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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parental ages at birth in relation to a daughter's risk of breast cancer among female participants in the Framingham study (United States) (1995)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 6 (1995), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Breast neoplasms ; cohort study ; daughters ; maternal age ; paternal age ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Data from the Framingham Heart Study, collected in Framingham, MA (United States) during 1948–86, were used to evaluate the relation of parental age at birth to the risk of breast cancer among daughters. After 38 years of follow-up, 149 breast cancer cases occurred among 2,662 women. All but two cases were confirmed by histologic report. The rate of breast cancer increased among daughters with increasing maternal age at birth up to the mid-30s, where the rate levelled off. A similar pattern was observed with paternal age. After adjustment for other confouding factors and paternal age, the rate ratios for breast cancer in daughters whose mothers were aged 26 to 31 years and 32 or more years at their birth, relative to women whose mothers were aged 25 years or younger, were 1.5 (95 percent confidence interval [CI]=1.0–2.4) and 1.3 (CI=0.8–2.2), respectively. However, there was no longer an association between paternal age at birth and risk of breast cancer after controlling for maternal age and other risk factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051677
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral contraceptive use and breast cancer risk among African-American women (1995)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 6 (1995), S. 321-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Blacks ; breast carcinoma ; oral contraceptives ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recent epidemiologic studies, most of them in predominantly White populations, have suggested that long duration of oral contraceptive (OC) use may increase the risk of breast cancer at young ages. We assessed the relationship of OC use to the risk of breast cancer in African-American women aged 25 to 59 years, using interview data from a multipurpose hospital-based case-control study. Five hundred and twenty-four cases hospitalized for invasive breast cancer were compared with 1,021 controls with nonmalignant conditions unrelated to OC use. Relative risks (RR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) were estimated relative to a reference category of use for less than 12 months; potential confounders were controlled by multiple logistic regression analysis. Among women under age 45, three or more years of OC use was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer: the RR estimate was 2.8 (CI=1.5–5.0) for three to four years of use, and declined to 1.5 (CI=0.8.3.0) for 10 or more years of use. Recency and timing of use did not explain the observed association. Among women aged 45 to 59, OC use was associated with little or no increase in risk: the RR estimate for three or more years of use was 1.3 (CI=0.7–2.4). The findings add to the evidence from studies of White women and a recent study of Black women which have suggested an increased risk of breast cancer at young ages for moderate or long duration use of OCs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051407
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induced and spontaneous abortion in relation to risk of breast cancer (United States) (1997)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 8 (1997), S. 841-849 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Abortion ; breast carcinoma ; risk factors ; United States ; women
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relation of induced and spontaneous abortion to the risk of breast cancer is evaluated in a hospital-based case-control interview study conducted in three cities in the United States from 1985 through 1995. Cases were 1,803 women aged 25 to 64 years with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer; controls were 4,182 women of the same ages admitted for conditions unrelated to reproductive factors. Other breast cancer risk-factors were controlled through multiple logistic regression. The reference for allanalyses was women who had never had an abortion, either induced or spontaneous. Among parous women, the relative risk (RR) estimate was 1.1 (95percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.9-1.5) for induced abortion overall, 1.0(CI = 0.7-1.4) for abortion before the first birth, and 1.3 (CI = 1.0-1.8)for abortion after at least one birth. Among nulliparous women, the relative risk estimate for induced abortion was 1.3 (CI = 0.9-1.9). There was no trend of increased risk with number of abortions, nor was there consistent evidence of an increased risk in any particular subgroup. Spontaneous abortion was not associated with increased risk of breast cancer, either among nulliparous women or among parous women. These findings provide little support for the hypothesis that induced abortion increases breast cancer risk overall or in particular subgroups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018408211089
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transitional cell cancer of the urinary tract and renal cell cancer in relation to acetaminophen use (United States) (1998)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 9 (1998), S. 83-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Acetaminophen ; kidney neoplasms ; renal cell carcinoma ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experimental and epidemiologic evidence have suggested that phenacetin use increases the risk of transitional cell cancers of the urinary tract. The drug is no longer marketed but a commonly used metabolite, acetaminophen, has been linked recently to an increased risk of renal cancer. We assessed the relation of acetaminophen use to the risk of transitional cell cancer of the urinary tract and of renal cell cancer with data from a hospital-based study of cancers and medication use conducted from 1976-96 in the eastern United States. We compared 498 cases of transitional cell cancer and 383 cases of renal cell cancer with 8,149 noncancer controls and 6,499 cancer controls and controlled confounding factors with logistic regression. For transitional cell cancer, the relative risk (RR) estimate for regular acetaminophen use that had begun at least a year before admission was 1.1 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.6-1.9) based on noncancer controls, and 0.9 (CI = 0.5-1.6) based on cancer controls. RR estimates for use that lasted at least five years, and for nonregular use, were also close to 1.0. For renal cell cancer, the corresponding estimates were again close to 1.0. Our results suggest that acetaminophen, as used in present study population, does not influence the risk of transitional cell cancer of the urinary tract or of renal cell cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008805505154
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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