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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of invA, pagC and spvC genes amongSalmonella isolates from animals (1995)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 19 (1995), S. 167-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: diagnosis ; gene ; invA ; pagC ; Salmonella ; spvC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract New molecular diagnostic techniques often rely on hybridization or amplification of specific DNA regions to detect pathogenic bacteria. The choice of genes to be used as probes or as the targets of amplification techniques is critical to the success of these procedures. The genes so used might best be those associated with virulent isolates and having a wide distribution among such isolates. In this study three genes,invA, pagC andspvC, thought to be associated with the virulence of salmonellae, were labelled and used to probe the total DNA from 103Salmonella isolates from animals in an attempt to determine whether these genes might be useful in diagnostic procedures.pagC was detected in 99% of theSalmonella tested, andinvA was detected in 94.2% of the isolates. BothpagC andinvA were detected with a significantly higher frequency thanspvC in isolates from chickens and swine, but no significant difference in detection of these three genes occurred when bovine isolates were examined. Failure to detect any of these genes occurred in only one isolate. Isolates from apparently healthy or from clinically ill chickens and swine could not be distinguished by detecting these three genes. The genes were not detected in the non-Salmonella strains tested. These results suggest that, of these three genes,pagC may be the best choice for use as a probe or polymerase chain reaction target in future detection protocols.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01839295
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection and characterization ofSalmonella typhimurium from a dairy herd in North Dakota (1995)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 19 (1995), S. 3-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: antibiotic resistance ; cattle ; delayed secondary enrichment ; detection ; faeces ; primary enrichment ; Salmonella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nasal secretions, faecal samples and buffy coats were obtained from 102 cattle from a North Dakota dairy herd with a history of calf scours. Treated buffy coats, faecal samples and nasal secretions were inoculated into tetrathionate broth (TB), incubated at 37°C overnight, and plated onto brilliant green agar medium with novobiocin (BGAN). The TB was left at room temperature for 5 days and then used to inoculate fresh TB. The fresh TB was incubated at 37°C over night and plated onto BGAN medium. All the plates were incubated at 37°C over night and observed forSalmonella-like growth. Suspect colonies were further tested andSalmonella isolates were serotyped by the National Veterinary Services laboratory. Twenty-two of the 36 calves sampled harbouredS. typhimurium in their faeces, but no samples from cows were positive. NoSalmonella were isolated from the buffy coats, but 4 calves were shown to haveSalmonella in their nasal secretions. Extended enrichment of the faecal cultures in TB resulted in a significant increase inSalmonella isolations, although 2 samples were positive following the initial enrichment period and not after secondary enrichment. The typicalSalmonella isolate detected from this herd contained a transmissible R-plasmid encoding resistance to tetracycline, kanamycin, sulphisoxazole and ampicillin. This study confirmed that delayed secondary enrichment in TB is superior to primary enrichment for detection ofSalmonella from cattle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01839246
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Salmonella Dublin and Salmonella Typhimurium (Copenhagen) Isolates from Cattle (1997)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 21 (1997), S. 409-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: aerobactin ; antibiotic ; capsule ; cattle ; colicin ; haemolysin ; plasmid ; Salmonella ; spvC gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Brackelsberg, C.A., Nolan, L.K. and Brown, J., 1997. Characterization of Salmonella dublin and Salmonella typhimurium (Copenhagen) isolates from cattle. Veterinary Research Communications, 21 (6), 409-420 Eight Salmonella typhimurium (Copenhagen) and eight Salmonella dublin isolates from cattle were compared by their antibiotic resistance patterns, by their production of colicin, aerobactin, haemolysin and capsule, by their possession of transmissible R plasmids and the spvC gene, and by their ability to invade and replicate within cultured epithelial cells. The two groups differed in their antibiotic resistance profiles, with more of the host-adapted S. dublin isolates resistant to tetracycline than were the non-host-adapted S. typhimurium (Copenhagen) group, but more of the S. typhimurium (Copenhagen) isolates resistant to the other antibiotics tested. None of the isolates produced colicin, but all produced aerobactin. One isolate in each group was encapsulated. All of the S. typhimurium (Copenhagen) and S. dublin isolates contained plasmids, and all of them contained the spvC-homologous sequences. Four of the S. typhimurium (Copenhagen) isolates were able to transfer an R plasmid to a recipient organism by conjugation. One of the five S. dublin isolates, which showed resistance to some of the antibiotics tested, was able to transfer an R plasmid by conjugation. Both groups of isolates invaded cultured epithelial cells to a similar degree after 1 h, but the S. dublin isolates reached significantly higher levels within the cells than did S. typhimurium (Copenhagen) after 9 h. This ability may, in part, explain the association of S. dublin with more severe forms of salmonellosis and prolonged carrier states. Further study of the intracellular growth of these isolates seems warranted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005803301827
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation in the subunits of globulin-1 storage protein of French bean (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 83-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; Storage proteins ; Electrophoresis ; Genetic variation ; Banding types
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Charge and molecular weight heterogeneity of globulin-1 (G1) polypeptides of the bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., were revealed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Different bean cultivars were classified into three groups: ‘Tendergreen’, ‘Sanilac’, and ‘Contender’ on the basis of their protein subunit composition. Nine distinct major bands: α51,α49, α48.5,β48T, β48S, β47, γ45.5, γ45S, and γ45C, and two minor bands: γ46T and γ46S were found to account for the three profiles seen on one-dimensional SDS-PAGE. Two-dimensional analysis revealed these eleven protein bands to be composed of a minimum of fourteen distinct protein subunits. The ‘Tendergreen’ and ‘Sanilac’ types differ in their G1 polypeptide composition. The protein patterns of the ‘Contender’ types are intermediate, containing many protein subunits found in the patterns of the ‘Tendergreen’ and ‘Sanilac’ types suggesting a genetic and evolutionary relationship.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285895
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractionation of wheat gliadin and glutenin subunits by two-dimensional electrophoresis and the role of group 6 and group 2 chromosomes in gliadin synthesis (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 349-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Glutenin ; Gliadin ; Electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Subunits of wheat endosperm proteins have been fractionated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. To determine which subunits in the two-dimensional electrophoretic pattern belong to gliadin or glutenin the endosperm proteins have also been fractionated by a modified Osborne procedure and by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and Sepharose CL-4B prior to separation by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The control of production of five major grain protein subunits is shown to be determined by chromosomes 6A, 6B and 6D by comparing two-dimensional electrophoretic protein subunit patterns of aneuploid lines of the variety ‘Chinese Spring’. From these and previous studies it is concluded that some α, β and γ gliadins (molecular weights by SDS-PAGE 30,000 to 40,000) are specified by genes on the short arms of homoeologous Group 6 chromosomes, the ω gliadins (molecular weights by SDS-PAGE 50,000 to 70,000) are specified by genes on the short arms of homoeologous Group 1 chromosomes and the glutenin subunits (molecular weights by SDS-PAGE 〉 85,000) are specified by genes on the long arms of homoeologous Group 1 chromosomes. No major gliadins or glutenin subunits were absent when any of the chromosomes in homoeologous Groups 2, 3, 4, 5 or 7 were deleted. However two gliadins whose presumed structural genes are on chromosome 6D were absent in aneuploid stocks of ‘Chinese Spring’ carrying two additional doses of chromosome 2A. Two out of thirty-three intervarietal or interspecific chromosome substitution lines examined, involving homoeologous Group 2 chromosomes, lacked the same two gliadins. All the subunits in the other thirty-one chromosome substitution lines were indistinguishable from those in ‘Chinese Spring’. It is therefore concluded that the major variation affecting gliadin and glutenins in wheat is concentrated on the chromosomes of homoeologous Groups 1 and 6 but Group 2 chromosomes are candidates for further study. An endosperm protein controlled by chromosome 4D in ‘Chinese Spring’ is shown to be a high molecular weight globulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276448
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage relationships between genes controlling seed proteins in French bean (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 251-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; Phaseolin ; Seed proteins ; Electrophoresis ; Linkage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The inheritance of phaseolin and globulin-2 (G2)/albumin polypeptides was investigated in crosses involving varieties which exhibited the three electrophoretic banding patterns of phaseolin found in French bean. ‘Total’ seed protein extracts of single seeds of the F1 and F2 generations from the crosses: ‘Sanilac’ × ‘Contender’, ‘BBL 240’ × ‘Contender’, and ‘Sanilac’ × ‘BBL 240’ were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Segregation of the genes controlling phaseolin and G2/albumin polypeptides, and those controlling a further five groups of seed proteins (A, B, D, E, and F) were observed. No recombinant electrophoretic phenotypes were seen for phaseolin or G2/albumin polypeptides suggesting that the genes controlling each of these groups of polypeptides are closely linked and segregate like single Mendelian genes. The phaseolin genes and G2/albumin genes were not linked to each other. The group of genes controlling phaseolin polypeptides were linked to those controlling group B proteins, and those controlling G2/albumin polypeptides were linked to those controlling group F proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02342545
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bean lectins (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 263-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; Seed protein ; Lectins ; Electrophoresis ; Agglutination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Single seeds of over 100 bean cultivars were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The cultivars could be classified into eight groups by virtue of their G2/albumin electrophoretic patterns: TG2, SG2, VG2, PrG2, BG2, MG2, PG2, and PiG2, The polypeptide compositions of these types were largely inter-related having particular polypeptides in common. It was possible to correlate the G2/albumin patterns with agglutinating activity of cow and rabbit blood cells as measured by the agglutination ratio (minimum concentration of extract required to agglutinate cow blood cells: minimum concentration of extract required to agglutinate rabbit blood cells). The active lectin polypeptides were identified by extracting lectins from agglutinated erythrocytes and by comparing the qualitative similarities and differences of the G2/albumin patterns and their agglutination activities. A reference catalogue of over 100 bean cultivars giving their phaseolin and G2/albumin electrophoretic patterns, and agglutination ratios is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276249
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