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  • sorghum  (5)
  • Agropyron  (3)
  • Spinal cord trauma  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early perifocal cell changes and edema in traumatic injury of the spinal cord are reduced by indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 85 (1993), S. 145-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Spinal cord trauma ; Edema ; Myelin basic protein ; Indomethacin ; Prostaglandins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility that prostaglandins participate in the formation of perifocal edema and cell changes following a localized trauma to the spinal cord was investigated in a rat model. A laminectomy was performed in urethane-anesthetized animals at the thoracic T10–11 segment. Using a scalpel blade a unilateral lesion, about 2 mm deep and 5 mm long was made 1 mm to the right of the midline. The deepest part of the injury occupied Rexed's lamina VII of the dorsal horn. Animals were pretreated with the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin (10 mg/kg, i.p. 30 min prior to trauma). Five hours after the injury the water content was determined and cell changes in and around the primary lesion were examined by light and electron microscopy. Normal and injured rats without indomethacin pretreatment served as controls. Untreated injured rats showed a profound increase of water content in the traumatized T10–11, the rostral (T9) and caudal (T12) segments compared with normal rats. These segments also exhibited marked cell changes in ipsilateral and contralateral dorsal and ventral horns. The gray matter had a spongy appearance and some nerve cells were condensed and distorted. The white matter contained many distorted fibers. Immunostaining for myelin basic protein showed a marked reduction of reaction product in the injured animals compared with normal rats. Ultrastructurally widened extracellular spaces, cytoplasmic vacuolation, swollen and condensed neurons, swollen astrocytes and vesiculation of myelin were frequent findings. Pretreatment of rats with indomethacin significantly reduced the accumulation of water in the traumatized and in the rostral and caudal segments. The structural changes were less pronounced particularly in the cranial and caudal segments. The results indicate that prostaglandins somehow are involved in the pathophysiology of perifocal spinal cord injury and influence both the fluid microenvironment and the early cell changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227761
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    p-Chlorophenylalanine, a serotonin synthesis inhibitor, reduces the response of glial fibrillary acidic protein induced by trauma to the spinal cord (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 86 (1993), S. 422-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Spinal cord trauma ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Serotonin ; p-Chlorophenylalanine ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The possibility that serotonin may influence the early response of astrocytes around a spinal cord trauma was investigated in a rat model by making a unilateral incision into the right dorsal horn of the T10-11 segments. One group of rats received a serotonin synthesis inhibitor, p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA) before injury in doses which cause a depletion of serotonin in the cord. Another group of traumatised rats did not receive p-CPA. All animals were allowed to survive for 5 h. Samples for immunohistochemistry were taken from the T9, T10-11 and T12 segments of the cord. Paraffin sections were immunostained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) using monoclonal antibodies and avidin-biotin complex technique. Trauma to the cord resulted in a marked increase of GFAP immunoreactivity in all the investigated segments, particularly in the ipsilateral side. Pretreatment with p-CPA markedly reduced the GFAP response. This drug did not by itself influence the GFAP immunoreactivity of the cord of untraumatised rats. Our results show that trauma to the spinal cord induces a rapid enhancement of GFAP immunoreactivity in the cord which is present even far away from the primary lesion. This response can be prevented by pretreatment with the serotonin synthesis inhibitor, p-CPA. The results indicate that serotonin influences the increase of GFAP immunoreactivity following spinal cord injury either directly or indirectly, for instance by its microvascular reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228575
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased 5-hydroxytryptamine immunoreactivity in traumatized spinal cord (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 12-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) ; Spinal cord trauma ; Ventral horn ; p-Chlorophenyl alanine ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is involved in the early tissue reactions occurring in spinal cord trauma was examined in a rat model using an immunocytochemical technique. The injury was made in the form of a 5-mm long and 2.5-mm wide lesion of the right dorsal horn at the level of T10–11. Injured rats, pretreated with the 5-HT synthesis blocking agent, p-chlorophenyl alanine (p-CPA) were compared with untreated injured controls and the animals were allowed to survive for 5 h. The distribution of 5-HT was examined in proximal and distal cross-sections of the cord, located 2 and 5 mm away from the injury. Normal rats showed immunoreactive material in nerve cell processes and in a few nerve cell bodies of the ventral horns. The trauma to the spinal cord caused a marked increase in 5-HT immunoreactivity in the segments located 2 mm proximal and distal to the injury, particularly in the ipsilateral ventral horn. The segment located 5 mm distal to the lesion showed a similar increase in immunoreactivity but it was apparently less pronounced in the corresponding proximal segment. Treatment with p-CPA markedly reduced the trauma-induced increase in 5-HT immunoreactivity in all the segments. These immunohistochemical findings were in line with the changes in the contents of 5-HT measured biochemically in corresponding spinal cord segments. At the onset of the trauma to the spinal cord 5-HT is thus present in the tissue, mainly in the form of 5-HT-containing nerve cell processes. Biochemical determinations also revealed that there is an increased amount of 5-HT in the traumatized spinal cord. The present study indicates that this is at least partly due to an increased amount of 5-HT in neurons and nerve cell processes of the perifocal region. The pathophysiollogical significance of the observed 5-HT-reaction in spinal cord injury is not known in all its details. However, 5-HT might be implicated in such tissue reaction, such as increased microvascular permea bility and edema formation occurring in the early period after trauma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294216
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New hybrids between Agropyron and wheat (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 111-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Agropyron ; Intergeneric hybrids ; Embryo culture ; Chromosome pairing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Intergeneric hybrids of Triticum aestivum (2n=42,AABBDD) with Agropyron ciliare (2n= 28,SSYY), A. trachycaulum (2n=28,SSHH), A. yezoense (2n=28,SSYY) and A. scirpeum (2n=28) are reported for the first time. F1 hybrids of T. aestivum were also produced with A. intermedium (2n=42,E1E1E2E2Z1Z1) and A. junceum (2n=14,JuJu). All wheat-Agropyron hybrids were obtained by embryo rescue technique. Cultivars and reciprocal crosses differed for seed set, seed development and F1 plant production. The F1 hybrids were sterile. Attempts to obtain amphiploids were unsuccessful. However, backcross derivatives were obtained with wheat as the recurrent parent. The level of chromosome pairing in A. trachycaulum x wheat, A. yezoense x wheat and wheat x A. junceum hybrids provided no evidence of homologous or homoeologous pairing. Mean pairing frequencies in A. ciliare x wheat, wheat x A. scirpeum and wheat x A. intermedium hybrids indicated homoeologous or autosyndetic pairing. Ph gene was more effective in regulating homoeologous pairing in A. yezoense x wheat hybrids than in A. ciliare x wheat hybrid. Chromosome pairing data of BC1 derivatives indicated that either some of the wheat chromosomes were eliminated or Agropyron chromosomes caused reduced pairing of wheat homologues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265184
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between panicle size, insect density, and environment for genotypic resistance in sorghum to head bug,Calocoris angustatus (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 71 (1994), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: sorghum ; sorghum bicolor ; head bug ; Calocoris angustatus ; Mirid ; insect density ; plant resistance ; food availability ; seasonal effects ; genotypic effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Studies were undertaken on interactions between panicle size, insect density, host plant, and the environment for sorghum head bug,Calocoris angustatus Lethiery on five sorghum genotypes in terms of bug population increase, grain damage and loss in grain mass across four panicle sizes (5, 10 or 20 branches/panicle and whole panicle), and three infestation levels (5, 10 and 15 pairs of bugs/panicle). Head bug numbers increased and grain damage decreased with an increase in panicle size in the head bug susceptible cultivars, CSH 1 and CSH 5. However, the increase in bug numbers or decrease in grain damage was not significant in head bug resistant genotypes, IS 17610 and IS 17645. Head bug numbers increased with an increase in infestation level in CSH 1 and CSH 5, however, such an increase was not substantial in IS 17610 and IS 17645. Grain damage was significantly lower in IS 17610 and IS 17645 compared with CSH 1 and CSH 5 across infestation levels. Head bug population increased at a greater rate during the rainy season compared with the dry season. Panicle size and infestation levels accounted for greater variation in grain damage and percentage loss in grain mass during the rainy season than in the dry season. To identify reliable sources of resistance to insects, it is important to study insect host plant-interactions across panicle sizes (levels of food availability), infestation levels and seasons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382378
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms of resistance in sorghum to head bug, Calocoris angustatus (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 57 (1990), S. 285-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Head bug ; Calocoris angustatus ; sorghum ; resistance mechanisms ; preference ; antibiosis ; consumption and utilization of food
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les mécanismes de la résistance du sorgho à la punaise C. angustatus ont été examinés au champ et au laboratoire. Les préférences des adultes ont été examinées avec choix multiples au champ et au laboratoire sur les 5 cultivars relativement moins sensibles (IS 2761, IS 9692, IS 17610, IS 17618, IS 17645) comparés aux hybrides commerciaux très sensibles (CSH 1, CSH 5, CSH 9). Les différences ont été confirmées avec des choix binaires au laboratoire. L'absence de préférence pour un cultivar est une des composantes de la résistance du sorgho à la punaise. Mais l'absence de préférence n'est cependant pas prouvée en cage au champ au par des expériences en olfactomètre sans choix au laboratoire. La ponte a été étudié sur 8 ‘génotypes’ pendant la saison des pluies de 1983 et sur 6 génotypes pendant la saison des pluies et après celle-ci en 1983–84. Les résultats montrent que la réduction de la ponte est une composante importante de la résistance sur IS 17645, IS 17610 et IS 17618. Pour définir le niveau d'antibiose, l'étude du cycle a été menée au laboratoire sur 5 cultivars relativement peu sensibles (IS 2761, IS 9692, IS 17610, IS 176618, IS 17645) et 3 sensibles (CSH 1, CSH 5, CSH 9). Le développement post-embryonnaire est prolongé d'un jour au deux quand les larves sont élevées sur grains laiteux de IS 17610 ou IS 17645. Les larves de 5e stade et les adultes ont des poids plus faibles sur IS 17610 et IS 9692. Les indices de consommation et d'utilisation des aliments ont été calculés pour IS 2761, IS 6984, CSH 5 et Swarna; l'utilisation de grains de IS 2761 et IS 69884, comparée aux grains des cultivars CSH 5 et Swarna, est relativement moins efficace. C1 et GR sont plus faibles sur grains d'IS 2761 de 20 jours que de 12 jours.
    Notes: Abstract Cultivar preference/nonpreference for feeding is one of the components of resistance to the sorghum head bug, Calocoris angustatus Lethiery (Hemiptera: Miridae). IS 2761, IS 9692, IS 17610, IS 17618 and IS 17645 were not preferred by the adults of c. angustatus under multi- or two-choice conditions. However, cultivar preference was not evident under no-choice tests or headcage conditions. Reduced oviposition is an important component of resistance to head bugs in IS 17645, IS 17610 and IS 17618. Post-embryonic development was extended by 1–2 days when nymphs were fed on these genotypes. Fifth instar nymphs and adults had lower weights when reared on IS 17610 and IS 9692. Nymphal survival was relatively lower on IS 9692, IS 17610 and IS 17645. Fourth instar nymphs were relatively less efficient in food utilization when fed on grain of IS 2761 and IS 6984 as compared with the susceptible cultivars CSH 5 and Swarna. Stage of grain development influenced the indices of consumption and utilization of food by head bugs. Consumption index (CI) and growth rate was lower on 20-day-old grain of IS 2761 as compared with 12-day-old grain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00355028
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotypic resistance in sorghum to head bug, Calocoris angustatus Lethiery (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 58 (1991), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Calorcoris angustatus ; head bug ; host-plant resistance ; mirid ; Sorghum bicolor ; sorghum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Sorghum head bug, Calocoris angustatus Leth., is an important pest of grain sorghum. We screened nearly 15000 germplasm accessions for resistance to this pest between 1980 and 1990 under natural and headcage conditions. Data were recorded on bug numbers, grain damage (1 = highly resistant the 5 = highly susceptible), and seed germination. Under natural conditions, 34 genotypes suffered moderate levels of grain damage (damage rating (DR) 1.7 to 2.9) compared with a DR of 4.0 to 4.6 in the susceptible controls CSH 1, CSH 5 and CSH 9. IS 17610, IS 17645, IS 21444, IS 19948, IS 25069 and IS 19949 suffered a DR of less than three, and harbored less than 150 bugs/panicle compared with a DR of 4.3 to 4.7, and 248 to 353 bugs/panicle in the susceptible controls CSH 1, CSH 5 and CSH 9 when infested under headcage with 5 pairs of bugs/panicle. IS 18274, IS 20664, IS 20059, IS 25069, and IS 19951 had 150 to 300 bugs/panicle but suffered moderate levels of grain damage (DR less than 3), while the reverse was true in case of IS 8064, IS 19455, IS 19955, IS 20024, IS 20740, IS 23627, IS 2761, and IS 9692. During the 1989 rainy season, IS 14108, IS 17610, IS 17618, IS 17645, IS 19949, IS 19950, IS 19957, IS 20068, IS 25760, IS 27452, IS 27477 and IS 27329 suffered moderate levels of grain damage when infested with 5 and 10 pairs of bugs/panicle, and recorded more than 80% seed germination compared with a DR of 3.9 to 5.0, and seed germination of 15–18% in the susceptible controls CSH 1, CSH 5 and CSH 9. There is a considerable diversity in the genotypes resistant to head bugs, and attempts should be made to transfer the resistance into agronomically acceptable cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025250
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotypic effects of sorghum accessions on fecundity of sorghum head bug, Calocoris angustatus Lethiery (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 65 (1992), S. 167-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Calocoris angustatus ; host-plant ; resistance ; fecundity ; grain damage ; sorghum ; sorghum head bug ; Sorghum bicolor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Sorghum head bug (Calocoris angustatus Leth.) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important pest of grain sorghum in India. We studied the fecundity of head bug females reared for one to three generations on head bug-resistant and head bug-susceptible genotypes during the 1988 and 1989 rainy and 1988–89 post-rainy seasons. Head bug population increase was lower for the first, second and/or third generation when the bugs were reared on IS 2761, IS 19955, IS 14334, IS 23748, IS 16357, IS 17610, and IS 21444 compared with the susceptible controls CSH 1, CSH 5, and CSH 9. These genotypes also suffered a low grain damage (damage rating (DR) ≤5) (except IS 2761) compared with the susceptible controls (DR〉6). A marginal decrease in fecundity was observed when the bugs were reared on IS 2761, IS 14334, IS 16357, IS 20740 and IS 17610 and then transferred to the susceptible control, CSH 1. Sorghum genotypes having lower increase in bug population across generations, suffering low grain damage, and showing adverse effects on fecundity can be used in breeding for resistance to head bugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023080
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inflorescence culture of wheat-Agropyron hybrids: Callus induction, plant regeneration, and potential in overcoming sterility barriers (1984)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 3 (1984), S. 247-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wide crosses ; tissue culture ; somaclonal variation ; Agropyron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Segments of young inflorescences of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (CS), its F1 hybrids with Agropyron trachycaulum and A. scirpeum and backcross derivatives with A. yezoense, A. intermedium and A. junceum, and of a A. yezoense x T. aestivum cv. Wichita hybrid were cultured. Different parts of young spikelets of A. trachycaulum x CS F1 and A. yezoense x Wichita F1 's were also cultured. Percent callus induction was lower in wheat than in the wheat-Agropyron hybrids or backcross derivatives. Percent callus induction from different organs in both hybrids was in the descending order of whole spikelet, spikelet without glumes, rachis, and glumes. No plants could be regenerated from calli of wheat and backcross derivatives except those of CS x A. intermedium combination. Callus induction in hybrids varied from 54 to 84% and plant regeneration from 14 to 31%. The regenerants required no vernalization. Variants including one with top-dense spikes and another with elongated spikelets were recovered. Out of eight A. trachycaulm x CS hybrid regenerants, one had anthers and stigma as opposed to neutral flowers of the original hybrid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040344
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current status of wide hybridization in wheat (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 17-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum ; Aegilops ; Secale ; Agropyron ; Elymus ; Haynaldia ; Hordeum ; wide hybridization ; intergeneric crosses ; alien gene transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Current status of wide hybridization in wheat is considered in the light of the number of hybrids produced, the number of genes transferred to commercial cultivars and their use in world wide agricuture. Some original results are presented and results of other authors are compiled to provide update information regarding wide crosses in wheat. Barriers to wide hybridization and progress made in overcoming such barriers are discussed. Areas requiring more research are indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036860
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