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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular characterization of the SCAR markers tightly linked to the Tm-2 locus of the genus Lycopersicon (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 64-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Tomato ; Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) ; Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) ; Tm-2 gene ; Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The Tm-2 gene and its alleles conferring tomato mosaic virus resistance in tomato originate from Lycopersicon peruvianum, a wild relative of tomato. DNA fragments of several RAPD markers tightly linked with the Tm-2 locus in tomato were successfully cloned and sequenced. Subsequently, the 24-mer oligonucleotide primer pairs of the SCAR markers corresponding to the RAPD markers were designed based on the 5’-endmost sequences. A fragment of the same size as that of a SCAR marker was amplified in the ToMV-susceptible tomato line with no Tm-2, but the digests of the PCR fragments by AccI exhibited polymorphism in fragment length between the two lines. We chose three SCAR markers and three RAPD markers tightly linked with the Tm-2 locus, and examined whether the same-sized fragments corresponding to these markers were also present in three other lines carrying Tm-2a or one of the other Tm-2 alleles. The fragments corresponding to the three SCAR markers were present in all of the three lines, but the other markers (three RAPDs ) were absent in one or two lines, suggesting that the three SCAR markers are closer to Tm-2 than the other markers. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of these fragments revealed that they are all homologous to the corresponding SCAR markers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051450
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of RAPD markers linked to the Tm-2 locus in tomato (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 307-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ; Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) ; Disease resistance ; Tomato mosaic virus ; Nearly isogenic lines (NILs)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Tm-2 and Tm-2a are genes conferring resistance to tomato mosaic virus in Lycopersicon esculentum. They are allelic and originated from different lines of L. peruvianum, a wild relative of tomato. In this study, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to these genes were screened in nearly isogenic lines (NILs). To detect RAPDs differentiating NILs, 220 different 10-base oligonucleotide primers were examined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and 43 of them generated 53 consistent polymorphic fragments among the NILs. Out of these 53 fragments, 13 were arbitrarily chosen and examined in respect of whether they were linked to the netted virescent (nv) gene, since nv is tightly linked to the Tm-2 locus and its phenotype is more easily distinguishable. As a result, all 13 markers were shown to be linked to nv, and hence to the Tm-2 locus. Among them, two fragments specific to the NIL carrying Tm-2 three specific to the NIL carrying Tm-2a, and four specific to both of these NILs were closely linked to nv.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221969
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular characterization of RAPD and SCAR markers linked to the Tm-1 locus in tomato (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Tomato ; Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) ; Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) ; Tm-1 gene ; Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We have cloned and sequenced six RAPD fragments tightly linked to the Tm-1 gene which confers tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) resistance in tomato. The terminal ten bases in each of these clones exactly matched the sequence of the primer for amplifying the corresponding RAPD marker, except for one in which the 5′-endmost two nucleotides were different from those of the primer. These RAPD clones did not cross-hybridize with each other, suggesting that they were derived from different loci. From Southern-hybridization experiments, five out of the six RAPD clones were estimated to be derived from middle- or high-repetitive sequences, but not from any parts of the ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA), which are known to be tightly linked with the Tm-1 locus. The remaining clone appeared to be derived from a DNA family consisting of a few copies. These six RAPD fragments were converted to sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, each of which was detectable using a pair of primers having the same sequence as that at either end of the corresponding RAPD clone. All pairs of SCAR primers amplified distinct single bands whose sizes were the same as those of the RAPD clones. In four cases, the SCAR markers were present in the line with Tm-1 but absent in the line without it, as were the corresponding RAPD markers. In the two other cases, the products of the same size were amplified in both lines. When these SCAR products were digested with different restriction endonucleases which recognize 4-bp sequences, however, polymorphisms in fragment length were found between the two lines. These co-dominant markers are useful for differentiating heterozygotes from both types of homozygote.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223369
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of nitric oxide synthesis inhibition on methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotoxicity in the rat brain (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 103 (1996), S. 671-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Schlagwort(e): Nitric oxide (NO·) ; methamphetamine ; neurotoxicity ; dopamine ; serotonin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We examined effects of nitric oxide (NO·) synthesis inhibition on methamphetamine (MA)-induced dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotoxicity. The toxic dose of MA (5 mg/kg, sc, X4) significantly decreased contents of dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the striatum (ST), and significantly decreased contents of serotonin (5-HT) in the ST, nucleus accumbens (NA) and medial frontal contex (MFC). Coadministration with a NO· synthase inhibitor, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (LNAME) (30 mg/kg, ip, X2), reduced the MA-induced decreases in contents of DA, DOPAC and HVA in the ST, but not reduced the MA-induced decreases in contents of 5-HT in the ST, NA and MFC. These findings suggest that the MA-induced dopaminergic, but not serotonergic neurotoxicity, may be related to the neural process such as NO· formation caused by the activation of postsynaptic DA receptor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01271227
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Competitive and noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists protect dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotoxicity produced by methamphetamine in various brain regions (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 92 (1993), S. 97-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Schlagwort(e): Methamphetamine ; neurotoxicity ; N-methyl-D-aspartate ; dopamine ; serotonin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Protective effects of NMDA antagonists on dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotoxicity produced by methamphetamine (MA) were examined. Four injections of MA (7.5 mg/kg, s.c., at 2 h intervals) caused significant decrements (40–60% of control values) in levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites in the rat striatum and levels of serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite in the medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, striatum, anterior hypothalamus, amygdala and hippocampus. These decreases in DA, 5-HT and their metabolites were prevented by pretreatment with MK-801, a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, or D-CPP-ene (SDZ EAA 494), a competitive NMDA antagonist. The results suggest that NMDA receptors play a role for MA-induced serotonergic damage in various brain regions as well as dopaminergic damage in the striatum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244869
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differential effects of haloperidol, clozapine, and fluperlapine on tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons and prolactin secretion in the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 68 (1987), S. 227-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Schlagwort(e): Neuroleptics ; dopamine ; prolactin ; hypothalamus ; clozapine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two atypical neuroleptic agents, clozapine and fluperlapine, produced rapid elevations in plasma PRL concentrations that were similar in magnitude to those produced by haloperidol. However, the PRL response to clozapine or fluperlapine was of much shorter duration than that elicited by haloperidol. Clozapine, but neither fluperlapine nor haloperidol, produced a rapid increase in the activity of tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons, as evidenced by an enhanced accumulation of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in the median eminence after the inhibition of DOPA decarboxylase. The clozapine-induced increase in DOPA accumulation was evident within 30 minutes after its administration and persisted for at least 4 hours. The clozapine-induced increase in the activity of TIDA neurons may account, in part, for the abbreviated PRL response to this neuroleptic. In addition, ability to produce a short-lived increase in PRL secretion in the rat appears to be common to the atypicl neuroleptic drugs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02098500
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