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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (9)
  • Life Sciences (general)  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ni—Co alloy as a new reference material for quantitative surface analysis (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 16 (1990), S. 183-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: For the improvement of quantitative surface analysis using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) we propose an Ni—Co alloy system as a candidate for a ‘primary reference material’ to be used for evaluating the accuracy of quantitative surface analysis. A Ni—Co alloy was chosen for two reasons. Firstly, the concentrations of the alloys (Ni49Co51,Ni75Co25) at the surface and in the near-surface region were found to be homogeneous, i.e. phenomena such as preferential sputtering and ion irradiation-induced surface segregation were no observed with angle-resolved XPS measurements during 1 keV Ar+ ion sputtering. Secondly, the corrections of matrix effects of Ni—Co alloys, such as the atomic density, the back-scattering factor and inelastic mean free path corrections, were calculated and found to be negligibly small.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740160136
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reliability of quantitative analysis with AES (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 16 (1990), S. 140-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Japanese VAMAS-SCA working group is composed of 19 institutes. Three kind of Au—Cu alloys (Au 75 at.-%-Cu 25 at.-%, Au 50 at.-%-Cu 50 at.-%, Au 25 at.-%-Cu 75 at.-%) were prepared, and these specimens, pure Au and pure Cu were distributed to the members of the VAMAS-SCA working group. The surface concentrations of these alloys were calculated from the Auger peak amplitudes in two ways. One method used the published relative sensitivity factors, and the other used pure Au and Pure Cu as the standard materials. The mean values of the surface concentrations calculated with the published relative sensitivity factors were almost the same as those calculated with the standard materials. This means that the published relative sensitivity factors are reliable to some extent. The error of the surface concentration calculated with pure Au and pure Cu as the standard materials lay between about 3% and 10%, and that with the relative sensitivity factors lay between about 7% and 20%. The calculated surface concentrations of Au were larger than the bulk concentrations of Au when the matrix effect was neglected.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740160127
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peroxisomes of alkane-utilizing yeasts metabolic functions and practical aspectsPaper given at the Leipzig Symposium on Biotechnology 1982 Leipzig 21.-25. 9. 1982. (1983)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 3 (1983), S. 327-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: One of the most striking features of alkane-grown yeast cells is conspicuous appearance of peroxisomes in harmony with a high level of catalase. This unique phenomenon was first demonstrated in the authors′ laboratory, and the metabolic functions of peroxisomes in yeasts utilizing alkanes has been estabilished with intact peroxisomes isolated by density gradient centrifugation. The organelles participate in the degradation of fatty acids derived from alkanes to C2-units and the synthesis of gluconeogenic intermediates from C2-units. The abundant appearance of peroxisomes in alkane-utilizing cells has allowed successful production of several useful enzymes including catalase, D-amino acid oxidase, uricase, acyl-CoA oxidase etc. Yeast cells will be an excellent system for investigation the functions and development of peroxisomes because biogenesis of the organelles is induced only by transferring the cells into alkane medium from glucose or ethanol medium.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370030405
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioconversion of lipophilic compounds by immobilized microbial cells in organic solvents (1981)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 339-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microbial cells were gel-entrapped with photo-crosslinkable resin prepolymers or urethane prepolymers, respectively. The resulting gels have different tailor-made hydrophobic or hydrophilic character. They were used for successful bioconversion of hydrophobic steroids and terpenoids in watersaturated mixtures of organic solvents. The experiments show the influence of the hydrophobicity of the gels and the polarity of the solvent mixtures, respectively. Use of hydrophobic gels and less polar solvents is preferable for bioconversion of hydrophobic compounds. The selective formation of a desired product among diverse products from a single substrate by appropriate use of hydrophobic or hydrophilic gels is possible. In each case, tests should be made to select the appropriate gel and solvent mixture. Bioconversions tested are: dehydroepiandrosterone to 4-androstene-3,17-dione; cholesterol to cholestenone; β-sitosterol to β-sitostenone; stigmasterol to stigmastenone; pregnenolone to progesterone; testosterone to Δ1-dehydrotestosterone or 4-androstene-3,17-dione, respectively; all with immobilized cells of Nocardia rhodocrous; and stereoselective hydrolysis of dl-menthyl-succinate to yield l-menthol with immobilized cells of Rhodotorula minuta var. texensis.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370010406
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheo-optical studies of the nature of the α mechanical loss mechanism of polyethylene (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 11 (1973), S. 1891-1939 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Dynamic x-ray diffraction and dynamic birefringence techniques are employed to determine the nature of the molecular motions associated with the α mechanical loss processes for low-density polyethylene. The results indicate that the low-temperature part of this loss (designated α1) is associated with an interlammellar “grain boundary” slip process while the higher temperature process (α2) involves intracrystalline motion and plasticity of the crystal itself. The activation energy for α1 determined by x-ray response is 25-30 kcal/mole, while that for α2 is 30-60 kcal/mole. The findings are consistent with dynamic infrared and dynamic light-scattering results which indicate that the motion of amorphous chains is closely correlated with that of the crystals. The relative contributions of amorphous and crystalline regions to the birefringence are dependent on the thermal treatment of the sample. The effect of static strain on the dynamic response indicates that crystal orientability is first increased with strain, probably because of splaying apart of lamellae, is subsequently decreased because of the restrictions of interlamellae tie chains, but then increases again as the spherulites are destroyed at high strain. The static strain reduces the orientability of amorphous regions.
    Additional Material: 29 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.180111004
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infra-red absorption spectrum of poly-β-propiolactone obtained by two kinds of ionic polymerization (1962)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 54 (1962), S. 226-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1962.020540120
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental detection of entropy elasticity within the plasic deformation of paper (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 1125-1127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070530816
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative surface chemical analysis of Au—Cu alloys with aes (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 12 (1988), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Japanese VAMAS-SCA working group is composed of 19 institutes. Three kinds of Au-Cu alloys (Au25 at%-Cu75 at%, Au50 at%-Cu50 at%, Au75 at%-Cu25 at%) were prepared, and these specimens were distributed to the members of Japanese VAMAS-SCA working group and Auger peak amplitude ratios were measured to clarify the correlation factor of different types of spectrometers. The comparison was carried out by using the relative sensitivity factor for Au and Cu. The relative sensitivity factor for lower energy varied from spectrometer to spectrometer, but that for higher energy did not vary so much. Therefore, to carry out the inter-laboratory comparison of the data, the transfer of the data of peak amplitude at higher energy should be recommended.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740120212
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization of tetraoxane with styrene catalyzed by BF3·O(C2H5)2 (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 5 (1967), S. 1937-1949 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The copolymerization of tetraoxane with styrene catalyzed by BF3·O(C2H5)2 was studied at 30°C. to determine whether a cyclic monomer can copolymerize with a vinyl monomer. The formation of the copolymer was confirmed by elementary analysis of both benzene-soluble and benzene-insoluble fractions of the polymer obtained. It was found by gas chromatography that a fairly large amount of 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxane and a small amount of trioxane were formed in the present system, in addition to polymers. Roughly a third of the total amount of the monomers reacted was consumed in the formation of methanol-insoluble polymer, a third for 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxane, and another third for trioxane and unknown products which could not be indentified. The formation of these cyclic compounds during the copolymerization may be explained in terms of a back-biting (or intramolecular transacetalization) reaction. The cationic reactivity of tetraoxane was found to be similar to that of styrene on the basis of both the consumption rate of each monomer in the copolymerizing system and the composition of the methanol-insoluble polymer obtained.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.150050811
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of correction accuracy of several schemes for AES matrix effect correctionsPaper presented at ECASIA 89, Antibes, France, 23-27 October 1989. (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 15 (1990), S. 466-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A matrix effect correction is required to improve the accuracy of quantitative AES analysis. The correction includes terms involving the atomic density (n), electron back-scattering factor (R) and electron escape depth (L). Many schemes have been proposed by various people for corrections of the R and L terms. However, up to now, there have been no systematic investigations of the correction accuracy of the proposed schemes. We have evaluated the correction accuracy, based on measured intensity data for Au—Cu alloys of different compositions. Comparison was made between the observed intensity ratio K (=Iunk/Istd) and the calculated intensity, ratio K′ (= C(nunk/nstd)(Runk/Rstd)(Lunk/Lstd)), where C and I represent the concentration and intensity, respectively. The superscripts ‘unk’ and ‘std’ denote that the parameters are for unknown and standard specimens, here the pure elements. If the correction works well, the error Er (= K′ — K)/(K) will become smaller. Evaluations were carried out on three schemes for the R correction and on seven schemes for the L correction using the Au 239 eV, Au 2024 eV and Cu 920 eV transitions. The root mean square (RMS) of the calculated errors showed several per cent for the best case and 20-30% for the worst case. The RMS error varied a few per cent between schemes for the R correction but it varied ∼30% for the L correction.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740150805
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