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  • Chemical Engineering  (12)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (5)
  • diabetes  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in diabetes (1996)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 33 (1996), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Key words Apolipoprotein B-48 ; Apolipoprotein B-100 ; Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein ; Non-insulin-dependent ; diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of the intestine in cholesterol metabolism in human diabetes is unclear, although abnormalities have been demonstrated in cholesterol synthesis and absorption in diabetic animals. This study examines the relationship between fasting and post-prandial apolipoprotein B-48 in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Eight type 2 diabetic patients and ten healthy non-diabetic control subjects were given a high-fat meal (1300 kcal), and the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction was isolated by ultracentrifugation (d〈1.006 g/ml) from fasting and post-prandial plasma. Apolipoprotein B-48 and apo B-100 were separated on 4%–15% gradient gels and quantified by densitometric scanning with reference to a purified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apo B-100 preparation. Diabetic patients had significantly higher concentrations of apo B-48 and apo B-100 in both the fasting (P〈0.05) and post-prandial (P〈0.001) triglyceride-rich lipoprotein samples compared with non-diabetic subjects. The diabetic patients also exhibited a significantly different post-prandial profile for apo B-48 and apo B-100, with a prolonged increase and a later post-prandial peak, than the non-diabetic subjects (P〈0.01). These results suggest that the raised fasting triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, often found in diabetes, are associated with apo B-48 and may be derived from increased intestinal chylomicron production. The post-prandial pattern suggests an abnormality in intestinal production as well as hepatic clearance of apo B-48 in type 2 diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02048544
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HLA-A2 and Type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians: An association of allele frequency with age (1981)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 21 (1981), S. 460-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 2 diabetes ; HLA-A2 ; age association ; Pima Indians ; diabetes ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In Pima Indians with Type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus, HLA-A2 allele frequencies were inversely associated with age, (0.72, 0.59, and 0.52 in those less than 35, 35 to 54, and 55 years old and over, respectively). This suggests that there may be a gene closely linked with the HLA-A locus which plays a role in the expression of diabetes in the Pimas by contributing to an earlier age of onset. HLA-A2 was found in 65% of 69 non-diabetic and 81% of 191 diabetic subjects (relative risk = 2.2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257786
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism in two hypercholesterolaemic rabbit models (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 139-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Rabbits ; diabetes ; hypercholesterolaemia ; lipoproteins ; cholesterol metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serum lipoproteins and key hepatic and intestinal enzymes regulating cholesterol synthesis, esterification and catabolism, namely 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase, acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol-o-acyltransferase (ACAT) and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase respectively, were compared in two hypercholesterolaemic rabbit models — the cholesterol-fed animal and the hypercholesterolaemic diabetic animal. Hypercholesterolaemia in the cholesterol-fed animals was reflected in the VLDL and LDL fractions, whereas VLDL and HDL2 cholesterol levels were elevated in the diabetic animals. The lipoproteins of the cholesterol-fed animals were enriched with cholesterol but the lipoprotein fractions in the diabetic animals were enriched with triacylglycerol. While hepatic HMGCoA reductase activity was significantly reduced in both groups, the activities of hepatic ACAT and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase were significantly increased in the cholesterol-fed animals and significantly reduced in the diabetic animals compared with controls. In the intestine, the activity of HMGCoA reductase was increased and ACAT reduced in the diabetic animals. By contrast, in the cholesterol-fed group, HMGCoA reductase activity was lower and ACAT activity was higher in comparison with the control group. These differences in lipoproteins and cellular cholesterol metabolism between the hypercholesterolaemic rabbit models may explain the differences in susceptibility to atherosclerosis, previously reported in these two animal models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418266
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gel permeation chromatography: Automatic data acquisition and reduction in real-time with a process computer (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A real-time computer system is described which minimizes the total analysis time in gel permeation chromatography by automatically acquiring the data, performing the necessary calculations and displaying the molecular weight distribution and molecular weight averages as soon as the polymer peak has eluted. The calculation method described here is valid for linear homopolymers only, and does not include corrections for instrumental peak broadening. The experimental results show good reproducibility and precision. On-line changes of the constants and other parameters may be implemented by means of an auxiliary program which runs in parallel with the data analysis program. A system such as that described here is suitable for utilization as a measurement technique in process control applications. The programs are written in CORAL 66 for a Ferranti Argus 700 E computer.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760210110
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular weight distribution control in continuous “living” polymerizations through periodic operation of the monomer feed (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 415-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The main objective of the work is to explore the problem of producing polymers of any desired molecular weight distribution (MWD) in isothermal, solution, “living”, anionic polymerizations carried out in continuous tubular reactors. For this purpose, a novel control scheme was designed and implemented, which involves the periodic operation, of the monomer solution flow rate, with the flow profile automatically derived from the required MWD and other data. For experimental validation, a polymerization rig was especially built that included a process computer and an automatic gel permeation chromatograph. The chromatograph permitted the measurement of the MWD of the reactor effluent in a matter of minutes and the process computer was employed to implement the control policies and to perform the chromatograph data acquisition and reduction. In spite of the practical problems encountered, experiments showed at least a semi-quantitative validity of the method.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760210708
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel reinforced reaction injection molding (RRIM) processing: Computer-controlled multiple-stream RRIM production of interpenetrating polymer networks and polyurethanes (1987)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 27 (1987), S. 1209-1215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A four-stream computer-controlled reinforced reaction injection molding (RRIM) machine has been developed that attains high accuracy in dispense ratios throughout the injection period. This machine has been used for novel processing of polyurethanes, offering a route to varying product properties either throughout a shot or on a shotto-shot basis. It also has been used for what appears to be the first production on commercial scale RRIM equipment of a polyurethane-acrylic interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) in commercial cycle times of around 2 min.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760271602
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approximate equations for time of batch fractionation (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 1 (1955), S. 111-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Analytical expressions are obtained for the calculation of the time required for batch rectification of binary feeds which may be treated by assuming constant relative volatility and no column holdup. The equations cover constant reflux operations and varying reflux constant product operations for the two cases involving either a large or a small number of theoretical stages. The latter type of calculation has hitherto been possible only by tedious graphical methods. This paper introduces novel pseudoequilibrium curves which lead to simple equations of considerable accuracy. The equations obtained may be rearranged or modified so that other factors such as sharpness of fractionation may be represented analytically.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690010117
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spray - extraction-tower studies (1957)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 101-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper describes further research on a 4-in. I.D. by 8-ft. spray tower of Elgin design. Previous work concerned limiting flow and holdup in this tower. Owing to its high capacity and low cost, the spray tower would have much greater commercial application in liquid-liquid extraction if its conditions of transient operation could be predicted and if it could be operated to yield low Ht values. This research attempts to show that transient conditions can be predicted and that low Ht values for both mass and heat transfer can be realized near the limiting flow conditions.Theroretical equations for rate of approach to steady state derived and tested for the systems ethylene dichloride-water-propionic acid and ethylene dichloride-water-acetic acid show that the approach depends on the ratio of the phase flow rates. This study is important for the prediction of start-up time for industrial towers.With the same systems the extraction capacity of the spray tower was investigated up to the condition of rejection. The results were correlated as KEa and Ht, OE vs. a function of the ratio of the phase flow rates. The dispersed-phase flow rate was found to have primary significance.The heat transfer rates between water as continuous phase and solvents of various denisties were correlated as Ht′ values plotted against a function of the ratio of the phase flow rates. The advantages of operation near rejection were demonstrated, and the effect of direction of heat transfer was found to be significant.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690030117
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer inside drops (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 6 (1960), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The transfer rates of n-butanol, cyclohexanol, and ethyl acetate into water drops have been measured for circulating and oscillating drops.Methods of allowing for the end-effect transfer have been extended and measured values compared with predictions of a model.Various mechanisms for transfer inside drops have been examined in terms of a correlation factor.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690060128
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer studies in an agitated vessel (1956)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 2 (1956), S. 412-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A study of rates of dissolution of organic solid from a flat surface into turbulent liquid in a mixing tank of 6 in. I.D. is reported for five systems - benzoic acid-n-water, salicylic acid-water, salicylic acid-benzene, succinic acid-n-butanol, and succinic acid-acetone. Previous theories for the rates of mass transfer are reviewed and compared, and experimental results analyzed and correlated by an equation in terms of dimensionless groups similar to that of Hixson and Baum, Sherwood and Gilliland, and Rushton and Oldshue. The close agreement between the theoretical and experimental values of the exponent of the Schmidt number in this equation may provide new and significant evidence for the applicability of the surface-renewal theory to mass transfer from a flat solid surface into a turbulent liquid.For free rotational agitation, a local mass transfer coefficient with respect to the position of a cast solid was detected quantitatively. However, the insertion of four baffles into the tank gave a uniform mass transfer coefficient regardless of the position of the cast solid. A decrease in the mass transfer coefficient was observed when baffles were used.The advantages of the constant and stationary interface, the stability and simplicity of the apparatus, the possibility of duplicating experimental results, and the success of the detection of a local mass transfer coefficient suggest that the present apparatus and procedures could be used for the study of the theory of mass transfer rates from flat surfaces.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690020322
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