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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (5)
  • Cholesterol synthesis  (3)
  • diabetes  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular cholesterol metabolism in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes - Requirement for de novo synthesis
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Cell Research 1051 (1990), S. 138-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-4889
    Keywords: (Human) ; Cholesterol synthesis ; LDL binding ; Lymphocyte proliferation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-4889(90)90185-G
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypercholesterolaemia: simvastatin and pravastatin alter cholesterol metabolism by different mechanisms
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 1082 (1991), S. 303-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2760
    Keywords: Cholesterol synthesis ; Hypercholesterolaemia ; LDL ; Pravastatin ; Simvastatin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(91)90206-W
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of low density lipoprotein composition on the regulation of cellular cholesterol synthesis: a comparison in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (1993)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 30 (1993), S. 214-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Cellular cholesterol ; Cholesterol synthesis ; LDL binding ; LDL composition ; Type 2 diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study investigates compositional differences in low density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions and their relationship to cellular cholesterol synthesis. We examined ten normocholesterolaemic (serum cholesterol 〈6.5 mM) non-diabetic subjects (group 1) and compared them with ten normocholesterolaemic (group 2) and ten hypercholesterolaemic (group 3) (serum cholesterol 〉6.5 mM) type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Serum cholesterol levels for groups 1, 2 and 3 were 5.19±0.27, 5.20±0.27 and 7.51±0.31 mM. LDL1 (density 1.006–1.028 g/l) and LDL2 (1.028–1.063 g/l) were isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation. A significantly greater proportion of cholesterol was carried in LDL2 than LDL1 in all groups. There was a significantly lower cholesterol/protein ratio in LDL1 from the hypercholesterolaemic diabetic patients compared with controls. The LDL esterified/free cholesterol ratio was significantly greater in both LDL1 and LDL2 in the hypercholesterolaemic diabetic patients compared with the other two groups. There was a negative correlation between inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and the esterified/free cholesterol ratio of both LDL1 (r=0.56,P〈0.002) and LDL2 (r=0.63,P〈0.001). Cellular cholesterol of 41.0±0.3 μg/mg cell protein in the hypercholesterolaemic diabetic patients was also significantly higher compared with values of 30.32±2.0 and 34.1±4.2 μg/mg cell protein for the normocholesterolaemic non-diabetic and diabetic groups. In vitro LDL esterification led to a decrease in LDL receptor-mediated binding and resulted in a 40% reduction in the ability of the LDL to suppress cholesterol synthesis. The study demonstrates a relationship between the LDL esterified/free cholesterol ratio, LDL receptor binding and cellular cholesterol and may have implications for the understanding of hypercholesterolaemia in diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00569932
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in diabetes (1996)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 33 (1996), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Key words Apolipoprotein B-48 ; Apolipoprotein B-100 ; Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein ; Non-insulin-dependent ; diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of the intestine in cholesterol metabolism in human diabetes is unclear, although abnormalities have been demonstrated in cholesterol synthesis and absorption in diabetic animals. This study examines the relationship between fasting and post-prandial apolipoprotein B-48 in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Eight type 2 diabetic patients and ten healthy non-diabetic control subjects were given a high-fat meal (1300 kcal), and the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction was isolated by ultracentrifugation (d〈1.006 g/ml) from fasting and post-prandial plasma. Apolipoprotein B-48 and apo B-100 were separated on 4%–15% gradient gels and quantified by densitometric scanning with reference to a purified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apo B-100 preparation. Diabetic patients had significantly higher concentrations of apo B-48 and apo B-100 in both the fasting (P〈0.05) and post-prandial (P〈0.001) triglyceride-rich lipoprotein samples compared with non-diabetic subjects. The diabetic patients also exhibited a significantly different post-prandial profile for apo B-48 and apo B-100, with a prolonged increase and a later post-prandial peak, than the non-diabetic subjects (P〈0.01). These results suggest that the raised fasting triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, often found in diabetes, are associated with apo B-48 and may be derived from increased intestinal chylomicron production. The post-prandial pattern suggests an abnormality in intestinal production as well as hepatic clearance of apo B-48 in type 2 diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02048544
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HLA-A2 and Type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians: An association of allele frequency with age (1981)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 21 (1981), S. 460-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 2 diabetes ; HLA-A2 ; age association ; Pima Indians ; diabetes ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In Pima Indians with Type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus, HLA-A2 allele frequencies were inversely associated with age, (0.72, 0.59, and 0.52 in those less than 35, 35 to 54, and 55 years old and over, respectively). This suggests that there may be a gene closely linked with the HLA-A locus which plays a role in the expression of diabetes in the Pimas by contributing to an earlier age of onset. HLA-A2 was found in 65% of 69 non-diabetic and 81% of 191 diabetic subjects (relative risk = 2.2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257786
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism in two hypercholesterolaemic rabbit models (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 139-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Rabbits ; diabetes ; hypercholesterolaemia ; lipoproteins ; cholesterol metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serum lipoproteins and key hepatic and intestinal enzymes regulating cholesterol synthesis, esterification and catabolism, namely 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase, acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol-o-acyltransferase (ACAT) and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase respectively, were compared in two hypercholesterolaemic rabbit models — the cholesterol-fed animal and the hypercholesterolaemic diabetic animal. Hypercholesterolaemia in the cholesterol-fed animals was reflected in the VLDL and LDL fractions, whereas VLDL and HDL2 cholesterol levels were elevated in the diabetic animals. The lipoproteins of the cholesterol-fed animals were enriched with cholesterol but the lipoprotein fractions in the diabetic animals were enriched with triacylglycerol. While hepatic HMGCoA reductase activity was significantly reduced in both groups, the activities of hepatic ACAT and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase were significantly increased in the cholesterol-fed animals and significantly reduced in the diabetic animals compared with controls. In the intestine, the activity of HMGCoA reductase was increased and ACAT reduced in the diabetic animals. By contrast, in the cholesterol-fed group, HMGCoA reductase activity was lower and ACAT activity was higher in comparison with the control group. These differences in lipoproteins and cellular cholesterol metabolism between the hypercholesterolaemic rabbit models may explain the differences in susceptibility to atherosclerosis, previously reported in these two animal models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418266
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman spectroscopic determination of the dissociation constants of an acetonitrile-zinc complex in aqueous solution and the enthalpy and entropy of complex dissociation (1991)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 22 (1991), S. 651-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The dissociation constants for an acetonitrile-zinc complex, (CH3CN)Zn2+, were measured in aqueous solutions containing zinc salts (40-80%, w/w) and acetonitrile by Raman spectroscopy. Quantitative measurements of the intensity of the free and complexed ν(CN) Raman bands at 2264 and 2320 cm-1, respectively, were used to determine the average enthalpy and entropy of the complex dissociation to free acetonitrile in the temperature range 293-343 K for a 70% (w/w) solution of zinc chloride (0.052 mol) in an aqueous solution containing acetonitrile (0.024 mol); δH° and δS° values of 8.4 ± 0.5 kJ mol-1, respectively, were determined.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250221110
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fourier transform Raman spectroscopic study of hydrogen bonding in 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole using an environmental chamberThis paper is dedicated to Professor D. A. Long on the occasion of his 70th birthday. (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 26 (1995), S. 617-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The bands at 2485 and 940 cm-1 observed in the Raman spectra of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole represent the hydrogen-bonded ν(SH) stretching and δ(C-SH) in-plane bending modes, respectively. A quantitative study of the hydrogen bonding was carried out using intensity measurements of the bands assigned to the hydrogen-bonded and the free δ(C-SH) in-plane deformations at 940 and 919 cm-1, respectively, as a function of temperature. The Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectra were recorded over the temperature range 303-403 K using an environmental chamber fitted into the FT Raman sample compartment. The equilibrium constants between the free and the hydrogen-bonded molecules were determined over this temperature range and the average enthalpy for hydrogen-bond formation was obtained (ΔH° = -3.35 ± 0.2 kJ mol-1).
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250260806
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications of Raman spectroscopy to the study of polymers and polymerization processes (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 24 (1993), S. 475-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The application of Raman spectroscopy to polymers and polymerization processes is surveyed and the advent of recent advances in instrumental techniques to polymer analysis is highlighted. Some of the problems of the more widely-used infrared spectroscopic methods, for example in microstructural analysis of polydienes and copolymers, are discussed and the advantages of the Raman spectroscopic technique are explained. The use of near-infrared excitation and Fourier-transform Raman instrumentation for process monitoring and polymer composite studies is discussed. Raman microscopic and waveguide spectroscopic studies of small samples and polymer coatings on substrates are considered. Other applications are mentioned in the areas of polymer orientation, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, conducting polymers, biopolymers and time-resolved studies.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250240803
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and vibrational spectroscopic characterization of copolymers of 2,3-dimethylbutadiene and methyl methacrylate (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 24 (1993), S. 495-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The preparation and vibrational spectroscopic characterization of the hitherto unreported products of the copolymerization of 2,3-dimethylbutadiene and methyl methacrylate are presented. The polymers were prepared by free radical polymerization using α,α′-azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator. Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic information on the 2,3-dimethylbutadiene-methyl methacrylate copolymer is presented for a range of copolymers differing in the 2,3-dimethylbutadiene to methyl methacrylate ratio. Quantitative information of the microstructure of the polymer and copolymer using the C=C stretching vibrations is provided by Raman spectroscopy. Evidence is presented for the splitting of the C=O stretching vibration, ascribed to aggregated syndiotactic and unaggregated syndio- and isotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) at 1734 and 1724 cm-1, respectively.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250240805
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