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  • Organic Chemistry  (13)
  • ARDS  (2)
  • Akute Pankreatitis  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 909-915 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Acute pancreatitis ; Necrotizing pancreatitis ; Octreotide ; Treatment ; Systemic complications ; SIRS ; ARDS ; Circulatory shock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract   Objective: To determine the efficiency of intravenous infusion of octreotide in the treatment of patients with severe pancreatitis and pulmonary failure. Design: Prospective, case–control study. Setting: Intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patients: Treatment group: 39 patients with necrotizing pancreatitis were selected for the study. In all, pulmonary failure developed under conservative treatment and surgical intervention had been necessary because of local (abscess, necrosis) or systemic (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) complications. The outcome was prospectively followed up until death or discharge from the hospital. Control group: 54 case–control matched patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis and pulmonary failure, who had not been treated with octreotide. Intervention: Each patient in the treatment group received 100 μg intravenous octreotide three times daily for 10 days, in addition to the standard intensive care therapy. Results: The groups (octreotide group, control group) were highly comparable with regard to age (mean age: 54, 51 years), sex, severity of illness (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score: 27, 27), etiology of pancreatitis, and pretreatment at the time of admission to the intensive care unit. There was no difference in the development of renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, hemostatic, neurologic, or local complications. But the frequency of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (18 vs 40%; p〈0.05) and circulatory shock (51 vs 87%; p〈0.05) was significantly lower in the treatment group. Furthermore, mortality was 26% (10 of 39 patients) in the octreotide group and 61% (33 of 54 patients) in the control group (p〈0.01). Conclusion: The results of our case–control study showed a beneficial effect of octreotide in patients with severe necrotizing pancreatitis and pulmonary failure. Based on these data, a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study should be performed to evaluate these results.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 909-915 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Acute pancreatitis ; Necrotizing pancreatitis ; Octreotide ; Treatment ; Systemic complications ; SIRS ; ARDS ; Circulatory shock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To determine the efficiency of intravenous infusion of octreotide in the treatment of patients with severe pancreatitis and pulmonary failure. Design Prospective, case-control study. Setting Intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patients Treatment group: 39 patients with necrotizing pancreatitis were selected for the study. In all, pulmonary failure developed under conservative treatment and surgical intervention had been necessary because of local (abscess, necrosis) or systemic (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) complications. The outcome was prospectively followed up until death or discharge from the hospital. Control group: 54 case-control matched patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis and pulmonary failure, who had not been treated with octreotide. Intervention Each patient in the treatment group received 100 μg intravenous octreotide three times daily for 10 days, in addition to the standard intensive care therapy. Results The groups (octreotide group, control group) were highly comparable with regard to age (mean age: 54, 51 years), sex, severity of illness (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score: 27, 27), etiology of pancreatitis, and pretreatment at the time of admission to the intensive care unit. There was no difference in the development of renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, hemostatic, neurologic, or local complications. But the frequency of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (18 vs 40%;p〈0.05) and circulatory shock (51 vs 87%;p〈0.05) was significantly lower in the treatment group. Furthermore, mortality was 26% (10 of 39 patients) in the octreotide group and 61% (33 of 54 patients) in the control group (p〈0.01). Conclusion The results of our case-control study showed a beneficial effect of octreotide in patients with severe necrotizing pancreatitis and pulmonary failure. Based on these data, a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study should be performed to evaluate these results.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 382 (1997), S. 367-372 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Procalcitonin ; Clinical application ; Sepsis ; Acute pancreatitis ; Schlüsselwörter Prokalzitonin ; Klinische Applikation ; Sepsis ; Akute Pankreatitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Prokalzitonin (PCT) ist ein Protein, welches bei systemischen Infektionen mit Bakterien, Pilzen und Protozoen in erhöhter Konzentration im Blut nachgewiesen werden kann. Bei operativen Traumen steigt PCT im Gegensatz zu den klassischen Akute-Phase-Proteinen, wie C-reaktivem Protein oder Interleukin-6, nicht oder nur marginal an. Somit ist es möglich, mit Hilfe eines Laborparameters systemische Infektionen postoperativ zu erkennen. In dieser Arbeit werden aus heutiger Sicht die vermuteten Induktionsmechanismen der PCT-Synthese durch Zytokine und bakterielle Endotoxine dargestellt. Außerdem werden klinische Anwendungen der PCT-Messung mit Beispielen aus der Abdominal- und Transplantationschirurgie vorgestellt. In eigenen Untersuchungen konnten wir am Aufnahmetag bei 8 Patienten mit nekrotisierender Pankreatitis einen PCT-Mittelwert von 6,9 ng/ml messen. Weitere 7 Patienten mit ödematöser Pankreatitis wiesen einen PCT-Mittelwert von nur 0,67 ng/ml auf. Trotz des deutlichen Unterschieds in den Mittelwerten konnte keine statistisch signifikante Differenz zwischen Normalwerten und nekrotisierender Pankreatitis einerseits oder Normwerten und ödematöser Pankreatitis andererseits festgestellt werden. Die Ursache hierfür lag in der großen Streubreite der PCT-Werte in der Gruppe mit nekrotisierender Pankreatitis (0,33 – 32,9 ng/ml). Diese große Variation der Werte ist möglicherweise dadurch bedingt, daß nur ein Teil der Patienten schon frühzeitig eine bakterielle Superinfektion der Nekrose mit konsekutiver PCT-Erhöhung aufwies. Wir vermuten, daß eine Unterscheidung zwischen superinfizierter nekrotisierender Pankreatitis einerseits und nekrotisierender steriler Pankreatitis bzw. ödematöser Pankreatitis andererseits mittels PCT-Messungen möglich ist, jedoch sind größere Studien mit einer mikrobiologischen Untersuchung des nekrotischen Materials und Blutkulturen notwendig, um den endgültigen Stellenwert der PCT-Bestimmung im klinischen Alltag, besonders in der Prognoseabschätzung der akuten Pankreatitis, unter Beweis zu stellen.
    Notes: Abstract Procalcitonin is a protein which is found in elevated concentrations in the blood circulation during systemic bacterial, fungal or protozoal infection. In contrast to classical acute-phase proteins like C-reactive protein or interleukin-6, it is not elevated after operative trauma. In this paper we present current opinions on the assumed induction mechanisms of the protein by cytokines and endotoxin. Furthermore, the clinical value for early detection of systemic infections in abdominal and transplantation surgery is demonstrated by examples from the literature. Our investigation shows that eight patients with necrotizing pancreatitis had a PCT mean value of 6.9 ng/ml on the day of admission. Seven patients with edematous pancreatitis had only a PCT mean value of 0.69 ng/ml. Despite these differences in the mean values, a significant difference between the normal value and the mean value of the group with necrotizing pancreatitis or edematous pancreatitis was not observed due to the wide range of PCT levels in the group of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. The fact that only a few of the patients had a superinfected necrosis with systemic evasion of bacterias or their toxins may be the reason for this wide range. We suggest that a discrimination between superinfected necrotizing or sterile pancreatitis and edematous pancreatitis by PCT could be possible but more extensive studies with microbiological examination of the necrotic material are required to recognize the subgroups and to establish the real diagnostic efficiency of PCT in clinical practice, especially in the prediction of the outcome of acute pancreatitis.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 382 (1997), S. 367-372 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Procalcitonin ; Clinical application ; Sepsis ; Acute pancreatitis ; Prokalzitonin ; Klinische Applikation ; Sepsis ; Akute Pankreatitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Prokalzitonin (PCT) ist ein Protein, welches bei systemischen Infektionen mit Bakterien, Pilzen und Protozoen in erhöhter Konzentration im Blut nachgewiesen werden kann. Bei operativen Traumen steigt PCT im Gegensatz zu den klassischen Akute-Phase-Proteinen, wie C-reaktivem Protein oder Interleukin-6, nicht oder nur marginal an. Somit ist es möglich, mit Hilfe eines Laborparameters systemische Infektionen postoperativ zu erkennen. In dieser Arbeit werden aus heutiger Sicht die vermuteten Induktionsmechanismen der PCT-Synthese durch Zytokine und bakterielle Endotoxine dargestellt. Außerdem werden klinische Anwendungen der PCT-Messung mit Beispielen aus der Abdominal- und Transplantationschirurgie vorgestellt. In eigenen Untersuchungen konnten wir am Aufnahmetag bei 8 Patienten mit nekrotisierender Pankreatitis einen PCT-Mittelwert von 6,9 ng/ml messen. Weitere 7 Patienten mit ödematöser Pankreatitis wiesen einen PCT-Mittelwert von nur 0,67 ng/ml auf. Trotz des deutlichen Unterschieds in den Mittelwerten konnte keine statistisch signifikante Differenz zwischen Normalwerten und nekrotisierender Pankreatitis einerseits oder Normwerten und ödematöser Pankreatitis andererseits festgestellt werden. Die Ursache hierfür lag in der großen Streubreite der PCT-Werte in der Gruppe mit nekrotisierender Pankreatitis (0,33–32,9 ng/ml). Diese große Variation der Werte ist möglicherweise dadurch bedingt, daß nur ein Teil der Patienten schon frühzeitig eine bakterielle Superinfektion der Nekrose mit konsekutiver PCT-Erhöhung aufwies. Wir vermuten, daß eine Unterscheidung zwischen superinfizierter nekrotisierender Pankreatitis einerseits und nekrotisierender steriler Pankreatitis bzw. ödematöser Pankreatitis andererseits mittels PCT-Messungen möglich ist, jedoch sind größere Studien mit einer mikrobiologischen Untersuchung des nekrotischen Materials und Blutkulturen notwendig, um den endgültigen Stellenwert der PCT-Bestimmung im klinischen Alltag, besonders in der Prognoseabschätzung der akuten Pankreatitis, unter Beweis zu stellen.
    Notes: Abstract Procalcitonin is a protein which is found in elevated concentrations in the blood circulation during systemic bacterial, fungal or protozoal infection. In contrast to classical acute-phase proteins like C-reactive protein or interleukin-6, it is not elevated after operative trauma. In this paper we present current opinions on the assumed induction mechanisms of the protein by cytokines and endotoxin. Furthermore, the clinical value for early detection of systemic infections in abdominal and transplantation surgery is demonstrated by examples from the literature. Our investigation shows that eight patients with necrotizing pancreatitis had a PCT mean value of 6.9 ng/ml on the day of admission. Seven patients with edematous pancreatitis had only a PCT mean value of 0.69 ng/ml. Despite these differences in the mean values, a significant difference between the normal value and the mean value of the group with necrotizing pancreatitis or edematous pancreatitis was not observed due to the wide range of PCT levels in the group of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. The fact that only a few of the patients had a superinfected necrosis with systemic evasion of bacterias or their toxins may be the reason for this wide range. We suggest that a discrimination between superinfected necrotizing or sterile pancreatitis and edematous pancreatitis by PCT could be possible but more extensive studies with microbiological examination of the necrotic material are required to recognize the subgroups and to establish the real diagnostic efficiency of PCT in clinical practice, especially in the prediction of the outcome of acute pancreatitis.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 324 (1982), S. 669-672 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Arylation of Thiocarbonyl Compounds by Arenediazonium Salts
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 324 (1982), S. 873-881 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Oxydation of 1-(1,3-Thiazol-2-yl)-pyrazolidin-3-onesThe 1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-pyrazolid-3-ones 4 are synthesized by reaction of 1-thiocarbamoyl-pyrazolidin-3-one 2 with α-halogenaldehydes and α-halogenketones, respectively. The structure of 4 is proved by their 1H-n.m.r. and mass spectra. Oxydative dimerisation of 4 leads to the bisazomethinimines 10. The compounds 10 represent a new type of azomethinimines with a quinoid structure.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 479-484 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetrathiafulvalenes. XXI. Syntheses of Tetrathiafulvalenes from 2-Alkylthio-, 2-Arylthio- and 2-Alkylseleno-1,3-dithiolium SaltsIn the reaction of 2-alkylthio-, 2-arylthio- or 2-alkylseleno-1, 3-dithiolium salts with trivalent phosphorus compounds in acetonitril tetrathiafulvalenes 2 are formed. As an intermediate we suppose a phosphorane, which reacts with further 1,3-dithiolium salt to provide the tetrathiafulvalene. By the application of a 2-alkylthio-1,3-dithiolium salt a monomethin dye is formed in a side reaction. When the reaction is carried out in methanol, the phosphorane is trapped by the solvent and a 2H-1,3-dithiolium salt is obtained.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 545-555 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: About Chlorination of N-Aryl-2,4-dimethyl-buta-1,3-dien-1,4-sultamesThe sultames of structure 1 are easily chlorinated by sulfurylchloride, chlorine or tertbutylhypochlorite. The structure of the mono-(2a-c,3a, d), di-(4a-d), tri- (5c, d) and pentachlorosultames (6a, b) is determined by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Contrary to the bromination the chlorination (by SO2Cl2) starts with the substitution of the sultamring (formation of mono- and di-chlorosultames) followed of the substitution of the (C-4)-CH3- group (formation of trichlorosultames). By 1,4-addition of an other molecule of chlorine to 5 the pentachlorosultames 6a, b are obtained. Already by recrystalisation of 6a, b in an alcohol the chlorine in 4-position is exchanged by the corresponding alkoxy group (CH3O, C2H5O, n-C3H7O) and the compounds 7-9 are formed.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 329 (1987), S. 811-816 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organic Electron Conductors and Precursors. V. Synthesis of Poly (organylthio-acetylenes)Poly(bis-organylthio-acetylenes) 2 and poly(mono-organylthio-acetylenes) 3 have been synthesized by complex catalyzed polymerization of the corresponding acetylenes (4 resp. 5). Yields and properties of the polymers 2, 3 depend on reaction conditions, the catalyst and the nature of the acetylenes. Relations between these influence factors are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 428-432 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Iodation of N-Aryl-2,4-dimethyl-buta-1,3-dien-1,4-sultamesBy the iodation of N-aryl-2,4-dimethyl-buta-1,3-dien-1,4-sultames 1 with I2/HgO in EtOH/AcOH the 1,2-thiazine ring is substituted. The monosubstitution occurs on the 1-position (1a, d) and the disubstitution on the 1,3-position (3a). By iodine monochloride in CHCl3 the sultames 1a-d were substituted in the (C-2)-CH3 group (4a-d), in contrast also to the results of chlorination and bromination of 1. The structure of the products 2, 3, 4 was proved by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopic data.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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