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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential immunocytochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein, S-100 protein and glutamine synthetase in the rat subcommissural organ, nonspecialized ventricular ependyma and adjacent neuropil (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 343-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subcommissural organ ; Ependyma ; Astrocytes ; Immunocytochemistry ; Glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein ; S-100 protein ; Glutamine synthetase ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antibodies raised against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA), S-100 protein (S100) and glutamine synthetase (GS) are currently used as glial markers. The distribution of GFA, S100 and GS in the ependyma of the rat subcommissural organ (SCO), as well as in the adjacent nonspecialized ventricular ependyma and neuropil of the periaqueductal grey matter, was studied by use of the immunocytochemical peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. In the neuropil, GFA, S100 and GS were found in glial elements, i.e., in fibrous (GFA, S100) and protoplasmic astrocytes (S100, GS). The presence of S100 in the majority of the ventricular ependymal cells and tanycytes, and the presence of GFA in a limited number of ventricular ependymal cells and tanycytes confirm the glial nature of these cells. The absence of S100, GFA and GS from the ependymocytes of the SCO, which are considered to be modified ependymal cells, suggests either a non-astrocytic lineage of these cells or an extreme specialization of the SCO-cells as glycoprotein-synthesizing and secreting elements, a process that may have led to the disappearance of the glial markers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213941
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental modulation of the response to amphetamine: dissociation between changes in behavior and changes in dopamine and glutamate overflow in the rat striatal complex (2000)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 151 (2000), S. 166-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Keywords Novelty ; Context ; Environment ; Stress ; 6-OHDA ; Rotational behavior ; Striatum ; Nucleus accumbens shell ; Caudate ; Amphetamine ; Dopamine ; Glutamate ; Aspartate ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rationale: We have previously shown that environmental novelty enhances the behavioral activating effects of amphetamine and amphetamine-induced expression of the immediate early gene c-fos in the striatal complex, particularly in the most caudal portion of the caudate. In contrast, we found no effect of novelty on the ability of amphetamine to induce dopamine (DA) overflow in the rostral caudate or in the core of the nucleus accumbens. Objectives: The twofold aim of the present study was to determine the effect of environmental novelty on (1) amphetamine-induced DA overflow in the shell of the nucleus accumbens and in the caudal portions of the caudate, and (2) glutamate and aspartate overflow in the caudal portions of the caudate. Methods: Two groups of rats with a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the mesostriatal dopaminergic system received amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) in physically identical cages. For one group, the cages were also the home environment, whereas, for the other group, they were a completely novel environment. In vivo microdialysis was used to estimate DA, glutamate, and aspartate concentrations. Results: Environmental novelty enhanced amphetamine-induced rotational behavior (experiments 1–3) but did not alter amphetamine-induced DA overflow in either the shell of the nucleus accumbens (experiment 1) or the caudate (experiment 2). In addition, the ability of environmental novelty to enhance amphetamine-induced behavioral activation was not associated with changes in glutamate or aspartate efflux in the caudate (experiment 3). Conclusions: The present data indicate that the psychomotor activating effects of amphetamine can be modulated by environmental context independent of its primary neuropharmacological actions in the striatal complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002139900359
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of protein synthesis in morphologically classified bovine follicular oocytes before and after maturation in vitro (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 26 (1990), S. 222-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Cow ; Classification ; Cumulus oocyte complexes ; In vitro maturation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Bovine cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were isolated from antral ovarian follicles (4-8 mm). Immature COCs were classified into four categories, based on the homogeneity and clearness of the ooplasm and the transparency and compactness of the cumulus investment. In this study, the incorporation of TCA-precipitable 35S-methionine and the protein synthesis patterns of oocytes of these four categories were examined. Before maturation in vitro, similar incorporation rates and identical protein synthesis patterns were observed between oocytes of categories 1-3. Immature oocytes of category 4 showed reduced incorporation rates and exhibited aberrant protein synthesis patterns. After maturation in vitro, the patterns of category 4 oocytes were identical with the patterns of those in categories 1-3. The incorporation of 35S-methionine into in vitro matured oocytes was lower (P 〈 .001) in all categories.Based on these results, it is concluded that the initial classification of oocytes into four categories can be reduced to two categories.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080260305
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of α-amanitin and cycloheximide on nuclear progression, protein synthesis, and phosphorylation during bovine oocyte maturation in vitro (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 28 (1991), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Cow ; In vitro maturation ; Inhibitors ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Bovine cumulus oocyte complexes were cultured for various periods and either denuded and orcein stained or radiolabeled with 35S-methionine or 32P-orthophosphate. Specific inhibitors were added to the culture medium to investigate mRNA and protein synthesis requirements for both nuclear and cytoplasmic changes during maturation in vitro. Inhibition of mRNA synthesis by α-amanitin during the first 2 h of culture prevented the phosphorylation of some specific proteins preceding GVBD and decreased the occurrence of GVBD from 97% to 27%. In addition, in oocytes that had undergone GVBD, only part of the changes in protein synthesis after GVBD were observed. Addition of α-amanitin after 3 h of culture had no effect on meiotic maturation. When cumulus oocyte complexes were cultured in the presence of cycloheximide, the phosphorylation of specific proteins was also blocked and only 5% of the oocytes underwent GVBD. Addition of cycloheximide after 4, 6, or 8 h of culture resulted in an increasing percentage of GVBD, but the oocytes became arrested in metaphase I. When cycloheximide was added from 12 h of culture onwards, nuclear progression to metaphase II was increasingly restored.It is concluded that after the onset of culture, both mRNA and protein synthesis are necessary for the phosphorylation of specific proteins and for GVBD. Further-more, transcription during the first hours of culture is needed for the synthesis of new proteins after GVBD.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080280306
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein synthesis and phosphorylation patterns of bovine oocytes maturing in vivo (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 29 (1991), S. 271-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Cow ; Maturation ; Oocyte ; Protein phosphorylation ; Superovulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To investigate protein synthesis and phosphorylation during bovine oocyte maturation in vivo, oocytes were collected at consecutive times after the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) peak. Therefore, heifers treated for superovulation were ovariectomized between 3 and 20 h after the maximum of the LH peak. Subsequently, cumulus-enclosed oocytes, selected from nonatretic follicles 〉10 mm, were radiolabeled with 35S-methionine or 32P-orthophosphate for 3 h and individually prepared for gel electrophoresis. Changes in the protein synthesis patterns were observed coinciding with germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). No changes were detected during the ensuing maturation period or coinciding with the extrusion of the first polar body. In addition, the protein phosphorylation patterns exhibited striking differences around GVBD. In particular, a phosphoprotein band of 19 kDa and the two heavily phosphorylated proteins with apparent molecular weights between 50 and 60 kDa were present in patterns of oocytes in the germinal vesicle stage. The results are discussed in relation to previous data obtained during maturation in vitro.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080290309
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parathyroid hormone-induced changes in alkaline phosphatase expression in fetal calvarial osteoblasts: Differences between rat and mouse (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 155 (1993), S. 36-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We studied the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on two markers of the osteoblast phenotype: alkaline phosphatase (AP) (activity and mRNA) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation. Osteoblast-like cells derived from fetal rat (ROB) and mouse (MOB) calvariae were isolated by collagenase treatment. Cells were cultured in α-Minimal Essential Medium (MEM) with 2% fetal calf serum (FCS) for 4 days. In ROB and MOB bPTH(1-34) induced a fast increase (up to 5 minutes) in cAMP accumulation. When equal amounts of cells were seeded, the cAMP accumulation was higher in MOB than in ROB. No difference in basal AP activity was observed between ROB and MOB. When bPTH(1-34) was added to ROB for the last 24 or 48 hr, AP activity decreased dose dependently. However, MOB treated with bPTH(1-34) for the last 24 or 48 hours showed an increase of AP activity. Basal AP activity was positively correlated with the seeding density of ROB and MOB cultures. Basal AP activity influenced the degree of inhibition (ROB) or stimulation (MOB) after incubation with bPTH(1-34). © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041550106
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoradiographic demonstration of gastrin binding sites in rat gastric mucosa
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 8 (1987), S. 391-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Autoradiography ; Chief cell ; Fundus ; Gastrin ; Generative zone ; Parietal cell ; Rat ; Stomach
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0196-9781(87)90116-1
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous neuronal firing patterns in fetal rat cortical networks during development in vitro: a quantitative analysis (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 69 (1987), S. 43-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Spike train analysis ; Spontaneous activity ; Primary culture ; Neuronal development ; Occipital cortex ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of spontaneous bioelectric activity (SBA) was studied in dissociated occipital cortex cultures prepared from 19 day old rat fetuses. All cultures, recorded one per diem from 5 to 33 days in vitro (div), showed SBA. Computer analysis of 76 extracellularly recorded single unit spike trains was carried out after selection on the basis of stationarity criteria. Statistically significant developmental trends were found in (i) interspike interval dependencies and (ii) fluctuations in mean firing rate, on the order of a minute or longer. The highly dependent firing patterns, including stereotyped bursting, were present mostly in the 9–12 div group, whereas minute-to-minute fluctuations in the intensity of firing were considerably more pronounced in the oldest group (22–33 div) than in the younger cultures. In addition, firing categories defined on the basis of factor-analysis revealed that such fluctuations were almost exclusively to be found in neurons which fired in a pronounced ‘burst’, rather than a relatively continuous fashion. Only a few mature appearing synaptic structures were observed electron microscopically prior to 12 div, but increased steadily in number thereafter. No cultures prior to 14 div, but all cultures older than this, stained positively for the presence of glutamic acid decarboxylase. An extensive immunoreactive, putative GABAergic, network was present by three weeks in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247027
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic properties of the antimuscarinic drug [3H]-hexahydro-sila-difenidol in the rat (1990)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 342 (1990), S. 146-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Pharmacokinetics ; [3H]-Hexahydro-siladifenidol ; Sila-drug ; Rat ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of tritiated hexahydrosila-difenidol ([3H]-HHSiD) were examined in rats. Furthermore, the distribution of radioactivity was studied by means of whole body autoradiography. After i. v. administration of 2.9 mg/kg HHSiD plus [3H]-HHSiD to anaesthetized rats bearing a catheter implanted in the ductus choledochus and receiving a mannitol infusion, HHSiD was rapidly distributed and metabolized. Only 5% of the radioactivity was recovered in blood after 23 s and 0.4% after 2.5 h. 64% of the plasma radioactivity could be extracted with hexane from the samples taken 23 s after administration. 52% of the radioactivity was eliminated within 2.5 h, 13% by urinary and 39% by biliary excretion. Following oral administration of 8.6 mg/kg HHSiD plus [3H]-HHSiD there was an absorption of approximately one fourth of the administered radioactivity within 4 h. By means of whole body autoradiography (i. v. injection) as well as by tissue distribution measurement the highest levels of radioactivity were found in bile, urine, lung, kidney, adrenals, liver and pancreas. Thus, after i. v. administration to rats HHSiD is rather quickly distributed, metabolized and excreted. This explains its low antimuscarinic potency in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166957
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of morphine on different aspects of social play in juvenile rats (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 117 (1995), S. 225-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Social play ; Opioid ; Morphine Environment ; Social isolation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To clarify the influence of opioids on social play, the effects of morphine on playful and non-playful social behavior in juvenile rats was investigated under different conditions. Environmental variables employed were different (dim and intense) levels of illumination during testing, familiarity to the test cage, and different periods of social isolation prior to testing. Under dim light conditions, morphine markedly increased playful social behavior, such as pinning, boxing/wrestling and following/chasing, whereas non-playful social behavior such as social exploration and contact behavior was hardly affected. This effect of morphine was independent of duration of previous isolation and dose-dependent, with a maximal effect at 1.0 mg/kg. The mechanism of this effect is interpreted as an action on the rewarding aspects of play. A dose of 0.1 mg/kg of morphine abolished the initial suppression of play induced by unfamiliarity to the test cage, without influencing total levels of play. This may be an effect of morphine on the integration of sensory stimuli. Under intense light conditions, where playful behavior was completely suppressed, morphine itself hardly affected such behavior, but decreased some aspects of non-playful social behavior. These results suggest that in juvenile rats playful and non-playful forms of social behavior are differentially regulated. In addition, opioid systems may be involved at different levels in the regulation of social play.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245191
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