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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Two morphologically different types of retinal axon terminals in the rat's dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and their relationships to the X- and Y-channel (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 36 (1979), S. 523-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Rat ; dLGN ; Retinal afferents ; X- and Y-channel ; Geniculo-cortical relay cells ; HRP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the rat's dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) two types of retino-geniculate axon terminals have been visualized electron microscopically in adult and juvenile material as well as in Golgi-Kopsch and Golgi-Rapid impregnated sections. The two types differ in size and number of boutons. 2a-terminals have large, sparse boutons, mainly connected with branching zones of geniculo-cortical relay cells (GCR cells). 2b-terminals bear numerous small boutons forming simple contacts with more distal segments of GCR cell dendrites. We are not able to give any information about participation of either type in complex synaptic zones. After horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injection in the superior colliculus optic tract fibres and lateral fibre bundles in the dLGN are labelled with reaction product. Besides these tracts the terminal branching zones of retino-tectal fibre collaterals in the dLGN also show reaction product. As a result of the good visualization of these retinal terminals by the HRP-method they are identified as 2a-terminals. We conclude that 2a-terminals may represent the Y-channel projecting from the retina to both the superior colliculus and the dLGN.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238520
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural development of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of genetically microphthalmic mice (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 60 (1985), S. 527-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Electron microscopy ; Lateral geniculate nucleus ; Mouse ; Mutant ; Microphthalmia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of microphthalmic mice is described in affected white homozygotes (mi/mi) and their apparently normal grey littermates. In the dLGN of mi/mi animals populations of apparently normal axon terminals were observed, including some with flattened synaptic vesicles and other small terminals with round vesicles and dark mitochondria (RSD), possibly of cortico-thalamic origin, just as in normal mice. However, no typical large retinal endings with round vesicles and pale mitochondria (RLP) are visible. Instead they appear to be replaced by other large boutons with round vesicles and dark mitochondria (RLD). Eye enucleation does not cause degeneration of these RLD terminals. In apparently normal grey littermates RLP terminals are present and they degenerate when an eye is enucleated. But RLD endings are also found in these animals, and never degenerate after enucleation. The origin of the RLD terminals is unclear but seems not to be cortical. These findings are compared with those of Cullen and Kaiserman-Abramof (1976) in a different strain (ZRDCT-An) of anophthalmic mouse in which they found large replacement terminals similar to our RLD boutons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236938
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Abnormally phosphorylated protein tau in the cortex of aged individuals of various mammalian orders (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 100 (2000), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Aging ; Animal model ; Cortex ; Microtubule-associated protein tau ; Hyperphosphorylation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Aged individuals of mammalian species displaying hyperphosphorylated tau protein may be suitable natural models for investigating neurodegenerative alterations occurring, for example, in Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, autoptic tissue from the entorhinal, motor and prefrontal cortices of 14 mammalian species was screened using the monoclonal antibody AT8, which is directed against a phosphorylated epitope of human tau and applicable to the tissues of aged domestic animals, as shown in previous studies. AT8-immunoreactive neuronal processes and perikarya were revealed in Campbell’s guenon, rhesus monkey, baboon, rabbit, spectacled bear, guanaco, reindeer and bison. Signs for considerable neuropathological alterations in aged bisons also included neuropil threads, whereas AT8 immunoreactivity in the other species was only sparsely scattered. Hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain of an 28-year-old rhesus monkey was also detected by AT100, PHF-1 and TG-3 antibodies, but only in the hippocampal formation and entorhinal cortex, which are known as starting point for tangle spreading in the cortex of Alzheimer patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010000183
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Topographic differences in retinal axons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the rat: a quantitative reexamination using anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 69 (1988), S. 481-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Retinal axons ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Retinal endings in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the rat were visualized by anterogradely transported horseradish peroxidase following injections in the optic tract. The morphological findings confirm the two types of retinal axons previously suggested by Golgi investigations. In the caudal third of the dLGN type 2b axons, with small dense clusters of boutons, are the only representatives of retinal fibres seen. In the rostral two thirds they are intermingled with the larger type 2a terminals, but tend to accumulate laterally, adjacent to the optic tract. This study supports the concept that large retinal ganglion cells probably give rise to 2a axons that may represent a Y-like channel, whereas 2b axons are derived from small ganglion cells, and may relay a W-like pathway.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247302
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of the rat dorsal and ventral striatopallidal system A study using the GABAA-receptor α1-subunit and parvalbumin immunolabeling (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 121 (1998), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Key words GABAA-receptor α1-subunit ; Parvalbumin ; Striatum ; Pallidum ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  The ventral striatum is more closely related to limbic brain regions than the dorsal striatum in spite of the remarkable similarities in the structural organization between these two brain regions. The present study is focused on the comparison of ventral striatopallidal territories and the dorsal striatopallidal system regarding the GABAA-receptor α1-subunit and parvalbumin immunoreactivity, as these markers showed specific distribution patterns and coexpression sites in the more intensely studied dorsal regions. Our investigations revealed that: (1) Parvalbumin single-labeled cells and a moderate number of neurons single-labeled with the GABAA-receptor α1-subunit exist not only in the dorsal but also in the ventral striatum, including the striatal cell bridges. In addition, morphologically similar neurons positive for the α1-subunit were also found in the corpus callosum and anterior commissure. (2) A small number of double-labeled neurons was seen not only in dorsal but also in ventral striatal regions. Such cells were mainly located near the border with the globus pallidus and ventral pallidum. They are likely to represent a further type of striatal neuron. (3) The vast majority of neurons in the entopeduncular nucleus, the homologue of the primate internal globus pallidus segment, coexpressed α1-subunit and parvalbumin immunoreactivity, as reported previously for the other pallidal compartments. (4) The islands of Calleja adjoining the ventral pallidal extensions in the olfactory tubercle exhibited a strong α1-subunit immunoreactivity in the neuropil as well as somata single- or double-labeled for both markers. Our findings indicate that the dorsal and ventral striatopallidal compartments are similarly organized in general with respect to the occurrence and distribution of single- and double-labeled parvalbumin-immunoreactive and GABAA-receptor α1-subunit-immunoreactive neurons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050454
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of geniculo-tectal relay neurons in the rat's ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (1982)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 45 (1982), S. 84-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Rat ; vLGN ; Geniculo-tectal relay cells ; HRP ; Golgi-method
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the rat's ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN), geniculo-tectal relay neurons (GTR-neurons) could be identified by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) after injection in the superior colliculus (SC). GTR-neurons correspond to class III cells described by Brauer and Schober (1973) in Golgi preparations of the rat's vLGN. The distribution of GTR-neurons is restricted to the lateral subnucleus of vLGN. According to Swanson et al. (1974), the axons of these cells terminate in lower Stratum griseum superficiale and in Stratum opticum, Stratum griseum intermedium and Stratum album intermedium of SC. The GTR-neurons are characterized by very thick and long proximal dendritic segments which have a smooth surface. Dendrites branch preponderantly in their distal regions and only in this part form many multiform protrusions. There is some evidence that retinal axons terminate on these dendritic surface structures. The supposed differences in the afferent patterns between GTR-neurons in the vLGN and geniculo-cortical relay neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235765
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