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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Bromocriptine ; Pituitary neoplasm ; Prolactin ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Conventional light microscopy, immunocyto-chemistry, electron microscopy and in situ hybridization were used to evaluate the effect of dopamine agonists (bromocriptine-LAR and bromocriptine) on the morphology of surgically removed prolactin (PRL)-producing pituitary adenomas. Dopamine agonist therapy resulted in decrease of serum PRL, clinical improvement and tumour shrinkage. Using light and electron microscopy cellular atrophy, interstitial and perivascular fibrosis were noted; in several tumours connective tissue accumulation was pronounced. The cellular response was not uniform. In some adenomas populations of large cells and small cells were distinguished. The large cells contained immunoreactive PRL and expressed the PRL gene indicating resistance to dopamine agonists. It appears that these cells retained the potential to secrete PRL and proliferate despite exposure to dopamine agonists. In the small cells, PRL immunoreactivity and PRL gene expression decreased providing evidence that both PRL release and synthesis were blocked. Small cells can persist in tumours after discontinuation of dopamine agonist medication suggesting these small cells are irreversibly suppressed and are not capable of regaining their endocrine function and proliferative capability. The formation of irreversibly suppressed PRL cells may explain why some PRL-producing adenomas do not recur after withdrawal of dopamine agonists.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 98 (1989), S. 9-18 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Schlagwort(e): Brainstem acoustic evoked potentials ; intraoperative monitoring ; cerebellopontine angle ; somatosensory evoked potentials ; neurovascular decompression ; acoustic neurinoma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In 135 cases of posterior fossa surgery almost exclusively in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) intraoperative monitoring of brainstem acoustic evoked potentials (BAEP) and partly somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) was performed. The series consisted of 20 microvascular decompressions, 63 acoustic neurinomas, 7 vascular lesions and 45 other space occupying lesions, mostly in the CPA. BAEP monitoring alone was employed in 76 cases, combined BAEP und SEP monitoring less frequently. The technique of anaesthesia and intraoperative monitoring is presented in detail including an analysis of technical problems (17 in 135=13% of cases) and technical failures (11 of 135=8%). The results of monitoring brainstem pathways contralateral to the lesion are detailed. It is concluded that the technical principles of evoked potential monitoring in posterior fossa surgery are well established. The applications and limits of this technique including its modifications are described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 98 (1989), S. 118-128 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Schlagwort(e): Brainstem auditory evoked potentials ; intraoperative monitoring ; hearing ; cerebello-pontine angle ; acoustic neurinoma ; neurovascular decompression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Of 135 cases operated upon for posterior fossa lesions 103 showed preoperative hearing. In 34 acoustic neurinomas 14 had postoperative initially preserved hearing, in 20 microvascular decompressions 19 had preserved postoperative hearing and in 49 other lesions 5 lost hearing. The relationship between preservation of hearing and the preservation or loss of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) waves I and V in the three groups of namely: acoustic neurinomas, microvascular decompressions and other lesions are presented. It is noteworthy that only patients with preserved waves I or V are suitable candidates for intraoperative monitoring. The loss of wave V is usally associated with hearing loss (10 out of 13 cases). But hearing loss is also possible despite preservation of wave I (3 out of 60) or despite preservation of wave V (2 out of 68). The predictive value of the preservation of waves I and V is not an absolute one, but it strongly suggests preserved hearing postoperatively. The dilemma remains that once waves I or V are lost during surgery there is no certainty as to postoperative hearing. If wave V recovers after an initial loss, hearing is usually preserved but not in all cases. In wave I amplitude changes alone were more frequent than in wave V, where latency changes alone were more frequently observed. Particular surgical manoeuvres could be found to be often associated with a wave deterioration. Hearing preservation could never be achieved in patients who already preoperatively had no BAEP. It is concluded that BAEP monitoring is of great value in surgery for microvascular decompression and cerebello-pontine-angle (CPA) tumours with preserved hearing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 54 (1976), S. 335-338 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Acromegaly ; TRH ; Human growth hormone ; Human prolactin ; Akromegalie ; TRH ; Wachstumshormon ; Prolactin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung TRH kann im Gegensatz zum Gesunden bei Patienten mit aktiver Akromegalie zu einem Anstieg der Wachstumshormon-(hGH)-Spiegel führen, wohingegen die Prolactin-(hPRL)-Sekretion bei aktiver Akromegalie vermindert sein soll. Bei 23 Patienten mit aktiver Akromegalie (hGH: 68,5±19,9 ng/ml; ±SE) und 15 Patienten mit inaktiver Akromegalie (hGH: 2,3±0,4 ng/ml; ±SE) wurde die TRH-induzierte hGH- und hPRL-Sekretion untersucht. Bei 14 der aktiven Akromegalen kam es nach 200 µg TRH i.v. zu einem zum Teil exzessiven Anstieg der hGH-Spiegel auf mindestens das Doppelte des Basalspiegels. Von den Patienten mit inaktiver Akromegalie wurde nur in einem Fall ein solcher TRH-induzierter hGH-Anstieg gefunden. Die basalen hPRL-Spiegel waren bei 9 der Patienten mit aktiver Akromegalie erhöht und lagen bei den übrigen im Bereich der Norm. Mit Ausnahme von 3 Patienten mit normalem hPRL-Spiegel und einer Patientin mit exzessiv erhöhtem Serum-hPRL mit einem hGH-und hPRL-produzierenden Tumor wurde bei allen ein regelrechter Anstieg der hPRL-Sekretion nach TRH beobachtet. Von den inaktiven Akromegalen hatten 9 erniedrigte hPRL-Spiegel und nur 8 einen normalen hPRL-Anstieg nach TRH. Die Patienten mit eingeschränkter hPRL-Sekretion hatten postoperativ auch weitere Zeichen der Hypophysenvorderlappeninsuffizienz. Diese Befunde zeigen im Gegensatz zu früheren Berichten, daß eine normale oder vermehrte hPRL-Sekretion bei aktiver Akromegalie gefunden werden kann. Der paradoxe Anstieg des hGH nach TRH ist mit einem Verlust der Receptorspezifität für GRH der Adenomzelle vereinbar. Ein TRH-induzierter hGH-Anstieg bei inaktiver Akromegalie mit normalen hGH-Basalspiegeln weist auf in der Sella turcica verbliebenes Adenomgewebe hin.
    Notizen: Summary Inappropriate stimulation of growth hormone (hGH)-secretion with TRH in acromegalic subjects has been shown previously, whereas prolactin (hPRL) secretion was reported to be blunted in active acromegaly. In this study TRH induced hGH and hPRL secretion was investigated in 23 active (mean hGH level: 68.5±19.9 ng/ml; ±SE) and 15 inactive acromegalics (mean hGH level: 2.3±0.4 ng/ml; ±SE). Fourteen of the active acromegalics showed a significant increase up to more than double of the basal hGH level after 200 µg TRH while in only one of the inactive acromegalics an inappropriate rise of hGH was induced by TRH. Basal hPRL levels were elevated in 9 and within normal range in 14 of the patients with active acromegaly. Except in 3 patients who had normal basal hPRL levels and in one patient with excessively elevated hPRL and hGH levels due to an hPRL and hGH producing adenoma, all patients had normal hPRL responses to TRH. In those with inactive acromegaly, 9 had hPRL levels below normal and only 8 out of the 15 patients showed a normal rise of hPRL after TRH. The patients who showed no hPRL response to TRH demonstrated also other signs of pituitary insufficiency due to the operative procedure. In contrast to a previous report these findings demonstrate that normal or enhanced hPRL secretion is found in active acromegaly. The inappropriate rise of hGH after TRH is compatible with a loss of specificity of the recptor for GRH of the adenoma cell and can be found also in patients with normal basal hGH levels after treatment suggesting that remaining adenoma tissue is present in the pituitary fossa.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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