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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 465-482 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Cytochemistry ; Oocytes ; Molluscs ; Vitellogenesis ; Nucleoli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ovarian oocytes of Agriolimax reticulatus (Müller) have been studied by light and electron microscopy and electron cytochemistry. The development of the oocyte in the ovotestis may be divided into three stages. During Stage I the oocyte cytoplasm contains mainly ribosomes and also strands of endoplasmic reticulum, scattered mitochondria and Golgi systems. The nucleus contains both a paranucleolus and an eunucleolus. By Stage II the oocyte has enlarged, especially in a plane parallel to the basement membrane. In addition to the above mentioned organelles, the cytoplasm contains lipid, glycogen and early yolk platelets. During Stage III, the oocyte continues to enlarge, but mainly in a plane perpendicular to the basement membrane. A considerable degree of cytoplasmic differentiation has also taken place. The plasma membrane of the oocyte has become specialized with the appearance of a polysaccharide-rich glycocalyx, microvilli and pinocytotic tubules. Elsewhere, much of the background cytoplasm, containing Golgi-derived, polysaccharide and acid phosphatase-rich multivesiculate bodies, lipid and glycogen, is sequestered by smooth membranes and ultimately fuses with the growing yolk platelets. The nucleus contains an amphinucleolus, characteristic of many gastropods. The findings of this study are discussed in relation to results from other studies on oogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pregnancy ; Adrenal zona glomerulosa ; Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Ultrastructure ; Sheep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural changes in the adrenal zona glomerulosa and renal juxtaglomerular apparatus have been examined during normal pregnancy in sheep. As pregnancy progressed, increasing numbers of cells in the adrenal zona glomerulosa displayed mitochondria with straight tubular “rod-like” structures replacing their normal lamelliform cristae; groups of cells showing these mitochondrial changes were predominantly located in the middle and superficial regions of the zona glomerulosa, but at all stages remained interspersed with cells with apparently normal mitochondria. In the same animals, the renal juxtaglomerular index was raised, reflecting an increase in renin storage, and juxtaglomerular myoepithelioid cells showed increased numbers of cytoplasmic granules, but no apparent increase in granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi profiles; there were no distinguishing morphological changes in juxtaglomerular peripolar cells. These findings provide morphologic evidence of stimulation of the adrenal zona glomerulosa in association with increased juxtaglomerular renin storage during pregnancy. The mitochondrial changes observed in an increasing proportion of cells in the zona glomerulosa closely resemble those seen in sodium-depleted animals, and may reflect the altered steroidogenic capacity of the adrenal gland in pregnant sheep. The finding of groups of cells displaying altered mitochondria lying next to cells with normal mitochondria suggests the presence of cells with different sensitivities to stimuli for aldosterone production or may indicate the presence of different cell types in the zona glomerulosa responding to different stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal zona glomerulosa ; Ultrastructure ; Sodium depletion ; Sodium loading ; Sheep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of alterations in sodium status upon the morphology of the adrenal zona glomerulosa in sheep have been examined qualitatively and quantitatively, using lightand electron microscopy, and correlated with functionally related biochemical data. With severe sodium depletion induced by parotid-cannula drainage, there was mitotic activity throughout the zona glomerulosa, and glandular cells showed striking ultrastructural changes. These changes particularly affected mitochondria, which were enlarged, rounded and showed replacement of their normal lamelliform cristae by thin elongated cristal elements and bundles of tubular “rod-like” structures. Quantitative morphometric studies showed an increase in the volumes of zona glomerulosa cells, nuclei, mitochondria, smooth and granular endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi profiles. In contrast, with dietary sodium loading, zona glomerulosa cells appeared shrunken and showed cytoplasmic lipid accumulation; mitochondria and other organelles were not significantly altered. The correlation of the ultrastructural cytological alterations in zona glomerulosa cells in sodium-depleted sheep with raised blood aldosterone levels suggests that such morphologic changes reflect a heightened capacity of these cells for aldosterone biosynthesis and secretion. These changes may also account for the increased sensitivity of the zona glomerulosa to aldosterone-producing stimuli during sodium deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 226 (1982), S. 541-554 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oral epithelium ; Cell differentiation ; Vitamin A ; Ultrastructure ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural changes induced by the topical application of retinol acetate on hamster cheek pouch epithelium were evaluated using stereological analysis. Electron micrographs were prepared of the basal and superficial regions of the nucleated cell layer of the epithelium obtained from 3 treated and 3 control animals and examined at two levels of magnification. A total of 528 micrographs were analyzed using a coherent double lattice test system. Although the mean thickness of the nucleated cell layer did not change significantly after 10 days of treatment with retinol acetate the formation of keratinized squames was completely inhibited. This was paralleled by significant changes in the volume density of a number of organelles in both the basal and superficial strata. Rough endoplasmic reticulum increased significantly whereas filaments, which maintained a constant diameter of approximately 9 nm, keratohyalin granules and membrane-coating granules decreased in both strata. Desmosomes also showed a significant decrease in numerical area density in the treated tissues. In contrast, no changes were observed in the volume density of the Golgi apparatus, free ribosomes or mitochondria in the treated epithelium. It is concluded that this treatment provides an epithelium lacking all features of keratinization and may be a useful model for examining metabolic activities specifically associated with keratinization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 183 (1977), S. 131-141 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovotestis (Agriolimax reticulatus) ; Follicle cells ; Phagocytosis ; Cytochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The follicle cells, nurse cells and germinal epithelia, which are closely associated with the oocyte of Agriolimax reticulatus (Müller) during its development in the ovotestis, have been studied using light and electron microscopy. The various secretory, digestive and phagocytic activities of these cells have also been investigated using electron cytochemical tests for oxidisable polysaccharide, acid phosphatase and electron-opaque tracer molecules. The oocyte lies initially between the germinal epithelia and a layer of nurse cells but, as oocyte vitellogenesis proceeds, it becomes encapsulated by a layer of follicle cells. Both the follicle and the nurse cells are active in secretion and digestion and contain Golgi apparatus, granular endoplasmic reticulum and acid phosphatase-rich digestive vacuoles. The significance of these activities is discussed in relation to oocyte vitellogenesis, secondary envelope formation and the digestion and recycling of cellular material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 303-310 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuromuscular terminal ; Fast synapse ; Slow synapse ; Lobster ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synaptic terminals of fast (FCE) and slow (SCE) excitatory neurons were physiologically identified on separate fibres of one muscle, the closer muscle in lobster claws. The innervation by these identified fibers was demonstrated over long distances (7–21 μm) by examining serial thin sections at periodic intervals. The ultrastructure of each type of innervation was consistent both qualitatively and quantitatively in two separate samples. The FCE innervation is relatively simple in having consistently small-diameter terminals each forming a single long synapse, with few synaptic vesicles, and little if any postsynaptic apparatus. The SCE innervation is more complex in having larger-diameter but more variable terminals forming several short synapses, with many synaptic vesicles and an extensive postsynaptic apparatus. These differences in the size of the synapses and the number of synaptic vesicles parallel differences in transmitter release and fatigue sensitivity characteristic of the two types of innervation. The degree of elaboration of the postsynaptic apparatus may reflect differences in the amount of transmitter taken up after release. Our data reveal for the first time in a single muscle differences between FCE and SCE innervation previously reported in different muscles and in different species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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