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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chain-scission and yellowing in high impact polystyreneNCL communication No. 5996. (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 36 (1995), S. 309-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: high impact polystyrene ; polychromatic irradiation ; viscosity ; tensile impact ; yellowing ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Different grades of impact-modified polystyrene were studied by viscometry, tensile impact test and colour change upon exposure to polychromatic irradiation at 55°C in air. The samples underwent extensive reduction in intrinsic viscosity [η] and tensile impact strength, and yellowed upon polychromatic irradiation (λ ≥ 290 nm). Chain-scission during photo-oxidative degradation was also studied under conditions where evolution of volatiles was negligible. Tristimulus values were calculated for unirradiated and irradiated samples. The rate of oxidative degradation was maximum in the sample possessing higher unsaturation content.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1995.210360402
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal stability of PVC/chlororubber-20-graft polyblend-styrene-acrylonitrile blends. I (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 1297-1308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermal stability of PVC blends with chlororubber-20-graft polyblend-styrene-acrylonitrile [CR-20gp-SAN (2:1)] was studied by HCI evolution techniques and thermogravimetry under isothermal condition. The thermal stability of PVC/CR-20gp-SAN (2:1) blends has been compared with those of PVC/CR-20 and PVC/KM-365B blends. It has been observed that the thermal stability of modified PVC is less than that of unmodified PVC. The CR-20gp-SAN (2:1) modified PVC blends were found to be more stable than PVC/CR-20 blends but less stable than PVC/KM-365B blends. The rate of degradation in PVC blends were observed to be unaffected by the concentration of the modifiers, but the PVC/KM-365B blends were found to be degrading slower in comparison with PVC/CR-20 and PVC/CR-20gp-SAN (2:1) blends. The rate of degradation for PVC/CR-20 blends at lower concentrations (〈10%) of modifiers is almost equal to that of PVC/CR-20-gp-SAN (2:1) blends, but more at higher concentrations of modifiers (〉10%). The experimental results have been explained on the basis of the chemical nature of the modifiers and their miscibility with PVC.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070290423
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation on multiphase polymeric systems of poly(vinyl chloride). I. PVC-chlororubber-20-gp-styrene-acrylonitrile (2 : 1) blends (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 2491-2515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A graft copolymer [chlororubber-20-gp-styrene-acrylonitrile (2 : 1)] has been synthesized by a solution precipitation polymerization technique grafting styrene and acrylonitrile onto chlororubber-20 main chain. The graft copolymer has been characterised by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and viscometry. It has been blended with PVC by melt mixing using a Brabender plasticorder and extrusiograph. The mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile strengths and impact strength of the blends have been studied to evaluate its performance as an impact modifier. The behavior of PVC-chlororubber-20-gp-styrene-acrylonitrile (2 : 1) blends has also been compared with PVC-chlororubber-20 and PVC-KM-365B (a commercial acrylate modifier) blends. The thermal behavior of these blends has also been studied. It has been found that PVC-chlororubber-20-gp-styrene-acrylonitrile (2 : 1) blends have higher impact strength than PVC-chlororubber-20-gp blends though the PVC-KM-365B blends have the highest impact strength. Based on the authors' previous compatibility studies along with present X-ray diffraction studies and the morphological investigation of the fractured surface by scanning electron microscopy, the mechanical behavior of these blends have been explained in the framework of existing theories. A model has been proposed to account for the optimum dispersion and adhesion of graft polyblends of chlororubber-20 in PVC matrix.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370904
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drag reduction by polymer-polymer mixtures (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 837-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An extensive study on the turbulent drag reduction caused by the various mixtures of polyacrylamide, purified guargum, xanthangum, and their graft copolymers has been conducted at low concentrations and Re = 14,000 using a turbulent flow rheometer. It has been found in most of the cases that the drag reduction caused by mixtures shows a positive deviation from the linearly additive straight line. This effect is more prominent when the drag reduction caused by both the constituents differ appreciably. In most of the cases, the drag reduction caused by the mixtures is higher than the DR caused by either of the constituent polymers; however, the drag reduction caused by the mixture is less than the sum of the drag reduction caused by both the constituents at their respective concentration in the mixture. It has also been noticed that there is no evidence of synergism in these mixtures at low concentrations.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070360409
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical behavior of polyblended polystyrene and ethylene-propylene-diene rubber by cationic reactions in the melt (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38 (1989), S. 1677-1683 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Attempts have been made to obtain high impact polystyrene by Lewis-acid-initiated degradation process in the melt reactions of PS and EPDM. It is found that impact strength improves whereas tensile strength decreases. This can be interpreted by the increased solubility of the coupled rubber molecules in the continuous phase.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070380908
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbulent drag effectiveness and shear stability of xanthan-gum-based graft copolymers (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 2933-2948 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A number of graft copolymers of xanthan gum and polyacrylamide have been synthesized by grafting acrylamide onto xanthan gum using the ceric-ion-initiated solution polymerization technique. The effects of various synthesis parameters such as amount of catalyst, reaction time, and ratio of xanthan and acrylamide on drag reduction effectiveness of the graft copolymers have been studied. The scaling up of grafting reaction has been accomplished in 40-L reactor. The drag reduction effectiveness of the graft copolymers is investigated over a wide range of concentrations and Reynolds numbers. It is shown that the maximum drag reduction obtainable in xanthan gum solutions above 300 ppm can be obtained in solutions of graft copolymers at concentrations of 100-150 ppm. The grafting also improves the shear stability at higher Reynolds numbers. The shear stability of the graft copolymers at constant wall stress has been found to be superior to polyacrylamide and the mixtures of polyacrylamide and xanthan gum. In general, the shear stability of graft copolymers and polyacrylamide is shown to increase with concentration. The drag reduction characteristics and shear stability have been discussed in terms of structural features of the graft copolymers. The drag reduction characteristics of the graft copolymers are found to be similar to those of flexible polymers.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070371012
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drag-reduction efficiency, shear stability, and biodegradation resistance of carboxymethyl cellulose-based and starch-based graft copolymers (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 1091-1101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft copolymers of carboxymethyl cellulose and starch with polyacrylamide have been synthesized by grafting acrylamide onto carboxymethyl cellulose and starch, respectively, using a ceric-ion-initiated solution polymerization technique. These graft copolymers have been tested for their drag-reduction effectiveness, shear stability, and biodegradability. It has been shown that grafting enhances the drag-reduction effectiveness and shear stability and also that these factors are very much dependent on the length and number of grafts in the molecule. None of the graft copolymer solutions shows any microbial degradation up to 10 days.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070430609
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drag reduction characteristics of graft copolymers of xanthangum and polyacrylamide (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 6163-6176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft copolymers of xanthangum and polyacrylamide have been prepared by grafting acrylamide onto xanthangum using ceric-ion-initiated solution polymerization technique. These graft copolymers have been tested for their drag reduction effectiveness, shear stability, and biodegradability. It has been shown that the grafting enhances the drag reduction effectiveness and biodegradation resistance of xanthangum considerably.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320803
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbulent drag reduction by polymer-fiber mixtures (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 2467-2478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The turbulent drag reduction studies by asbestos fiber mixtures with purified guargum, purified xanthangum, and their graft copolymers have been conducted at low concentration and Re 14000 using turbulent flow rheometer designed by Hoyt. A method for making stock suspension of asbestos fibers is also suggested which gives better drag reduction. It has been found from the present studies that purified guargum-asbestos fiber mixtures give positive synergistic effect even at low concentration and synergism in drag reduction may be caused by a mixture when its constituents are rigid. A simple mixture rule equation having interaction parameter may be used for the prediction of drag reduction by the mixture.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330716
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on impact modification of polystyrene (PS) by ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) rubber and its graft copolymers. I. PS/EPDM and PS/EPDM-g-styrene blends (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40 (1990), S. 685-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) rubber is an excellent rubber for outdoor use. High impact polystyrene (PS) containing EPDM rubber may show improved weathering resistance. PS is incompatible with EPDM; hence bulk polymerization technique is adopted for the synthesis of graft products which show limited compatibility with PS. Two initiators were chosen at two different working temperatures to produce high grafting efficiency and grafting percentage. In the present system, it is shown that the graft copolymer and polystyrene compositions show higher improved impact strength behavior than that of the products based upon simple dispersion of EPDM in polystyrene.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070400505
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