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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bilateral angiographic vasoconstriction of the middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries after subarachnoid haemorrhage in patients with and without aneurysms (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 94 (1988), S. 32-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) ; intracranial aneurysm ; vasospasm ; cerebral metabolism ; cerebral circulation time
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A retrospective study of cerebral angiographies from 173 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) were investigated and divided into three groups. The diameters of the middle cerebral artery and the internal carotid artery were measured and correlated with time elapsing between the onset of SAH and the angiographic study. A significant (p〈0.001) reduction in vascular diameter was found at all levels of intraas well as extradural parts of the internal carotid artery in patients with aneurysms (group I). Also, bilateral angiographic investigation from 70 patients showed a significant (p〈0.001) reduction at all levels on both sides, regardless of whether aneurysms were present (group II) or not (group III). Moreover, the reduction in vascular diameter was more pronounced in patients with than in patients without aneurysms. The most pronounced reduction in vascular diameter was found in one of the extradural parts of the internal carotid artery in both group II and III. However, reduction in vascular diamter did not correlate significantly with the cerebral circulation time despite a tendency towards it. On the other hand, layering of the contrast medium along the posterior wall of the internal carotid artery was more often found in patients with prolongation in cerebral circulation time suggesting a reduced cerebral blood flow in these patients. It is suggested that the significant reduction in vascular diameter of intra-as well as extradural parts of the internal carotid artery, might reflect an adaptation to altered cerebral metabolism after SAH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01406612
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positron emission tomography with 68-Ga-EDTA and computed tomography in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 97 (1989), S. 146-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) ; blood brain barrier (BBB) ; positron emission tomography (PET)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 26 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) were investigated with 68-Ga-EDTA and positron emission tomography (PET) in order to evaluate the presence of a blood brain barrier (BBB) disturbance. Only one patient showed a BBB disruption. It is suggested that increased levels of substances with higher molecular weight than 68-Ga-EDTA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are the result of a change in the metabolism of the CSF and the brain tissue caused by a SAH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01772827
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical evaluation of the glycosaminoglycans in vasoconstricted human cerebral arteries after subarachnoid haemorrhage (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 98 (1989), S. 164-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) ; glycosaminoglycans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixteen patients dying after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) were investigated with regard to the presence of angiographic vasoconstriction and of glycosaminoglycans in samples from the main cerebral arteries. All patients had a statistically significant (p 〈 0.001) vasoconstriction at angiography performed before death. At morphological examination, the vessels of all patients showed signs of intimai thickening, necrosis of the media and leucocyte infiltration of the adventitia. The presence of glycosaminoglycans was determined semiquantitatively and did not differ from the values obtained from presumably normal controls. It is suggested that the angiographically verified vasoconstriction found after SAH as well as the morphological changes of the cerebral arteries are not related to a concentration increase of glycosaminoglycans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01407343
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of the medial geniculate body in prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 141 (1999), S. 189-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Acoustic startle response ; Prepulse inhibition ; Sensorimotor gating ; Schizophrenia ; Medial geniculate body ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle is the normal reduction in startle response to an intense auditory stimulus when this stimulus is immediately preceded by a weaker prestimulus. Previous studies have shown that several neuroanatomical structures and pathways in the brain are involved in the modulation of prepulse inhibition. In the present study, the functional importance of the medial geniculate body (MG) in the modulation of prepulse inhibition was investigated. To this end, in vivo brain microdialysis probes were used to infuse drugs locally into the MG of awake, freely moving rats simultaneously with startle response and prepulse inhibition measurements in the same animals. Intrageniculate infusion of the sodium channel blocker, tetrodotoxin, significantly reduced prepulse inhibition without affecting baseline startle amplitude. A similar effect was obtained after intrageniculate infusion of the GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen. In addition, intrageniculate infusion of muscimol, an agonist at the GABAA receptor complex, reduced prepulse inhibition, although this effect was obtained at a higher concentration of the drug compared to that of baclofen. These studies suggest that the MG is involved in the modulation of prepulse inhibition and that auditory signals relayed via the MG may be subjected to inhibitory control at this level, involving GABA neurotransmission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050824
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phencyclidine-induced disruption of an aversely motivated two-choice successive discrimination in the rat (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 102 (1990), S. 171-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Discrimination ; Avoidance ; PCP ; Dopamine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were trained to performed an aversely motivated discriminative task in a shuttle-box. The administration of phencyclidine (PCP), 2 mg kg−1 SC at −20 min, produced disruption of discriminative performance and an increase in intertrial crosses. There were no changes in avoidance performance or in avoidance latency. Pretreatment with haloperidol, 0.1 or 0.2 mg kg−1 SC at −40 min, or remoxipride 8 mg kg−1 IP at −30 min, did not antagonize the PCP-induced disruption of discriminative performance, nor was the PCP-induced increase in number of intertrial crosses antagonized. In fact, there appeared to be a further increase in intertrial crosses, above PCP levels, by haloperidol treatment and this effect was statistically significant after remoxipride treatment. The present results, together with previous observations that alsod-amphetamine disrupts discriminative conditioned avoidance behavior, suggest the possibility that this model could be used in the search for new, non-dopaminergic, antipsychotic drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245918
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoamines in rat thyroid parafollicular cells and the effect of vitamin D2-induced degranulation (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 406-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Parafollicular Cells ; Rat ; Normalcalcemia ; Vitamin D2 ; Electronmicroscopy ; Histochemical fluorescence method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thyroid parafollicular cells of normocalcemic and vitamin D2-treated rats were investigated by electron microscopy and with the histochemical fluorescence technique of Hillarp and Falck. Administration of high doses of vitamin D2 caused hypercalcemia and an extensive degranulation of the parafollicular cells. The formation and storage of monoamines in granulated and degranulated parafollicular cells was investigated by fluorescence microscopy after injection of monoamine precursors (DOPA, 5-HTP), alone or in combination with Ro 4-4602, nialamide or reserpine. No fluorescence was observed in parafollicular cells of untreated rats. l-DOPA and l-5-HTP (but not the corresponding D-amino acids) were taken up by a process closely linked to the decarboxylation of the amino acids to the corresponding amines (dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine). Treatment with vitamin D2 did not seem to affect the formation of amines in the parafollicular cells or the formation and storage of amines in other cell systems investigated. The amine itself (dopamine) was not taken up by the parafollicular cells. In normocalcemic rats, the amine formed was retained in the cytoplasm of the parafollicular cells by a partially reserpine-resistant mechanism. The storage of amines is concluded to occur in association with the calcitonin-containing granules. In parafollicular cells of vitamin D2-treated rats, a certain amount of amine was bound in the cytoplasm in the absence of typical granules. As a considerable amount of calcitonin is known to remain in the thyroid of vitamin D2-treated rats, the present observations may indicate an association between the amine and the polypeptide hormone calcitonin, whether the latter is confined to typical granules or not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306979
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bipolarity of duodenal enterochromaffin cells in the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enterochromaffin cells ; Serotonin ; Duodenum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Enterochromaffin cells of the rat duodenum have been studied immunocytochemically by use of a specific antiserum to serotonin. At the light-microscopic level serotonin immunoreactivity was observed in enterochromaffin cells located in the epithelium of the duodenal mucosa. Most of the serotonin-immunoreactive material was localized to the basal portion of the enterochromaffin cells, but small amounts of immunoreactive material were regularly observed in the apical portion. At the electron-microscopic level serotonin immunoreactivity in enterochromaffin cells was found to be concentrated over the dense cores of the cytoplasmic granules. The majority of these granules was located in the basal cytoplasm of the enterochromaffin cells, but serotonin-immunoreactive granules were also observed in the apical cytoplasm immediately beneath the microvilli. These observations indicate that duodenal enterochromaffin cells are bipolar and that they secrete serotonin both basally, to the circulation, and apically, to the gut lumen. Rat duodenal enterochromaffin cells thus appear to have an exocrine as well as an endocrine function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239961
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