hand, respectively, foot) fixation of sensors on oxygen saturation. Measurements were carried out on 53 newborn infants selected at random after delivery by caesarean section. Signal detection occurred significantly faster from the hand (50% after 1.3 min, 90% after 4 min) than from the foot (50% after 3.1 min, 90% after 9 min). Both fixation sites showed equally great sensitivity to motion. The heart rates from pulse oximetry recordings were up to 30% lower than those from ECG recordings. Saturation values from the hand were nearly always higher than those from the foot (median difference in the 5th min was 10%; between the 5th and 10th min it was 7%; no significant difference occurred after the 17th min). We conclude that pulse oximetry can be used for documenting oxygenation and right-to-left shunting in newborn infants during the first minutes of life in spite of limitations due to incomplete pulse wave detection and artifacts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 123-128 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Aminophylline ; Cerebral blood volume ; Cytochrome c oxidase ; Near infrared spectroscopy ; Newborn infant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of aminophylline on cerebral blood volume and oxidative metabolism in newborn infants was investigated with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Thirteen mechanically ventilated premature infants who received aminophylline to facilitate weaning from the respirator were selected. Gestational age ranged between 26 and 34 weeks, postnatal age between 1 and 7 days and birth weight between 760 and 2300 g. A bolus of 6 mg aminophylline/kg body weight was infused within 2 min. NIRS was performed continuously across the head to monitor changes in cerebral blood volume and cytochrome c oxidase. Heart rate, transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (tcpCO2) and arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2) were recorded simultaneously. The infusion of aminophylline was associated with an increase in heart rate (median 12, interquartile range 5–20 beats per min,P=0.0004) and a drop in tcpCO2 (median −0.4, interquartile range −0.1 to −0.5 kPa,P=0.015). Oxygen saturation remained stable (±3%). A decrease in cerebral blood volume was measured with NIRS in 9/13 patients (median −0.15 ml/100g brain tissue, interquartile range +0.08 to −0.28,P=0.10). Oxidized cytochrome c oxidase decreased in 11/13 patients (median −0.27 μmol/l, interquartile range −0.19 to −0.44,P=0.01). Our findings demonstrate an immediate step-response of heart rate and tcpCO2 to aminophylline in premature infants. The simultaneous reduction of cytochrome c oxidase in the brain cannot be explained as a consequence of changes in tcpCO2 or changes in cerebral blood volume. We therefore speculate that aminophylline interferes directly with cerebral metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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