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  • Rat  (5)
  • Notfallendoskopie  (3)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (2)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacological characterization of the physostigmine stimulus in rats (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 95 (1988), S. 553-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Drug discrimination ; Physostigmine ; M1 receptors ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Rats were trained to discriminate 0.10 mg/kg SC physostigmine from saline in a two-lever food-reinforced task. There was generalization to the acetylcholine esterase inhibitor THA as well as to the muscarinic receptor agonists arecoline, oxotremorine and RS 86, but not to neostigmine or nicotine. The physostigmine cue was blocked by SC scopolamine hydrobromide and by ICV pirenzepine, but not by scopolamine methylbromide or by mecamylamine. These antagonism studies suggest that the discriminative cue elicited by physostigmine might be mainly mediated by central M1 receptors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172975
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Role of NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in synaptic transmission in rat piriform cortex (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 82 (1990), S. 451-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Glutamate receptors ; NMDA receptor ; Olfactory cortex ; DNQX ; AP5 ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacology of synaptic transmission was studied in slices of rat piriform cortex using the selective non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX) and the selective NMDA receptor antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate (D-AP5). DNQX produced a dose-dependent blockade of synaptic transmission at both lateral olfactory tract and associational system synapses with half-maximal effects at about 2.5 μM. D-AP5 had no significant effects on field potentials recorded in medium containing 2.5 mM Mg++. However in low Mg++ (100–200 μM) medium, D-AP5 did reduce a slow component of postsynaptic responses in both synaptic systems. In Mg++-free medium, 20 μM DNQX did not completely block transmission; the remaining response components were blocked by D-AP5. These results suggest that normal synaptic transmission in the two main inputs to the superficial layers of piriform cortex is mediated by non-NMDA receptors but that NMDA receptors can also participate under conditions where the Mg++ block of the NMDA channel is alleviated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231264
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Contribution of single-unit spike waveform changes to temperature-induced alterations in hippocampal population spikes (1996)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 107 (1996), S. 348-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Hippocampus ; Temperature ; Granule cell ; Exploration ; Fascia dentata ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Brain temperature changes accompany exploratory behavior and profoundly affect field potential amplitudes recorded in hippocampus. The waveform alterations in fascia dentata include a reduction in population spike area, which might be explained by fewer granule cells firing in response to a given stimulus or by an alteration in the size or shape of the individual action potentials. This study was designed to assess these alternate possibilities. In experiment 1, changes in the shape and firing rates of single cells recorded in the fascia dentata of awake rats were compared with changes in the population spike before and after a bout of activity. Single-unit amplitudes were significantly reduced following exploration, and there was a small (〈 3%) change in unit spike-width. These changes, however, were insufficient to account, in a linear fashion, for the entire decline in the population spike. In experiment 2, radiant heat was used to manipulate brain temperature in anesthetized rats. As in the first experiment, the magnitude of change in the extracellular units was much smaller than the change in population spike amplitude. The spontaneous firing rates of the cells were also modified by brain temperature changes. In experiment 3, the polysynaptic, contralateral commissural response (which covaries with changes in the ipsilateral population spike at a fixed temperature) was measured as a function of either exploratory behavior or radiant heat. The relationship between the ipsilateral population spike and corresponding polysynaptic commissural response was altered following exploration and passive warming in a manner consistent with a reduction in net granule cell output, reduced transmission efficacy through the polysynaptic circuit, or a combination of these. Taken together these data suggest that at least two factors contribute to temperature-dependent changes in the perforant path-evoked population spikes recorded in the fascia dentata: changes in the size of individual action potentials and alterations in discharge of action potentials in response to a given stimulus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230417
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex differences in the discriminative stimulus effects of m-chlorophenylpiperazine and ethanol withdrawal (2000)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 149 (2000), S. 170-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words  m-Chlorophenylpiperazine ; Drug discrimination ; Ethanol withdrawal ; Anxiety ; 17β-estradiol ; Sex difference ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Rationale: The serotonergic system plays a role in regulation of anxiety and ethanol withdrawal (EW). Nevertheless, few studies have assessed sex differences in serotonergic effects on EW. Objectives: This study examined sex differences in the anxiogenic stimu-li induced by a serotonin (5-HT)1b/2 agonist, meta- chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), prior to ethanol and during EW. Methods: Gonadectomized or sham-operated adult male and female rats and 17β-estradiol (2.5 mg, 21-day release, s.c.) -replaced ovariectomized (OVX) rats were trained to discriminate mCPP (1.2 mg/kg, i.p.) from saline in a two-lever choice task for food. Latency to the first lever press and mCPP lever selection were measured following mCPP (0–1.2 mg/kg). Rats then received chronic ethanol-containing liquid diet (6.5%) for 10 days and were tested for mCPP lever selection 12 h and 36 h after removal of ethanol. Results: Fewer sham female and β-estradiol-replaced OVX rats selected the mCPP lever than male or OVX rats, and showed an increased initiation latency after mCPP injection. During EW (12 h and 36 h), fewer sham female and β-estradiol-replaced OVX rats responded on the mCPP-lever after saline injection as well as after mCPP challenge than male or OVX rats. Castration did not alter any response of male rats to mCPP. Conclusions: (1) mCPP discrimination is a useful measure of EW in male and female rats; and (2) sham female and β-estradiol-replaced OVX rats are less sensitive to the discriminative stimulus prior to and during EW, but more sensitive to impaired behavioral initiation induced by mCPP than male or OVX rats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002139900353
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of the scopolamine stimulus in rats (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 95 (1988), S. 195-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Drug discrimination ; Scopolamine cue ; Muscarinic agonists ; Muscarinic antagonists ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The discriminative stimulus properties of scopolamine, a potent antagonist at muscarinic receptors, were used for testing the discriminative effects of drugs known to act on cholinergic transmission. Rats were trained in a standard two-bar operant conditioning procedure with food as the reinforcer, according to a FR10 schedule. The training dose of scopolamine was progressively reduced from 0.25 mg/kg SC to the low dose of 0.062 mg/kg SC. Scopolarmine yielded an accurate discrimination in all the six rats tested. The generalization gradient resulted in an ED50 of 0.027 mg/kg. The scopolamine cue lasted for 1 h and was of central origin, since it was not mimicked by scopolamine methylbromide. The scopolamine stimulus generalized to atropine and trihexyphenidyl (respective ED50 values 2.20 and 0.21 mg/kg SC). Atropine depressed rate of responding, while trihexyphenidyl did not. Antagonism experiments with both direct agonists at the muscarinic receptor (arecoline and oxotremorine) and indirect agonists, i.e., inhibitors of the acetylcholine esterase [physostigmine and tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA)], led to inconsistent results. Increasing the doses of the agonists in order to block the scopolamine cue may be limited by their rate suppressant effect on responding. Based upon previously published results, it is suggested that the muscarinic agonist cue is more useful than the antagonist cue for investigating muscarinic transmission.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174509
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    371. Das blutende Gastroduodenalulcus — Enscheidungsfindung und Therapieplanung (1986)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 369 (1986), S. 869-870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Schlagwort(e): Medical decision making ; Bleeding peptic ulcer ; Recurrent haemorrhage ; Emergency endoscopy ; Entscheidungsfindung ; Ulcusblutung ; Rezidivblutung ; Notfallendoskopie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Das Hauptproblem in der Therapie des blutenden Ulcus ist die Rezidiv-Blutung nach konservativer oder endoskopischer Blutstillung. Die dann erforderliche Not-OP hat eine hohe Letalität (16%) gegenüber der elektiven OP (7%). Neue Therapie-Richtlinien: Endoskopische Blutstillung in jedem Blutungsstadium. Forrest la: Frühoperation. Forrest I b, II: Kontrollendoskopie nach 24 h. Die wiederholte endoskopische Kontrolle und Blutstillung führt vermehrt zu einer elektiven und selektiven Chirurgie mit einer Abnahme der postoperativen Komplikationen.
    Notizen: Summary The main problem in therapy of bleeding peptic ulcer is recurrent haemorrhage after conservative or endoscopic haemostasis. Mortality of emergency operations due to rebleeding was more than twice as high (16%) as mortality of elective operations (7%). New regimen: Endoscopic haemostasis regardless of Forrest stage. Forrest I a: Early operation. Forrest I b, 11: Second endoscopy after 24 h. Repeated endoscopic treatment leads to more elective and selective surgery with decrease of postoperative complications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01274691
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    332. Das blutende gastroduodenal-Uleus — herausforderung für endoskopie und chirurgie (1987)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 372 (1987), S. 943-944 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Schlagwort(e): Bleeding peptic ulcer ; Recurrent hemorrhage ; Emergency endoscopy ; Ulcusblutung ; Rezidivblutung ; Notfallendoskopie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Durch ein aggressiveres endoskopisch-chirurgisches Therapieschema (endoskopische Blutstillung unabhängig vom Forrest-Stadium, F Ia: Auch nach erfolgreicher Unterspritzung OP innerhalb 6 h, F Ib, II: Kontroll-Endoskopie und evtl. nochmalige Unterspritzung) konnten die Ergebnisse -signifikant verbessert werden: Senkung der Re-Blutungsrate von 35% auf 16% (P〈0,05), der Notfall-OP-Rate wegen Re-Blutung von 66% auf 28% (P 〈 0,05), Senkung der Letalität von 14,3% auf 6,3%.
    Notizen: Summary Using a new therapeutic regimen for bleeding peptic ulcers, the results improved significantly: endoscopic hemostasis regardless of the Forrest stage, F I a: early operation within 6 h, even if the primary endoscopic hemostasis was successful; F I b, 11: second endoscopy within 24 h and repeat hemostasis, if necessary. The rate of rebleeding was reduced from 35% to 16% (sP〈 0.05), the rate of emergency operations due to rebleeding from 66% to 28% (P〈0.05), and mortality decreased from 14.3% to 6.3%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01298117
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of an amino acid substitution in the benA, β-tubulin gene of Aspergillus nidulans that confers thiabendazole resistance and benomyl supersensitivity (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 17 (1990), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): benzimidazole ; anti-microtubule agents ; carbendazim ; nocodazole ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: We are using molecular genetic techniques to identify sites of interaction β-tubulin with benzimidizole anti-microtubule agents. We have developed a marker-rescue technique for cloning mutant alleles of the benA, β-tubulin gene of Aspergillus nidulans and have used the technique to clone two mutant benA alleles, benA16 and benA19. These are the only A. nidulans alleles known to confer resistance to the benzimidazole antimicrotubule agent thiabendazole and supersensitivity to other benzimidazole antimicrotubule agents including benomyl and its active breakdown product, carbendazim. benA16 has been shown, moreover, to reduce thiabendazole binding to β-tubulin. We have sequenced the two mutant alleles and have found that they carry different nucleotide changes that cause the same single amino acid substitution, valine for alanine at amino acid 165. Since thiabendazole and carbendazim differ at only one side chain, the R2 group, we conclude that the region around amino acid 165 is involved in the binding of the R2 group of benzimidazole antimicrotubule agents to β-tubulin.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970170204
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amino acid alterations in the benA (β-tubulin) gene of Aspergillus nidulans that confer benomyl resistance (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 22 (1992), S. 170-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): nocodazole ; carbendazim ; antimicrotubule agents ; thiabendazole ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: We report the cloning and sequencing of 18 mutant alleles of the benA, β-tubulin gene of Aspergillus nidulans that confer resistance to the benzimidazole antifungal, antimicrotubule compounds benomyl, carbendazim, nocodazole, and thia-bendazole. In 12 cases, amino acid 6 was changed from histidine to tyrosine or leucine. In four cases, amino acid 198 was changed from glutamic acid to aspartic acid, glutamine, or lysine. In two cases, amino acid 200 was altered from phenylalanine to tyrosine. These data, along with previous data indicating that amino acid 165 is involved in the binding of the R2 group of these compounds [Jung and Oakley, 1990: Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 17:87-94], suggest that regions of β-tubulin containing amino acids 6, 165, and 198-200 interact to form the binding site of benzimidazole antimicrotubule agents. These results also suggest that the presence of phenylalanine at amino acid 200 contributes to the great sensitivity of many fungi to benzimidazole antimicrotubule agents. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970220304
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    171. Notfallendoskopie beim akuten Abdomen (1984)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 364 (1984), S. 494-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Schlagwort(e): Acute abdominal disease ; Emergency endoscopy ; Perforated peptic ulcer ; Pseudo-obstruction of the colon ; Akutes Abdomen ; Notfallendoskopie ; Gedeckte Ulcusperforation ; Pseudoobstruktion des Colons
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Das akute Abdomen ist eine chirurgische Erkrankung, die durch Anamnese, Inspektion, Palpation, Auskultation beurteilt wird. Im besonderen Fall unter besonderen Umständen bedarf es der Endoskopie. Beim Verdacht auf Ulcusperforation wird inspiziert. Der differentialdiagnostische Gewinn exakter Befundlokalisation ist größer als das Risiko der Eröffnung einer gedeckten Perforation. Die akute biliäre Pankreatitis, die tumor- oder steinbedingte septiforme Cholangitis wird durch ERCP, Sphincterotomie, Steinextraktion bzw. transpapilläre Ablaufsonde endoskopisch beherrscht. Die Pseudoobstruktion des Colons wird durch transanal ins Colon transversum eingeführte Dekompressionssonde erfolgreich beseitigt.
    Notizen: Summary An acute abdominal disorder is a surgical disease, diagnosed by anamnesis, inspection, palpation and auscultation. In a special case and under special circumstances endoscopy is necessary. When we suspect perforation of a peptic ulcer, we perform endoscopy. The advantage of exact differential diagnosis is greater than the risk of opening a covered perforation. Acute biliary pancreatitis and tumorous or concremental septiform cholangitis should be controlled endoscopically by ERCP, sphincterotomy, stone extraction or biliary drainage, respectively. Pseudo-obstruction of the colon will be relieved by the insertion of decompressing tubes into the transverse colon per anum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01823344
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