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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of plaid patterns to distinguish the corticofugal and direct retinal inputs to the brainstem optokinetic nystagmus generator (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 86 (1991), S. 324-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vision ; Optokinetic nystagmus ; Eye movements ; Plaids ; Brainstem ; Motion perception ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have recorded the direction of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) elicited by moving plaid patterns in order to dissociate the pathways that mediate horizontal OKN. The plaids used comprised two drifting sinusoidal gratings arranged such that their individual directions of drift were very different from the direction of coherent motion of the overall pattern. The direction of OKN with binocular viewing was close to the mean of the component directions, suggesting a dominant influence of cortical visual neurons that respond to oriented one-dimensional components of the image. But the direction of OKN was consistently shifted slightly towards the direction of motion of the overall pattern, suggesting a secondary influence responsive to pattern direction. OKN recordings obtained during monocular viewing suggest that this secondary influence reflects the direct retinal pathway to the brainstem structures mediating OKN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228955
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topography of projections from the motor cortex to rubrospinal units in the cat (1973)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 17 (1973), S. 315-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Red nucleus ; Unit recording ; Motor cortex ; Topographical organization ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A topographical study of the cortico-rubrospinal pathway was conducted in cats anesthetized with chloralose. Extracellular unit recordings were made from cells in the red nucleus projecting to the spinal cord. They were identified by antidromic invasion following stimulation of their axones at the 2nd cervical and 9th thoracic levels of the spinal cord. I. The pericruciate cortical regions from which spikes could be induced in rubrospinal neurons were limited to the lateral part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus, the lateral sigmoid gyrus and the anterior part of the posterior sigmoid gyrus. No responses were obtained from stimulation of the medial part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus or the gyrus proreus. Compared to the somatotopic organization of the motor cortex for the cat described by Woolsey (1958), our results show that the rubrospinal cells receive projections from the motor cortex controlling proximal and distal muscles but not axial muscles. II. Neurons projecting to the cervico-thoracic cord receive afferents from the lateral part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus and the lateral sigmoid gyrus whereas those projecting to the lumbo-sacral cord receive projections from the entire surface of the sigmoid gyrus except the medial part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus and the gyrus proreus. III. A latero-medial organization of cells within the red nucleus was found according to the origin of their cortical afferents. Rubrospinal neurons with fibers terminating in the cervical or thoracic cord receive projections from the motor cortex controlling the proximal musculature of the forelimb when they are located in the dorso-lateral region of the nucleus and the entire forelimb motor cortex when they are located in the medial part of the nucleus. It is suggested that this organization may indicate a control of proximal forelimb musculature by dorsolateral rubrospinal cells and distal musculature by medial cells. IV. Rubrospinal cells placed medially in the nucleus receive more convergent projections (i.e. from a greater cortical surface) than cells placed more laterally. It was shown that for certain cells the convergence occurs in the direct pathway. These results are discussed in terms of a functional organization allowing coordinated movements of different segments of a single limb or of different limbs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234669
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motion after-effects in cat striate cortex elicited by moving gratings (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 60 (1985), S. 411-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vision ; Motion after-effects ; Cat ; Visual cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Responses of striate cortical neurones to bars of optimal orientation and width, moving with fixed velocity, were recorded in the lightly anaesthetized cat. Effects of periods of pre-adaptation with square-wave gratings of variable spatial frequency and velocity, drifting continuously in each cell's preferred or null directions, were investigated. Variations of cells' directional bias and responsiveness to oriented bars were assessed in relation to the degree and time-course of pre-adaptation to drifting gratings, compared with the preceding level of firing when exposed to uniform backgrounds of the same average luminance. All cells showed some susceptibility to pre-adapting moving gratings: subsequent responses to a bar were initially depressed in the direction of pre-adaptation and, in direction-biased or bidirectional cells, were enhanced in the opposite direction, compared with bar responses following exposure merely to a uniform background. These effects were strongest and most consistent amongst standard complex cells and weakest amongst special complex cells: maximal effects were obtained with adapting gratings of optimal velocity and spatial frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235938
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissociation of biochemical and hypotensive effects of debrisoquine in hypertensive patients (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: debrisoquine ; hypertension ; renin ; catecholamines ; platelet monoamine oxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The 24 h urinary excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline, metadrenaline, normetadrenaline and vanillylmandelic acid, plasma renin activity and plasma and urinary debrisoquine were measured before and during chronic treatment with oral debrisoquine in 14 in-patients with essential hypertension. There was a significant fall (mean ±SD) in the 24 h urinary excretion of vanillylmandelic acid (15.3±2.8 to 6.7±1.9 µmol) noradrenaline (199.0±105.8 to 125.2±43.3 nmol) and plasma renin activity (0.71±0.47 to 0.40±0.20 pmol Angio I ml−1 h−1) while the urinary normetadrenaline/noradrenaline ratio increased (10.4±6.1 to 17.1±5.1). No significant change was seen in the output of adrenaline or of O-methylated metabolites. Debrisoquine produces extensive noncompetitive inhibition of platelet monoamine oxidase in vivo at low therapeutic plasma concentrations. These changes support the view that treatment with debrisoquine produces intraneuronal inhibition of monoamine oxidase and post-ganglionic blockage. There was a significant correlation between the change in standing diastolic blood pressure and the daily dose (rs=−0.52), pre-dose plasma concentration (rs=−0.85) and mean daily urinary recovery (rs=−0.80), of debrisoquine. The full extent of the biochemical changes were seen at low dose and low plasma concentration and were not directly correlated with the fall in standing or supine blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00563111
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cold sensitivity in essential hypertension: the effect of beta- and combined alpha- and beta-blockade (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 33-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cold sensitivity ; hypertension ; alpha- and beta-blockade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of cold sensitivity was investigated in three groups of patients; untreated hypertensives and hypertensives treated by a beta-adrenoceptor blocker (propranolol) or by a combined alpha-and beta-adrenoceptor blocker (labetalol) at two ambient temperatures. At a comfortable ambient (24°C) one-third of the untreated and those treated with beta-blockade only showed cold sensitivity as compared with 16% of patients on the combined therapy. Under conditions of mild cold stress (20°C) cold sensitivity increased in frequency in all three groups, more than half of the untreated and beta-blocked patients were affected and greater than one-third of those with alpha- and beta-blockade. These findings indicate that in the general population of hypertensives treatment with beta-adrenoceptor blockade alone may have little effect on the peripheral vasculature and that a useful degree of protection may be provided by therapy which blocks both receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547365
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acebutolol in hypertension: Relationships between drug concentration and effects (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 383-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Acebutolol ; N-acetyl metabolite ; drug plasma concentrations ; plasma renin activity ; hypertension ; β-blockade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Relationships between plasma concentrations of acebutolol (Ac) and its N-acetyl metabolite (Am) and pharmacological effects were studied in patients with essential hypertension. In an acute study (N=7) 400 mg oral acebutolol produced similar peak plasma levels of Ac and Am but Am had a longer half life. Group mean pulse and blood pressure fell significantly, although the size of individual blood pressure fall varied five-fold. There was no significant change in plasma renin activity. Correlations were found between drug concentration and β-blockade, assessed as % reduction in exercise tachycardia, and between both of these and the fall in post exercise systolic blood pressure. Similar comparisons were made in a chronic optimum dose study (N=11) both pre-dose and three hours post-dose. Am concentration was consistently higher than Ac at both times. Blood pressure was lowered equally pre-and post-dose when compared to placebo and plasma renin activity (PRA) was reduced on active treatment. Correlations were again shown between drug concentrations and β-blockade but none were found with changes in blood pressure or PRA. Between subject differences in blood pressure response could not be fully explained in terms of the other measurements but it is unlikely that pharmacokinetic differences are the major source of this variability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00716378
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Herstellung und physiologischen Eigenschaften einiger Acetylenverbindungen und verwandter Stoffe. 2. Mitteilung. Über die Umlagerung von 3,4-Di-p-anisyl-3-ol-hexin-(1) (1953)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 36 (1953), S. 1949-1955 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Attempts to remove water from 3,4-di-p-anisyl-1-hexyn-3-ol in acid medium resulted in rearrangement according to Meyer-Schuster principally and to Rupe to a minor extent. None of the derivatives of these rearrangement products reached the oestrogenicity of stilboestrol. The dehydration of 3,4-di-p-anisyl-3-hexen-2-ol does not lead to the expected diene but to the corresponding methylether of the known 1-ethyl-2-p-hydroxyphenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxyindene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19530360734
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über einige β-substituierte Fettsäureamide mit lokalanästhetischer Wirkung (1955)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 38 (1955), S. 1085-1095 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation and properties of further fatty acid anilides showing anaesthetic action are described and the relationship between chemical constitution and physiological effect is discussed. Two very active compounds having relatively low toxicities have been discovered, namely:-β-piperidino-n-butyric-acid-2,4-dichloranilide (XIV) and β-(2-methylpiperidino)-n-butyric-acid-anilide (V). A number of similar anilides show high activities, but other undesirable properties such as tissue irritation render them less useful.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19550380502
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence des substituants sur la vitesse de racémisation des cétones à carbone dissymétrique en alpha (1960)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 43 (1960), S. 1915-1927 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rates of racemisation, under constant conditions of pH and temperature, of two series of ketones with an asymmetric C-atom in α have been determined. As would be expected, substituents in the α position to the keto group influence the rate of racemisation, and it has been found possible to assess the relative electron donating or electron attracting effect of aliphatic, aliphatic-aromatic or aromatic substituents by measuring their influence on the rate of racemisation of a ketone containing the substituent considered.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19600430705
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über einige β-substituierte Fettsäureamide mit lokalanästhetischer Wirkung. 4. Mitteilung (1959)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 42 (1959), S. 1764-1771 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation and properties of some new β-alkylamino-butyric anilides have been described and a summary report on some of their pharmacological properties is given. Two derivatives (the p-(carbo-n-butoxy)-anilides of β-diethylamino- and of β-(1-piperidino)- butyric acid = XVI and XVIII) show promise as very active local anaesthetics with low toxicities. One derivative (β-N-pyrrolidino-n-butyric acid anilide = XXVII) shows strong potentiation of the sedative properties of barbiturates.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19590420603
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