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  • 1
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Liver cell hypoxia ; Nitroimidazole imaging ; Fluorine-18 fluoromisonidazole ; Positron emission tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Fluorine-18 labelled fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) has been shown to accumulate in hypoxic tissue in inverse proportion to tissue oxygenation. In order to evaluate the potential of [18F]FMISO as a possible positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for imaging of liver tissue hypoxia, we measured the [18F]FMISO uptake in 13 domestic pigs using dynamic PET scanning. Hypoxia was induced by segmental arterial hepatic occlusion. During the experimental procedure the fractional concentration of inspired oxygen (FiO2) was set to 0.67 in group A (n=6) and to 0.21 in group B (n=7) animals. Before and after arterial occlusion, the partial pressure of O2 in tissue (TPO2) and the arterial blood flow were determined in normal flow and flow-impaired liver segments. Standardised uptake values [SUV=kBq tissue (in g) / body weight (in kg) × injected dose (in kBq)] for [18F]FMISO were calculated from PET images obtained 3 hours after injection of about 10 MBq/kg body weight [18F]FMISO. Immediately before PET scanning, the mean arterial blood flow was significantly decreased in arterially occluded segments [group A: 0.41 (0.32–0.52); group B: 0.24 (0.16–0.33) ml min–1 g–1] compared with normal flow segments [group A: 1.05 (0.76–1.46); group B: 1.14 (0.83–1.57) ml min–1 g–1; geometric mean (95% confidence limits); P〈0.001 for both groups]. After PET scanning, the TPO2 of occluded segments (group A: 5.1 (4.1–6.4); group B: 3.5 (2.6–4.9) mmHg] was significantly decreased compared with normal flow segments [group A: 26.4 (21.2–33.0); group B: 18.2 (13.3–25.1) mmHg; P〈0.001 for both groups]. During the 3-h PET scan, the mean [18F]FMISO SUV determined in occluded segments increased significantly to 3.84 (3.12–4.72) in group A and 5.7 (4.71–6.9) in group B, while the SUV remained unchanged in corresponding normal liver tissue [group A: 1.4 (1.14–1.71); group B: 1.31 (1.09–1.57); P〈0.001 for both groups]. Regardless of ventilation conditions, a significant inverse exponential relationship was found between the TPO2 and the [18F]FMISO SUV (r 2=0.88, P〈0.001). Our results suggest that because tracer delivery to hypoxic tissues was maintained by the portal circulation, the [18F]FMISO accumulation in the liver was found to be directly related to the severity of tissue hypoxia. Thus, [18F]FMISO PET allows in vivo quantification of pig liver hypoxia using simple SUV analysis as long as tracer delivery is not critically reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Fluorine-18 ; Bone graft viability ; Hip revision arthroplasty ; Positron emission tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The biological fate of allogenic bone grafts in the acetabular cavity and their metabolic activity after acetabular augmentation is uncertain but is most important for the stability of hip implants after hip revision arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to quantify regional bone metabolism after hip replacement operations. Dynamic [18F]fluoride ion positron emission tomography (PET) was used to investigate the metabolic activity of acetabular allogenic bone grafts and genuine bone, either 3–6 weeks (short-term group, n = 9) or 5 months to 9 years (long-term group, n = 10) after hip revision arthroplasty. Applying a three-compartment model, the fluoride influx constant was calculated from individually fitted rate constants (K nlf) and by Patlak graphical analysis (K pat). The results were compared with genuine cancellous and cortical acetabular bone of contralateral hips without surgical trauma (n = 7). In genuine cortical bone, K nlf was significantly increased in short- (+140.9%) and long-term (+100.0%) groups compared with contralateral hips. Allogenic bone grafts were characterised by a significantly increased K nlf in the short-term group (+190.9%) compared with contralateral hips, but decreased almost to the baseline levels of contralateral hips (+45.5%) in the long-term. Values of K nlf cor-related with the rate constant K 1 in genuine (r = 0.89, P〈0.001) and allogenic bone regions (r = 0.79, P〈0.001), indicating a coupling between bone blood flow and bone metabolism in genuine bone as well as allogenic bone grafts. K pat values were highly correlated with K nlf measurements in all regions. In conclusion, [18F]fluoride ion PET revealed the presence of an increased host bone formation in allogenic bone grafts early after hip revision arthroplasty. In contrast to genuine cortical bone, allogenic bone graft metabolism decreased over time, possibly due to a reduced ability to respond to the same extent as genuine bone to elevated metabolic demands after surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Oxydation of lithoxy-methylidynephosphane ; bis(1,2-dimethoxyethane-O,O′)bis(tetrahydrofuran-O(μ-1,2,4-triphospholo[1,2-α]-1,2,4-triphosphol-1,3,5,7-tetraonato(2-)-O1,O7:O3,O5)dilithium ; molecule with a butterfly structure ; lithium diacylphosphanide with unusual E,E configuration ; X-ray structure determination ; 31P{1H} and 13C{1H} nmr spectra ; calculations for an ABMM′X spin system ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Alkylidynephosphanes and -arsanes. II. Oxydation of Lithoxy-methylidynephosphane P≡C—O—Li with Sulphur Dioxide and IodineAt -50°C bis(1,2-dimethoxyethane-O,O′)lithoxymethylidynephosphane P≡C—O—Li(dme)21,2) (1 a) [2] reacts almost quantitatively with sulphur dioxide or iodine in 1,2-dimethoxyethane solution to give bis(1,2-dimethoxyethane-O,O′)bis(tetrahydrofuran-O)(μ-1,2,4-triphospholo[1,2-a]-1,2,4-triphosphol-1,3,5,7-tetraonato(2-)-O1,O7:O3,O5)dilithium (2 a) and lithium dithionite or iodide respectively. From the reaction with sulphur dioxide the crystalline, pale yellow compound is obtained in 40% yield. The formation of the unusual anionic heterocycle, built up of four PCO units, may be explained by an oxydation of two [P≡C—O]- species first, followed by a nucleophilic attack of two other [P≡C—O]- anions and coupled „intramolecular“ cycloaddition reactions. In the 31P{1H} nmr spectrum two phosphorus atoms each of coordination number two and three give rise to two triplets with chemical shift values of 81.4 and 36.9 ppm and a 2J(PP) coupling constant of 31.7 Hz; the 13C{1H} resonances of the [(PCO)4]2- anion come from an ABMM′X spin system, the X part being discussed in detail.An X-ray structure determination {Cmcm; a = 1 277.14(11); b = 1 487.7(2); c = 1 556.94(11) pm at -100 ± 3°C; Z = 4 molecules; R1 = 0.061; wR2 = 0.150} shows compound 2 a to crystallize as a neutral complex of symmetry mm2. The anionic part of the molecule consists of two anellated 1,2-dihydro-5-oxo-1,2,4-triphosphol-3-olate rings which share the central P—P unit (P1—P1′ 215.3; P1-C1 189.1; C1P2 178.4; C1O1 123.9pm; C1—P1—P1′ 98.4; Cl—P1—C1″ 91.2; C1P2C1′ 98.7°). Thus compound 2a may be assigned to the group of P—P heterocycles with a butterfly structure [71-75] as well as to the well-known diacylphosphanides taking into account, however, the unusual E,E configuration of both O=C—P=C—O- units. The lithium cations are square pyramidally coordinate (Li—O 193.5 to 209.1 pm), each additionally binding an 1,2-dimethoxyethane and a tetrahydrofuran molecule.
    Notes: Bis(1,2-dimethoxyethan-O,O′)lithoxy-methylidinphosphan P≡C—O—Li(dme)2(1,2) (1 a) [2] setzt sich bei -50°C mit Schwefeldioxid oder Iod in 1,2-Dimethoxyethan annähernd quantitativ zu dem mit 40proz. Ausbeute aus dem zuerst genannten Ansatz kristallin isolierten Bis(1,2-dimethoxyethan-O,O′)bis(tetrahydrofuran-O)(μ-1,2,4-triphospholo[1,2-a]-1,2,4-triphosphol-1,3,5,7-tetraonato(2-)-O1,O7:O3,O5)dilithium (2 a) und Lithiumdithionit bzw. -iodid um. Die Bildung des aus vier PCO-Einheiten aufgebauten anionischen Heterozyklus läßt sich über eine Redoxreaktion, den nachfolgenden nukleophilen Angriff weiterer [P≡C—O]--Anionen und sich anschließende, gekoppelte „intramolekulare“ Cycloadditionen verstehen. Das 31P{1H}-NMR-Spektrum weist zwei Tripletts mit δ-Werten von 81,4 und 36,9 ppm sowie einer 2J(PP)-Kopplungskonstanten von 31,7 Hz für je zwei Phosphoratome der Koordinationszahlen zwei und drei auf; die 13C{1H}-Resonanzen des [(PCO)4]2--Anions gehören zu einem ABMM′X-Spektrum, dessen X-Teil analysiert wird.Nach den Ergebnissen einer Röntgenstrukturanalyse {Cmcm; a = 1 277,14(11); b = 1 487,7(2); c = 1 556,94(11) pm bei -100 ± 3°C; Z = 4 Moleküle; R1 = 0,061; wR2 = 0,150} an blaßgelben Kristallen liegt Verbindung 2 a als Neutralkomplex mit der Symmetrie mm2 vor. Der anionische Molekülteil baut sich aus zwei an der P—P-Gruppe anellierten 1,2-Dihydro-5-oxo-1,2,4-triphosphol-3-olat-Ringen (P1—P1′ 215,3; P1—C1 189,1; C1P2 178,4; C1O1 123,9 pm; C1-P1-P1′ 98,4; C1—P1—C1″ 91,2; C1P2C1′ 98,7°) auf. Er kann sowohl den P—P-Heterozyklen mit Schmetterlingsstruktur [71-75] als auch den Diacylphosphaniden mit einer allerdings ungewöhnlichen E,E-Konfiguration beider O=C—P=C—O--Einheiten zugeordnet werden. Freie Valenzen an den beiden quadratisch pyramidal koordinierten Lithium-Kationen (Li—O 193,5 bis 209,1 pm) werden durch je einen 1,2-Dimethoxyethan-und Tetrahydrofuran-Liganden abgesättigt.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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