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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secondary ion mass spectrometry round-robin study of impurity analysis in gallium arsenide using uniformly-doped standard gallium arsenide specimens (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 21 (1994), S. 23-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper reports results of the second SIMS round-robin study on GaAs impurity analysis in which 16 laboratories participated. Three different types of SIMS instruments, including Cameca IMS-3F or IMS-4F, Atomika ADIDA-3000 and Hitachi IMA-3, were used for this study. The specimens were cut from identical multielement-doped GaAs crystals and distributed as common standards for the quantitative impurity analyses. The interlaboratory deviations in quatitative results based on the common standards were found to be 10-20%, except for some low-concentration specimens and the results for zinc. This was approximately half of the corresponding results produced from standard specimens provided by the laboratories themselves. The interlaboratory deviations of relative ion intensity between impurity and matrix were 〈50% for those laboratories employing instruments of the same type, except for low-concentration specimens. These results show that quantitative analysis to an accuracy of 50% can be performed without standard specimens by utilizing relative sensitivity factors for each type of instrument.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740210104
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversed vesicles from biocornpatible surfactantsThe supports of the the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan (Scientific Research, No. 03453005) and the Cosmetology Research Foundation are gratefully acknowledged. [AMC124] (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 4 (1992), S. 291-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19920040411
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concerted effects of grafting and crosslinking in cotton fabrics (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 3721-3736 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The formaldehyde crosslinking of the methyl, ethyl, or n-butyl acrylate-grafted cotton fabrics was performed in the dry or semi-dry systems. It was found that the reaction rates of crosslinking of the grafted cotton were not much retarded, the dry and wet crease recoveries of the grafted cotton, especially with n-butyl acrylate, were significantly improved with increasing bound formaldehyde, and the hydrophobicity of the butyl acrylate-grafted cotton had a tendency to be dissipated by a slight extent of crosslinking. Although the tensile and tear strength, breaking elongation, and thermosetting property of butyl acrylate-grafted cotton fabrics inevitably decreased with increasing bound formaldehyde, the loss was smaller than that of the ungrafted and formaldehyde-crosslinked cotton. Water imbibition, and moisture regain increased, and water repellency decreased with increasing bound formaldehyde. Crosslinking in the wet system, improved the wet crease recovery, as in the ungrafted cotton. Furthermore, in the butyl acrylate grafting after partial crosslinking with N-methylolacrylamide, the hydrophilic property of crosslinked cotton was almost retained unchanged and the thermosetting property recovered to that of the untreated cotton at about 35% graft-on.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070091119
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscoelastic properties of plasticized amylose films (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1371-1386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The viscoelastic properties of amylose films plasticized with dimethyl sulfoxide were studied. The modulus-temperature curves of dimethyl sulfoxide-plasticized amylose are typical for semicrystalline polymers at the higher concentrations of amylose and pass to those of amorphous polymers with the decrease of amylose content. The glassy modulus is not affected by the incorporation of dimethyl sulfoxide, but the rubbery modulus and Tg are depressed with increased dimethyl sulfoxide. The change of Tg with plasticization can be represented by two approximately straight lines, one representing the lower concentration region of amylose and the other the higher one. The critical concentration is about 60% amylose. When the results of modulus-time measurements and x-ray diffraction are considered together, in a system of amylose-dimethyl sulfoxide, amylose exists as a semicrystalline polymer at high concentrations of amylose, and it acts intermediate between semicrystalline and amorphous polymers at lower concentrations below about 60%. From an extrapolation of the data of Tg of plasticized amylose, Tg of pure amylose appears to be approximately 330°C. The viscoelastic properties of amylose films plasticized with dimethyl sulfoxide-sorbitol mixtures were also studied.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110802
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting of acrylate monomers in cotton fabrics (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 2227-2250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The graft copolymerization of acrylate monomers, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, and n- or isobutyl, in cotton fabrics was carried out in the aqueous emulsion system by the ceric ion method. The rate of grafting decreases with increasing length of the ester group. The maximum improvement of dry crease recovery, thus raising its value, increases with increasing graft-on shifts towards the higher extents of grafting, and with decreasing second-order transition temperature of graft polymer. The improvement of wet crease recovery, equilibrated in the presence of a wetting agent, is always greater than that in the dry crease recovery even when the hydrophobic propyl or butyl acrylate-grafted cotton levels off with increasing graft-on. The improvement of crease recovery was explained by the stabilization of the opened fiber structures by grafting with acrylates, especially those having bulky ester groups, the entangled crosslinking between the graft polymers or the graft polymers and cellulose chains, and the consequently developed elastomeric or swelling, elastomeric behaviors due to the segmental movements in the amorphous regions of graft copolymer. Furthermore, from the measurements of water imbibition and repellency, moisture regains, tensile properties, stiffness, flex abrasion, and thermosetting properties, it has been concluded that the improvements of physical properties are remarkable in the propyl or butyl acrylate-grafted cotton.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090616
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting of vinyl monomers onto crosslinked polymers. I. Grafting of methyl methacrylate onto fibers spun from polymer blends of polyvinyl alcohol and its partially N-methylolcarbamoylethylated productsPresented at a meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan, Tokyo, October 19, 1960. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 563-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Improvements in physical properties of polyvinyl alcohol fibers were attempted by means of both crosslinking and graft copolymerization. By using the ceric iron redox system on synthetic fibers spun from polymer blends containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and its partially (about 15 mole-%) N-methylolcarbamoylethylated products (PVM) in which the blend ratios were 0/100, 10/90, 15/85, and 20/80 by weight, methyl methacrylate (MMA) was grafted at 30°C. in the aldehyde-free acetone-water system after crosslinking by heat treatment or successive acid treatment. Grafting increases with increasing PVM component. This may be ascribed to the coarsening of the fiber texture caused by polymer blending and the increasing of methylol groups as a reducing agent. Moisture regains decrease with increasing graft fraction, but these appear to be greater than the additive values of backbone and graft polymer. Less shrinkage in boiling water is obtained with the increase of PVM component and grafting; the decreased shrinkage is significant in the acid-treated PVM-PVA fibers, and it reaches a nearly sufficient value at about 50% graft-on. The PVA fibers do not give sufficient shrink-proofing. The inherent tenacity and elongation of the grafted fibers increase slightly with increasing graft-on or denier except at the high grafting above about 100, 150, and 300 in the PVA, acid-treated, and acid-untreated PVM/PVA fibers, respectively; whereas the tensile strength in grams/denier decreases with grafting. Although at high grafting, a destruction in the fiber texture will perhaps occur, the coarser the texture of backbone fiber, the harder the change by grafting. The knot/normal ratios in tensile strength or elongation of the grafted fibers have been retained at above 90%. The elastic recovery of the grafted fibers is considerably improved as compared to the conventional Vinylon fibers. The improvements in the acid-treated and grafted PVM/PVA (20/80) fibers are significantly greater above and below 50% graft-on, especially in the range of lower extension. As expected, the thermosetting property is also appreciably imparted with grafting. In the conventional Vinylon fibers, the formalization for shrink-proofing is usually at a sacrifice of elastic recovery. But MMA grafting in the PVM/PVA fibers gives a fairly good elastic recovery and less shrinkage in addition to thermosetting property, making the most of the characteristics in the longer intermolecular crosslinkages formed between methylol groups or PVA-OH groups and methylol groups.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051711
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal and viscoelastic behavior of polyetheretherketone/polyethersulfone blends (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 171 (1989), S. 119-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die aus Lösung hergestellten Polymermischungen zeigen den Typus der vollmischbaren Polymerlegierungen. Proben, die durch Formpressen der Polymermischungen unterhalb des Schmelzpunkts von Polyetheretherketon (PEEK) erhallten wurden, zeigen ein für mischbare Polymerlegierungen typisches viskoelastisches Verhalten. Hingegen zeigt sich bei Mischungen, die oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes von PEEK verpreßt wurden, im dynamisch-viskoelastischen Verhalten eine Phasentrennung.
    Notes: The polymer blends obtained by the solution blending method show a type of compatible polymer blends. The samples obtained by compression molding the polymer blends below the melting point of the polyetheretherketon (PEEK) exhibit dynamic viscoelastic behavior characteristic of compatible polymer blends, but those by compression molding above the melting point of the PEEK show a phase separation in dynamic viscoelastic behavior.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1989.051710109
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The heterogeneous formalization of poly(vinyl alcohol) accompanying crosslinking reaction - I (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 24 (1972), S. 89-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß des Lösungsmittels und der Art des Polyvinylalkohols (PVA) auf die durch heterogene Formalisierung entstehende Vernetzung des PVA wurde untersucht. Die Vernetzungsreaktion wird zurückgehalten, wenn man PVA-Film in methanol-, äthanol- oder propanolhaltigen Lösungen formalisiert, während es in acetonhaltiger Lösung zur Vernetzung kommt. Die Vernetzungsreaktion erfolgt leichter in stärker syndiotaktischem PVA als in ataktischem PVA (handelsüblichem PVA).
    Notes: The effect of the solvents of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) species on the crosslinking reaction accompanying in the heterogeneous formalization of PVA was studied. The crosslinking reaction was prevented when PVA film was allowed to react with formaldehyde in the solution containing methanol, ethanol or propanol, whereas it occurred in the solution containing acetone. The crosslinking reaction occurred more easily in syndiotacticity-rich PVA than in atactic PVA (commercial PVA).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1972.050240106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic copolymerization of cyclopentadiene with 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether and some properties of the copolymer (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 27 (1972), S. 189-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Kationische Copolymerisationen von Cyclopentadien und 2-Chloräthylvinyläther wurden bei -78°C mit Borfluoridätherat als Initiator durchgeführt. Toluol, Methylenchlorid und Nitroäthan wurden als Lösungsmittel verwandt. Die Copolymerisationsparameter wurden für jedes Lösungsmittel bestimmt, und dabei wurde ein Einfluß des Lösungsmittels auf die Copolymerisation beobachtet, d. h. Cyclopentadien war in den polareren Lösungsmitteln reaktiver. Dieser Lösungsmitteleinfluß konnte mit den Unterschieden in der Nucleophilität und der Stabilität der Carboniumionen interpretiert werden.Die Copolymeren konnten mit Schwefel vernetzt werden; einige physikalische Eigenschaften der Polymeren und der Vulkanisate wurden untersucht.
    Notes: Cationic copolymerizations of cyclopentadiene with 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether were carried out at -78°C using boron trifluoride etherate as a catalyst. Toluene, methylene chloride, and nitroethane were used as polymerization solvents. In each solvent the monomer reactiviety ratios were determined and a solvent effect on the copolymerization was observed, i. e., cyclopentadiene was more reactive in the polar solvents, but less in toluene. This solvent effect could be interpreted based on the differences of monomer nucleophilicities and of stabilities of the two carbonium ions.The copolymers were able to be cured with sulfur and some physical properties of polymers and of their vulcanizates were investigated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1972.050270114
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of poly(vinyl chloride). XXXIV. Crosslinked poly(vinyl chloride) via paste-processing (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 66 (1978), S. 169-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ein neues PVC-Vernetzungsverfahren unter Verwendung von 6-Dibutylamino-1,3,5-triazin-2,4-dithiol (DB) wurde in einer Pastenverarbeitung zur Erzeugung eines vernetzten PVC-Produkts eingesetzt. Die in dieser Studie empfohlene Pastenzusammensetzung besteht aus 100 Teilen PVC (Zeon 121), 60 Teilen Dioctylphthalat, 0,2 Teilen MgO und 6 Teilen einer 50-proz. Lösung von DB-Na in Butylcarbitol, womit eine hochvernetzte und transparente Folie mit ausgezeichneter Beständigkeit gegen thermische Verfarbung erhalten wurde. Die während der Lagerung zunehmende Viskosität der Paste wird durch den Effekt von Anziehungskräften zwischen den Teilchen erklärt, wodurch DB-Na zu den auf der Oberfläche der PVC-Partikel adsorbierten Glykolderivaten koordiniert wird. die gesteigerte Viskosität kann durch Zugabe von 3 Teilen N-Butylbenzolsulfonamid verringert werden.Im Vergleich zum nicht vernetzten Produkt hatte das vernetzte Produkt deutlich verbesserte Spannungs-Verformungs-Eigenschaften bei höheren Temperaturen. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften der beiden durch Pastenverarbeitung und durch Walzenverarbeitung erhaltenen vernetzten Produkte werden in Bezug auf Unterschiede in der Gleichmäßigkeit der Vernetzung verglichen.
    Notes: A novel PVC-crosslinking technique using 6-dibutylamino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithiol (DB) was applied for a paste processing to produce a crosslinked PVC product. The paste formulation recommended in the present study consisted of 100 parts of PVC (Zeon 121), 60 parts of dioctyl phthalate, 0.2 parts of MgO, and 6 parts of a 50% solution of DB-Na in butylcarbitol, which gave a highly crosslinked and transparent sheet with an excellent stability for thermal discolouring. The increasing viscosity behaviour of the paste during storage is explained by the effect of interparticle attracting forces of DB-Na which coordinates to the ether oxygen atoms in the glycol derivatives adsorbed on the surface of PVC particles. The increased viscosity can be reduced by addition of 3 parts of N-butyl-benzene-sulfonamide.The tension-distortion properties at elevated temperatures were remarkably improved at the crosslinked product compared with the uncrosslinked. The mechanical properties of the two crosslinked products produced via paste processing and roll-blending are compared in regard to the differences of the uniformity of crosslinking units.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1978.050660116
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