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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Ft ; 25.70.Np ; 27.40.+Z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract At the projectile-fragment separator FRS of GSI, relativistic secondary beams of about 520 MeV/nucleon were produced by fragmentation of a primary beam of58Ni at 650 MeV/nucleon in a beryllium target. By means of aΔE—Bρ—TOF measurement, the fragments have been identified and their charge-changing probabilities in targets of CH2, C, Al, and Pb have been determined. We describe the results for the total charge-changing cross sections in this first paper, whereas a second article deals with the partial charge-changing cross sections. At the drip line, the measured charge-changing cross sections exhaust close to 100% of the total interaction cross sections as calculated with semiempirical models. The measurements at the proton drip line with low-Z targets indicate that only a very small increase of the cross sections may be observed, whereas the measurements with a lead target show that no significant increase of the total charge-changing cross sections is present which would be a hint for low-lying dipole strength. Our experimental data are compared to Glauber-type calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Ft ; 25.70.Np ; 27.40.+z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract At the projectile-fragment separator FRS of GSI, relativistic secondary beams of about 520 MeV/nucleon were produced by fragmentation of a primary beam of58Ni at 650 MeV/nucleon in a beryllium target. By means of aΔE—Bρ—TOF measurement, the fragments were identified and their charge-changing probabilities in targets of (CH2) n , C, Al, and Pb placed at the exit of the FRS were determined. Whereas a first article dealt with the total charge-changing cross sections, we describe in this second article the element distributions of these secondary fragments, which are found to depend strongly on the isospin of the secondary projectile as well as on the target material. In the case of the lead target, the influence of the electromagnetic dissociation is clearly visible in the one-proton and two-proton removal channels. The preference for the formation of even-Z fragments is much more pronounced for exotic secondary projectiles than for projectiles close to stability. Calculations with a geometrical abrasion-ablation model allow to understand the global features of the experimental data. However, far from stability, the discrepancies between calculations and experimental data increase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Photosynthesis models ; Photoinduced electron transfer ; Porphyrin-quinone cyclophanes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: To study the structure dependence of photoinduced electron transfer between porphyrins and quinones the concept of a new family of porphyrin-quinone cyclophanes with vertical arrangements of porphyrin and quinone units is presented. The syntheses of the quinone-porphyrin-quinone cyclophane 1, the prototype of this series, and of the quinone-porphyrindonor cyclophanes 12 and 14 are described. Spectroscopic data are discussed with regard to the structures involved and in relation to electron-transfer reactions occurring in these systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 223-229 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Porphyrin-quinone cyclophanes ; Photoinduced electron transfer ; Absorption and emission spectra of porphyrin-quinone cyclophanes ; Photosynthesis models ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Syntheses and spectroscopic properties of the porphyrin-quinone cyclophanes 1, 2 and 3 of which structural and/or conformational studies have recently reported[1] are described. Physical properties related to photoinduced electron-transfer reactions like redox potentials, absorption and emission spectra were determined for these compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Isoalloxazinophanes ; Flavins ; π Donors ; π Acceptors ; Quinones ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: To study π…π interactions of flavins of different redox states with π-electron donors and acceptors, the syntheses of compounds in which such π systems are linked to flavins by using the „cyclophane concept“ were attempted and partially achieved. The syntheses of the metacyclo-isoalloxazinophanes 1 and 2 are reported as well as the X-ray structure analysis of 2. The conversion of 1 or 2 to the benzoquinono-isoalloxazinophanes 3 or 4, respectively, was not achieved, obviously due to the specific sterical shielding of the methoxy groups in the isoalloxazinophanes. Benzoquinone-isoalloxazine systems in which the two components are linked by only one triethylene chain were obtained. Spectroscopic and electrochemical properties related to intramolecular interactions are reported.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Intramolecular electron donor-acceptor interactions ; [3.3]- and [4.4]Cyclophanes of pyrene and 1,4;5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide ; Charge transfer ; Through-space interactions ; UV/Vis spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electron donor-acceptor cyclophanes 1 and 2, consisting of pyrene as the donor component and 1,8;4,5-naphthalenete-tracarboxdiimide as the acceptor component fixed by methylene chains in parallel face-to-face orientations, have been synthesized. The structures, based on an X-ray analysis of 1 and on spectroscopic properties, are discussed with reference to intramolecular charge-transfer interactions and are compared to those of the related excimer models [3.3]- and [4.4]pyrenophanes 3 and 4.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Photoinduced electron-transfer, distance dependence ; Naphthalene-spacered porphyrin-quinone cyclophanes ; Synthesis, conformations, structural analysis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Syntheses, conformational and structural analyses of porphyrin-quinone cyclophanes 2 with naphthalene-spacers are presented and the findings are compared with data for previously investigated analogous benzene-spacered compounds 1. In combination with data for the biphenylene- and anthracene-spacered porphyrin-quinone cyclophanes 3 and 4, to be published in following papers, the results reported herein allow some appraisal to be made of the distance dependences of photoinduced electron-transfer from porphyrin to quinone units.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 886-898 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: [2.2](2,7)Pyrenophane as an Excimer Model: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1258-1269 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electron-Donor-Acceptor Compounds, XXI. - Intramolecular Quinhydrones with [2.2.2.2](1,2,4,5)Cyclophane Structure
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Electron Donor-Acceptor Compounds, XXVII.  -  Quinhydrones of the [4.4]Paracyclophane SeriesIn the context of the determination of the distance and orientation dependence of charge-transfer interactions the diastereomeric quinhydrones 5 and 6 of the [4.4]paracyclophane series were prepared. Cyclisation of 1,4-bis(3-bromopropyl)-2,5-dimethoxybenzene with 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzenedimethanethiol yielded the diastereomeric dithia[5.5]paracyclophanes 9/10 which, via the corresponding disulfones 11/12, were converted into the 6,9,16,19-tetramethoxy-[4.4]paracyclophanes 7/8. The stereoisomers 7/8, as well as the pairs of diastereomers 9/10 and 11/12. have been separated; experiments on thermal isomerisation are reported. The assignment of 7/8 to the pseudoortho and pseudogeminal constitution was established by an X-ray structure analysis of 7 the molecular structure of which is discussed. Oxidative demethylation of 7 and 8 yielded the diastereomeric quinhydrones 5 and 6. Charge-transfer absorptions of these compounds are compared with those of the corresponding [3.3]paracyclophane quinhydrones 3b and 4b and are discussed under the aspect of the specific conformational situation present in the [4.4]paracyclophane system.
    Notes: Zur Untersuchung der Abstands- und Orientierungsabhängigkeit der Charge-Transfer-Wechsel-wirkungen wurden die diastereomeren Chinhydrone 5 und 6 der [4.4]Paracyclophan-Rehe synthetisiert. Die Cyclisierung von 1,4-Bis(3-brompropyl)-2,5-dimethoxybenzol mit 2,5-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoldimethanthiol ergab die diastereomeren Dithia[5.5]paracyclophane 9/10, die über die entsprechenden Disulfone 11/12 in die 6,9,16,19-Tetramethoxy[4.4]paracyclophane 7/8 über-führt wurden. Ebenso wie die Diastereomeren-Paare 9/10 und 11/12 lieβen sich auch 7/8 in die Stereoisomeren trennen; über Isomerisierungsversuche wird berichtet. Die Zuordnung von 7/8 zur pseudoortho- und pseudogeminalen Reihe geschah durch Röntgen-Strukturanalyse von 7, für das die Molekülstruktur diskutiert wird. Oxidative Demethylierung von 7 und 8 diastereomeren Chinhydrone 5 und 6. Die Charge-Transfer-Absorptionen dieser Verbindungen werden mit denen der entsprechenden [3.3]Paracyclophan-Chinhydrone 3b und 4b verglichen und unter dem Gesichtspunkt der im [4.4]Paracyclophan-System vorliegenden besonderen Konformationsverhältnisse diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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