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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (29)
  • Alternating ventilation  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemodynamic and respiratory conditions during alternating and synchronous ventilation of both lungs (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 813-817 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Alternating ventilation ; Cardiac output ; Central venous pressure ; Intrathoracic pressure ; Lung volume ; Pericardial pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective We tested the hypothesis that mean thoracic expansion (and mean lung volume) is lower during alternating ventilation (AV), i.e. ventilation of both lungs with a phase shift of half a ventilatory cycle, compared to synchronous ventilation (SV) of both lungs. As a consequence, intrathoracic pressure will be lower, causing lower, central venous pressure and higher cardiac output. Design In eight anaesthetized and paralysed piglets, differential ventilation was established by fixation of an endobronchial tube in the left main bronchus. SV and AV were sequentially applied for four and three periods, respectively, of 10 minutes each. Minute ventilation was the same during AV and SV and adapted to normocapnia. Two series of observations were performed: series 1 with intact thorax and monitoring of oesophageal pressure; series 2 after perforation of the sternum, airtight closure of the thorax and monitoring of pericardial pressure. Results In both series, mean lung volume was 16±4% lower and central venous, oesophageal (series 1) and pericardial pressures (series 2) were 0.5±0.7 mmHg lower during AV compared to SV (allp〈0.001). In series 1, aortic pressure was 5 mmHg and cardiac output 8% higher (bothp〈0.001). In series 2, cardiac output was 5% higher during AV (p〈0.001), but aortic pressure did not change (p=0.07). Conclusion Our data verified the hypothesis. The lower oesophageal (series 1), pericardial (series 2) and central venous pressures during AV compared to SV could be explained by the smaller thoracic expansion due to the lower mean lung volume, which was attributed to compression of the opposite lung by the expansion of the inflated lung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709526
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternating versus synchronous ventilation of left and right lungs in piglets (1995)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 21 (1995), S. 1009-1015 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Alternating ventilation ; Cardiac output ; Central venous pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective We tested whether alternating ventilation (AV) of each lung (i.e. with a phase difference of half a ventilatory cycle) would decrease central venous pressure and so increase cardiac output when compared with simultaneous ventilation (SV) of both lungs. Theory If, during AV, the inflated lung expands partly via compression of the opposite lung, mean lung volume will be smaller during AV than SV. As a consequence, mean intrathoracic pressure (as cited in the literature), and therefore, central venous pressure will be smaller. Design The experiments were performed in seven anaesthetized and paralyzed piglets using a double-piston ventilator. Minute ventilation was the same during AV and SV. Starting at SV, we alternated three times between AV and SV for periods of 10 min. Results During AV, central venous pressure was decreased by 0.7 mmHg and cardiac output was increased by 10±4.4% (mean, ±SD) compared with SV. AV also resulted in increased arterial pressure. During one-sided inflation with closed outlet of the opposite lung, a pressure rise occurred in the opposite lung, indicating compression. Conclusion The higher cardiac output during AV than SV can be explained by the fact that central venous pressure is lower during AV. This lower central venous pressure is very probably due to the lower mean intrathoracic pressure caused by compression of the opposite lung during unilateral inflation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01700663
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological and histomorphometrical evaluation of the bone reaction to three different titanium alloy and hydroxyapatite coated implants (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 4 (1993), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The aim of this study was to investigate the bone response to three different types of titanium (Ti) alloys and hydroxyapatite (HA) coated titanium alloy by histological and histomorphometrical analysis. Therefore, implants made of these materials were inserted into the tibia of rabbits. Implantation times were 6 and 16 weeks. The histological evaluation included measurement of the amount of bone apposition and analysis of the bone reaction and interface characteristics around the implants. The results demonstrated no marked differences in bony reaction to the different implant materials. In addition, the HA coatings showed loss of thickness. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770040302
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    118. Application of Zeolites to Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx in Industrial Flue Gases (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 66 (1994), S. 1229-1230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.3306609119
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue response to percutaneous implants in rabbits (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 24 (1990), S. 295-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This study reports on certain aspects of wound-healing around percutaneous implants. Plasma-sprayed and dense hydroxylapatite, titanium, and carbon test implants were inserted into the tibia and the cranium of 12 rabbits. Four and 8 months after insertion, the animals were sacrificed and the implants with their surrounding tissues were processed histologically. Light- and transmission electron microscopic investigations were performed. It is found that direct and indirect boneanchoring favors the longevity of percutaneous implants. No differences in tissue reaction between the various implant materials were observed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820240303
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of parallel surface microgrooves and surface energy on cell growth (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29 (1995), S. 511-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: To evaluate the effect of surface treatment and surface microtexture on cellular behavior, smooth and microtextured silicone substrata were produced. The microtextured substrata possessed parallel surface grooves with a width and spacing of 2.0 (SilD02), 5.0 (SilD05), and 10 μm (SilD10). The groove depth was approximately 0.5 μm. Subsequently, these substrata were either left untreated (NT) or treated by ultraviolet irradiation (UV), radiofrequency glow discharge treatment (RFGD), or both (UVRFGD). After characterization of the substrata, rat dermal fibroblasts (RDF) were cultured on the UV, RFGD, and UVRFGD treated surfaces for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. Comparison between the NT and UV substrata revealed that UV treatment did not influence the contact angles and surface energies of surfaces with a similar surface topography. However, the contact angles of the RFGD and UVRFGD substrata were significantly smaller than those of the UV and NT substrata. The dimension of the surface microevents did not influence the wettability characteristics. Cell culture experiments revealed that RDF cell growth on UV-treated surfaces was lower than on the RFGD and UVRFGD substrata. SEM examination demonstrated that the parallel surface grooves on the SilD02 and SilD05 substrata were able to induce stronger cell orientation and alignment than the events on SilD10 surfaces. By combining all of our findings, the most important conclusion was that physicochemical parameters such as wettability and surface free energy influence cell growth but play no measurable role in the shape and orientation of cells on microtextured surfaces. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820290411
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue reaction to soft-tissue anchored percutaneous implants in rabbits (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 28 (1994), S. 1047-1054 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This study reports on the soft-tissue response to titanium fiber mesh percutaneous implants. The implants were inserted in the backs of 15 rabbits. The surgical procedure was performed in two steps: implantation of the subcutaneous part of the implants and, after 3 months, fixation of the percutaneous part into the subcutaneous part. Two and 6 months after insertion the animals were sacrificed and the implants, with their surrounding tissues, were processed histologically. Light microscopic analysis demonstrated that only one implant showed considerable skin retraction in the percutaneous area. Around the rest of the implants no downgrowth or only a very limited epidermal downgrowth was observed. Furthermore, the fiber mesh material showed good biocompatible behavior. These results confirm the previous finding that sintered titanium fiberweb structures are effective for the stabilization of percutaneous devices located in soft tissues and can improve their performance. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820280909
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of discharge power level on the properties of hydroxyapatite films deposited on Ti6A14V with RF magnetron sputtering (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29 (1995), S. 269-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The effects of discharge radiofrequency (RF) power and film thickness were studied on the characteristics of Ca5(PO4)3OH (hydroxyapatite) thin films fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering. The structure and chemical composition were investigated with α-step (thickness), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and infrared absorption spectrometry (FTIR). The films were analyzed assputtered and after annealing at 550°C under argon flow. SEM showed that the film surfaces had no cracks or other defects. X-ray diffraction showed that the deposited films were amorphous with low-discharge RF power, and crystalline with high-discharge RF power. After annealing, all the films had the same crystalline structure as apatite. However, the RBS measurements revealed that all films had a higher calcium-phosphate ratio than standard synthetic hydroxyapatite. Furthermore, statistical testing of the RBS data revealed the existence of only a weak correlation between the Ca/P ratio and the discharge power level. Although all sputtered films showed phosphate bonds in the infrared spectrum, only after annealing did the OH bonds of hydroxyapatite become visible. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820290218
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical and histologic evaluation of Ca-P plasma-spray and magnetron sputter-coated implants in trabecular bone of the goat (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 36 (1997), S. 75-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The aim of this study was to investigate the bone response to calcium phosphate (Ca-P) plasma-spray and radiofrequency magnetron sputter-coated implants with comparable roughness. Therefore, tapered conical screw designed implants were installed in the trabecular bone of the femurs of nine goats. They were provided with two types of coatings, a plasma-spray dual coating of fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite (FA/HA-PS) and a titanium plasma-spray coating, covered with an amorphous Ca-P magnetron sputtercoating (TPS/Ca-P-a). These implants were evaluated histologically and mechanically after 3 months of implantation. A well-controlled method to apply and measure a torsional force to load the screw-type implants to the point of failure was introduced. All implants healed uneventful and were well fixed. No significant difference (Student t test, p 〉 0.05) for the torsional failure force was measured for both type of coatings. Nevertheless, SEM revealed differently situated fracture planes. Light microscopy showed intimate bone-implant contact for both types of coatings; original drill margins were still visible. A lamellar type of bone with some remodeling lacunae was shown. Histomorphometry revealed a higher percentage of bone contact for the FA/HA-PS-coated implants (student t test, p 〈 0.05). Measurement of the amount of bone revealed more bone mass around TPS/Ca-P-a-coated implants (analysis of variance and Tukey multiple comparison, p 〈 0.05). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial phenomena: An in vitro study of the effect of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) ceramic on bone formation (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 40 (1998), S. 464-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: calcium phosphate coatings ; magnetron sputtering ; osteoblast ; in vitro ; bone ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In previous studies we developed a RF magnetron sputter technique for the production of thin Ca-P coatings. With this technique coatings can be produced that vary in Ca/P ratio as well as in structural appearance. The aim of this investigation was to obtain more understanding of the biological behavior of these coatings by way of in vitro experiments. The effect of noncoated titanium (Ti) and three different Ca-P-sputtered surfaces on the proliferation and differentiation (morphology and matrix production) of osteoblast-like cells was studied. Proliferation was determined using counting procedures; morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fluorescent markers and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) were used to obtain quantitative and compositional information about the resultant calcified extracellular matrix (ECM). Results demonstrated that proliferation of the osteoblast-like cells was significantly (p 〈 0.05) higher on noncoated than on Ca-P-coated samples. On the other hand, more mineralized ECM was formed on the coated surfaces. In addition, TEM confirmed that the cells on the coated substrates were surrounded by ECM with collagen fibers embedded in crystallized, needle-shaped structures. On the basis of these findings, we concluded that: (1) the investigated Ca-P sputter coatings possess the capacity to activate the differentiation and expression of osteogenic cells, and (2) bone formation proceeds faster on Ca-P surfaces than on Ti substrates. Further, this bone-inductive effect appeared to be dependent on the Ca-P ratio of the deposited coatings. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 40, 464-474, 1998.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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