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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine neurotoxicity by the energy inhibitor malonate (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 77 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The acute and long-term effects of the local perfusion of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and the interaction with the mitochondrial inhibitor malonate (MAL) were examined in the rat striatum. MDMA, MAL or the combination of MAL with MDMA was reverse dialyzed into the striatum for 8 h via a microdialysis probe while extracellular dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) were measured. One week later, tissue immediately surrounding the probe was assayed for DA and 5-HT tissue content. Local perfusion of MDMA increased DA and 5-HT release but did not produce long-term depletion of DA or 5-HT in tissue. Malonate also increased both DA and 5-HT release but, in contrast to MDMA, produced only long-term depletion of DA. The combined perfusion of MDMA/MAL synergistically increased the release of DA and 5-HT and produced long-term depletion of both DA and 5-HT in tissue. These results support the conclusion that DA, compared with 5-HT, neurons are more susceptible to mitochondrial inhibition. Moreover, MDMA, which does not normally produce DA depletion in the rat, exacerbated MAL-induced DA depletions. The effect of MDMA in combination with MAL to produce 5-HT depletion suggests a role for bio-energetic stress in MDMA-induced toxicity to 5-HT neurons. Overall, these results highlight the importance of energy balance to the function of DA and 5-HT neurons and to the toxic effects of MDMA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00262.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impaired spatial and sequential learning in rats treated neonatally with d-fenfluramine (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: d-Fenfluramine, a serotonin releaser, was administered to neonatal rats on postnatal days 11–20 (a stage of hippocampal development analogous to third trimester human ontogeny). As adults, the d-fenfluramine-treated offspring exhibited dose-related impairments of sequential and spatial learning and reference memory in the absence of sensorimotor impairments. Procedures to minimize stress and to control for other performance effects prior to testing for spatial learning demonstrated that nonspecific factors did not account for the selective effects of d-fenfluramine on learning and memory. Developmental d-fenfluramine-induced spatial and sequential learning deficits are similar to previous findings with developmental MDMA treatment. By contrast, recent findings with developmental d-methamphetamine treatment showed spatial learning deficits while sparing sequential learning. The spatial learning effects common to all three drugs suggest that they may share a common mechanism of action, however, the effects are not related to long-lasting changes in hippocampal 5-HT levels as no differences were found in adulthood. Whether the cognitive deficits are related to the effects of substituted amphetamines on corticosteroids, other aspects of the 5-HT system, or some unidentified neuronal substrates is not known, but the data demonstrate that these drugs are all capable of inducing long-term adverse effects on learning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02100.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biphasic effect of sigma receptor ligands on the extracellular concentration of dopamine in the striatum of the rat (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 106 (1999), S. 849-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Keywords: (+)-Pentazocine ; di-o-tolylguanidine ; sigma receptor ; dopamine ; striatum ; NMDA receptor.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. The extracellular concentration of dopamine in the striatum of the rat was determined following the intrastriatal infusion of sigma ligands. The administration of (+)-pentazocine (0.3 and 1.0 mM) through a microdialysis probe for 120 min resulted in a biphasic effect on the extracellular concentration of dopamine: a brief increase of approximately 70% followed by a prolonged decrease of approximately 65%. A similar effect on dopamine release was elicited by the (−)-isomer of pentazocine, as well as by di-o-tolylguanidine. In addition, the infusion of the NMDA antagonist 3-(2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP) (100 μM) through the dialysis probe significantly attenuated the initial increase but not the subsequent decrease in dopamine release produced by the intrastriatal infusion of (+)-pentazocine. These data are suggestive that dopamine release in the striatum may be modulated by multiple sigma receptor subtypes and that NMDA receptors may mediate the stimulatory effect of sigma ligands on dopamine release in the striatum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007020050205
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of estrogen on prolactin and tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 40 (1977), S. 235-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serum prolactin concentrations and dopamine turnover in the striatum and median eminence were studied in male rats after the administration of estradiol benzoate. Theα-methyltyrosine-induced reduction of dopamine concentrations in these brain regions was used to evaluate relative rates of turnover. Steady state dopamine concentrations in the median eminence and striatum were not altered by 1, 3 or 5 days of estradiol treatment. However, 3 or 5 days of estradiol administration enhanced dopamine turnover in the median eminence but not in the striatum. Estradiol treatment failed to alter dopamine turnover in the median eminence of hypophysectomized rats. Estradiol increased serum prolactin concentrations at all of the times examined. Althoughα-methyltyrosine also increased serum prolactin, this increase was further enhanced in estradiol-treated rats. The increased prolactin response toα-methyltyrosine and increased dopamine turnover in the median eminence of estradiol-treated rats suggests that tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons may be part of a hormonalneuronal negative feedback loop which functions to regulate prolactin secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01257017
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential effects of haloperidol, clozapine, and fluperlapine on tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons and prolactin secretion in the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 68 (1987), S. 227-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Neuroleptics ; dopamine ; prolactin ; hypothalamus ; clozapine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two atypical neuroleptic agents, clozapine and fluperlapine, produced rapid elevations in plasma PRL concentrations that were similar in magnitude to those produced by haloperidol. However, the PRL response to clozapine or fluperlapine was of much shorter duration than that elicited by haloperidol. Clozapine, but neither fluperlapine nor haloperidol, produced a rapid increase in the activity of tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons, as evidenced by an enhanced accumulation of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in the median eminence after the inhibition of DOPA decarboxylase. The clozapine-induced increase in DOPA accumulation was evident within 30 minutes after its administration and persisted for at least 4 hours. The clozapine-induced increase in the activity of TIDA neurons may account, in part, for the abbreviated PRL response to this neuroleptic. In addition, ability to produce a short-lived increase in PRL secretion in the rat appears to be common to the atypicl neuroleptic drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02098500
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ascorbate and cysteine on the 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced depletion of brain serotonin (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 103 (1996), S. 1397-1404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) ; dopamine ; ascorbic acid ; cysteine ; serotonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The extent of long-term depletion of serotonin (5-HT) produced by 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetmaine (MDMA) was assessd in rats treated with the antioxidants sodium ascorbate or L-cysteine. There was a 30–35% reduction in the striatal concentration of 5-HT 7 days following a single injection of MDMA (20mg/kg, sc). MDMA had no significant effect on striatal concentrations of 5-HT in rats that had been treated with ascorbate (250mg/kg, ip) or cysteine (500mg/kg, ip) 30 min prior to and 5hrs following the administration of MDMA. Treatment with ascorbate or cysteine did not alter the accumulation of MDMA in brain as determined by in vivo microdialysis. Moreover, neither ascorbate nor cysteine altered the stimulation of dopamine release elicited by MDMA. These data are supportive of the view that MDMA-induced toxicity of 5-HT neurons may be related to the production of free radicals and subsequent oxidative damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01271253
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of the site of the haloperidol-induced, prolactin-mediated increase of dopamine turnover in the median eminence: Studies in rats with complete hypothalamic deafferentations (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 42 (1978), S. 181-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Complete hypothalamic deafferentations were made in male rats with a modified Haläsz knife to isolate tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons from the rest of the brain. A radioenzymatic procedure was employed to quantify dopamine and norepinephrine concentrations in various regions of the hypothalamus. Dopamine concentrations were unaltered while norepinephrine concentrations were reduced 50% in the median eminence and hypothalamic island 16–33 days after surgery. Basal serum prolactin concentrations were unaltered in these rats but were elevated 16 hours after the injection of haloperidol and 1 hour afterα-methyltyrosine. The isolation of tuberoinfundibular neurons from the rest of the brain did not alter the ability of haloperidol to increase the rate ofα-methyltyrosine-induced decline of dopamine in the median eminence. These results indicate that the haloperidol-induced, prolactin-mediated increase of dopamine turnover in the median eminence results from a direct action of this hormone on neurons within the medial basal hypothalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01675309
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential drug effects on dopamine concentrations and rates of turnover in the median eminence, olfactory tubercle and corpus striatum (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 38 (1976), S. 95-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dopamine synthesis rates were determined in terminals of tubero-infundibular, mesolimbic and nigrostriatal neuronal systems by observing the decline of dopamine contents in the median eminence, olfactory tubercle and corpus striatum after administration ofα-methyltyrosine. In control (no drug treatment) animals the rate of synthesis of dopamine was greater in the median eminence than in the other two brain regions. Haloperidol increased and piribedil decreased dopamine turnover in the corpus striatum and olfactory tubercle, but not in the median eminence.γ-Butyrolactone increased dopamine concentrations in the olfactory tubercle and striatum without altering the concentration in the median eminence. Thus, the regulatory mechanisms governing the activity of central dopaminergic neurons in the tuberoinfundibular system appear to differ from those in the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01262968
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin on rat prolactin secretion (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 59 (1984), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Dopamine agonist ; prolactin ; dopamine receptor ; 5-HT agonist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 8-OH-DPAT (8-hydroxy-2-[di-n-propylamino] tetralin) is a novel aminotetralin derivative which has been proposed to be a serotonin (5-HT) agonist devoid of dopamine agonist effects. We now report that the administration of 8-OH-DPAT, like known 5-HT agonists, produced a rapid elevation of serum prolactin concentrations in male rats. The prolactin response to 8-OH-DPAT, like that induced by other 5-HT agonists, was greatly potentiated in animals pretreated with the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, para-chlorophenylalanine. However, the 8-OH-DPAT-induced elevation of serum prolactin cocentrations in untreated rats was not dose-dependent and was modest in magnitude compared to that produced by known 5-HT agonists. In contrast to the stimulatory effects of 8-OH-DPAT on prolactin secretionin vivo 8-OH-DPAT suppressed the secretion of prolactin from anterior pituitary tissuein vitro, and this effect was blocked by haloperidol. The results of the present study are supportive of the view that 8-OH-DPAT has dopamine agonist, as well as 5-HT agonist, properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01255412
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Summary of discussions (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. S126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442577
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