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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunoradiometric assay of insulin, intact proinsulin and 32–33 split proinsulin and radioimmunoassay of insulin in diet-treated Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 469-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Proinsulin ; split proinsulin ; immunoradiometric assay ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; impaired Beta-cell function
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Plasma insulin, intact proinsulin and 32–33 split proinsulin measured by specific immunoradiometric assays and insulin and C-peptide measured by radioimmunoassay were measured during a constant infusion of glucose test in ten diet-treated subjects with a history of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes (termed diabetic subjects), mean fasting plasma glucose 6.0 ± 1.0 mmol/l (mean ± SD), and 12 non-diabetic control subjects. Immunoreactive insulin concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay were 33 higher than insulin and 16 % higher than the sum of insulin and its precursors by immunoradiometric assay. The diabetic and non-diabetic subjects had similar fasting concentrations of insulin, intact proinsulin and 32–33 split proinsulin. The ratio of fasting intact proinsulin to total insulin was greater in the diabetic than the non-diabetic group 12.0 % (6.8–21.0 %, 1 SD range) and 6.3 % (4.0–9.8 %), respectively,p 〈 0.01), though the groups overlapped substantially. After glucose infusion, diabetic and non-diabetic subjects had similar intact proinsulin concentrations (geometric mean 4.9 and 5.2 pmol/l, respectively), but the diabetic group had impaired insulin secretion by immunoradiometric assay (geometric means 55 and 101 pmol/1,p 〈 0.05) or by radioimmunoassay C-peptide (geometric means 935 and 1410 pmol/1,p 〈 0.05), though not by radioimmunoassay insulin (87 and 144 pmol/1,p = 0.12), respectively. Individual immunoradiometric assay insulin responses to glucose expressed in terms of obesity were subnormal in nine of ten diabetic subjects. Radioimmunoassay insulin and C-peptide gave less complete discrimination ( subnormal responses in six of ten and eight of ten, respectively). Thus, raised proinsulin and proinsulin:total insulin ratio are not necessarily a feature of mild diet-treated Type 2 diabetic patients with subnormal insulin responses to glucose.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02342446
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hyperproinsulinaemia in patients with myotonic dystrophy (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 1170-1172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Myotonic dystrophy ; proinsulin ; insulin resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Hyperinsulinaemia is a reported feature of the inherited multisystem disorder myotonic dystrophy. This phenomenon has been attributed to a compensatory beta cell response to tissue insulin resistance. In this study, circulating concentrations of insulin, proinsulin, and split proinsulin molecules were determined after an overnight fast in ten patients with myotonic dystrophy using two-site monoclonal antibody-based immunoradiometric assays. Results were compared with ten healthy control subjects matched for age, gender, and body mass index. Oral glucose tolerance (75 g), as defined by World Health Organization criteria, was normal in all subjects. Fasting plasma immunoreactive insulin concentration, as determined using a conventional radioimmunoassay, was almost three times higher (p〈0.005) in the myotonic dystrophy patients than the healthy control subjects. By contrast, fasting concentrations (mean±SEM) of C-peptide (0.75±0.09 vs 0.52±0.03 nmol/l, p=0.07) and immunoradiometrically-determined insulin (60±12 vs 38±4 pmol/l, p=0.09) were not significantly different between the groups. Fasting concentrations of proinsulin (10.3±2.9 vs 1.6±0.3 pmol/l, p〈0.01), and 32–33 split proinsulin (7.8±2.5 vs 2.9±0.4 pmol/l, p〈0.05) were significantly elevated in the patients with myotonic dystrophy. Accordingly, the mean fasting proinsulin∶insulin ratio, expressed as a percentage, was significantly increased in the myotonic patients (20±5 vs 4±1%, p〈0.01). The overall C-peptide response to the oral glucose challenge was significantly greater in the myotonic patients compared with the healthy control subjects (p〈0.001). These results provide corroborative evidence of increased beta-cell secretion in myotonic dystrophy. In addition, myotonic dystrophy is characterised by elevated plasma concentrations of proinsulin-like molecules which may cross-react in insulin radioimmunoassays.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401372
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hypertriglyceridaemia in subjects with normal and abnormal glucose tolerance: relative contributions of insulin secretion, insulin resistance and suppression of plasma non-esterified fatty acids (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 889-896 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; impaired glucose tolerance ; hypertriglyceridaemia ; hyperinsulinaemia ; non-esterified fatty acid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Although plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations are positively correlated in many studies, the relationships between insulin resistance, insulin secretion and hypertriglyceridaemia remain unclear. To study these associations, subjects between the ages of 40 and 64 were randomly selected from a general practice register and invited to attend for a standard oral glucose tolerance test for measurement of insulin, triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations. The study comprised 1122 subjects who were not previously known to have diabetes and who completed the test. Using the World Health Organisation criteria, 51 subjects were classified to have non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 188 had impaired glucose tolerance and 883 subjects had normal glucose tolerance. Triglyceride concentrations in subjects with glucose intolerance were elevated compared to those in control subjects, even after adjustment for age, obesity and gender (p〈0.001 for subjects with diabetes and p〈0.01 for those with impaired glucose tolerance compared to normal subjects). In separate multiple regression analyses for males and females, the most important determinants of the plasma triglyceride concentration were the area under the non-esterified fatty acid suppression curve (p〈0.001 in both genders) and the waist-hip ratio (p〈0.001 for men and 〈0.01 for women). The fasting insulin concentration was independently associated with triglyceride concentration in women only (p〈0.01). The most important determinant of the area under the non-esterified fatty acid suppression curve in men was the 30-min insulin increment, a measure of insulin secretion, (p〈0.001) whereas for women age (p〈0.001) and the body mass index (p〈0.01) were the most important.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400944
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hypertriglyceridaemia in subjects with normal and abnormal glucose tolerance: relative contributions of insulin secretion, insulin resistance and suppression of plasma non-esterified fatty acids (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 889-896 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; impaired glucose tolerance ; hypertriglyceridaemia ; hyperinsulinaemia ; non-esterified fatty acid.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Although plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations are positively correlated in many studies, the relationships between insulin resistance, insulin secretion and hypertriglyceridaemia remain unclear. To study these associations, subjects between the ages of 40 and 64 were randomly selected from a general practice register and invited to attend for a standard oral glucose tolerance test for measurement of insulin, triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations. The study comprised 1122 subjects who were not previously known to have diabetes and who completed the test. Using the World Health Organisation criteria, 51 subjects were classified to have non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 188 had impaired glucose tolerance and 883 subjects had normal glucose tolerance. Triglyceride concentrations in subjects with glucose intolerance were elevated compared to those in control subjects, even after adjustment for age, obesity and gender (p 〈 0.001 for subjects with diabetes and p 〈 0.01 for those with impaired glucose tolerance compared to normal subjects). In separate multiple regression analyses for males and females, the most important determinants of the plasma triglyceride concentration were the area under the non-esterified fatty acid suppression curve (p 〈 0.001 in both genders) and the waist-hip ratio (p 〈 0.001 for men and 〈 0.01 for women). The fasting insulin concentration was independently associated with triglyceride concentration in women only (p 〈 0.01). The most important determinant of the area under the non-esterified fatty acid suppression curve in men was the 30-min insulin increment, a measure of insulin secretion, (p 〈 0.001) whereas for women age (p 〈 0.001) and the body mass index (p 〈 0.01) were the most important. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 889–896]
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400944
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