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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occupational exposure to hexachlorocyclohexane (1981)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 48 (1981), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Pesticides ; Hexachlorocyclohexane ; Lindane ; Health supervision ; Benzenehexachloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixty male workers in a lindane (y-hexachlorocyclohexane)-producing factory were examined with regard to health in comparison with an external control group of 20 clerks. Case history, physical examination, neurologic status, and ECG revealed no significant differences between groups. However, the following significant differences in clinical-chemical blood tests were ascertained: higher polymorphonuclear leukocyte count, lower lymphocyte count, higher reticulocyte count, lower prothrombin (Quick's) test, and lower blood concentrations of creatinine and uric acid. No significant differences were observed in total red and white blood cell as well as platelet counts, hemoglobin content, the other counts of differential blood picture, γ-GT, GOT, GPT, LDH, cholinesterase, triglycerides, cholesterol, and urea. In spite of a pronounced exposure to the α-, β-, and γ-isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane, no signs of severe impairment of health were observed; only small deviations in some laboratory tests were found having no pathologic significance. However, biological monitoring and health supervision of HCH-exposed workers should be carried out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405934
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occupational exposure to hexachlorocyclohexane (1981)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 48 (1981), S. 283-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Pesticides ; Hexachlorocyclohexane ; Lindane benzenehexachloride ; Sex hormones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane)-producing factory 54 male workers (mean age 40 years, mean duration of exposure 8 years) were studied with regard to their blood levels of testosterone, LH, and FSH. Twenty clerks of nearly the same age were examined for control purposes in the same way. Serum-LH concentrations of the exposed workers were significantly higher than in controls. Geometric mean values were 8.8 mIU/ml and 5.7 mIU/ml respectively. On the other hand, FSH levels were insignificantly higher. Concerning testosterone concentrations in serum, these were found to be slightly lower in the group of workers than in control persons but this difference could not be proved to be statistically significant. These results indicate certain perturbations in sex hormone regulation probably as a consequence of HCH-exposure. To judge the pathological significance of these alterations further investigation will be necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405615
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occupational exposure to hexachlorocyclohexane (1981)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 48 (1981), S. 165-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Pesticides ; Hexachlorocyclohexane ; Lindane neurological findings ; Benzenehexachloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixty male workers in a lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) producing factory were examined with regard to functions of nervous system in comparison with two external control groups having no contact with hazardous substances. Examinations of reflexes and sensibility revealed no pathological signs. Mean values of amplitude and frequency of forefinger tremor were found at about 20 μm and 10 Hz respectively without significant differences between groups. Manual skill tested by means of a tracking task was nearly the same in HCH-workers and a control group of dairy workers. On the contrary, a control group of clerks showed significantly better results in the tracking test, a probable consequence of their occupational practice. In electromyography no pathologic patterns were observed. The maximal motor nerve conduction velocity of ulnar nerves showed nearly identical mean values of 59.5 m/s in HCH-workers and controls. Neuromuscular conduction as revealed by distal latencies was not impaired. Furthermore, electroencephalographic recordings taken in spot-checks of HCH-workers and controls did not show any specific pathological signs. Only small abnormalities in rhythm could be observed in some cases of workers as well as of control persons indicating no increased incidence in the HCH exposed group. In conclusion, even after years or decades of occupational HCH exposure, in this study no signs of neurological impairment or perturbation of “neuromuscular function” could be ascertained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378437
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occupational exposure to hexachlorocyclohexane (1980)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 47 (1980), S. 119-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Pesticides ; Hexachlorocyclohexane ; Biological monitoring ; Lindane ; Benzenehexachloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane =γ-benzenehexachloride)-producing factory 57 workers were studied with regard to their blood levels of the three hexachlorocyclohexane isomers:α-, β-, andγ-HCH. The TLV-TWA (MAK value 1979) forγ-HCH of 0.5 mg/m3 was not exceeded at any of the workplaces where HCH is synthesized and purified to lindane. Additionally, in some of the workers samples of s.c. adipose tissue were taken for determination of HCH-isomer content. An external group of 20 clerks was examined in the same way for control purposes. In contrast to the control persons, none of whom had HCH-concentrations in serum above the respective detection limits, the values determined in serum of the exposed workers were in the following ranges:α-HCH: 10–273 μg/l,β-HCH: 17–760 μg/l, andγ-HCH: 5-188 μg/l. Of special interest is the observation of a significant increase ofβ-HCH-concentration in serum with the time of employment in lindane production, indicating a pronounced accumulation of this substance in the human organism. Concentrations of this isomer in s.c. adipose tissues were about 300-fold higher than in serum. A significant correlation between both parameters could be established. The results of this study show that adherence to the TLV-TWA ofγ-HCH is not sufficient for control of HCH-exposure. Furthermore, biological monitoring of exposed workers is necessary taking into account the three more important isomersα-, β-, andγ-HCH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00716371
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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