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  • Renal blood flow  (3)
  • ischemia  (3)
  • Organic Chemistry  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal effects of furosemide in glycerol induced acute renal failure of the rat (1976)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 365 (1976), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Renal failure ; Micropuncture ; Diuretics ; Glomerular filtration rate ; Effective filtration pressure ; Renal blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The renal effects of furosemide in acute renal failure of the rat were studied using clearance and micropuncture techniques. Acute renal failure was induced by an intramuscular injection of 50% glycerol (10 ml/kg). Functional impairement of the glycerol treated animals consisted of a decrease in urinary sodium excretion, renal blood flow, total kidney GFR and effective filtration pressure of superficial nephrons. Effective filtration pressure was calculated from proximal free flow and stop flow pressure measurements. In contrast to control animals furosemide did not increase urine volume during acute renal failure due to a marked fall in GFR. Renal blood flow, as measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter, also decreased after furosemide in glycerol treated rats and increased in control animals. Furosemide reduced effective filtration pressure during acute renal failure to almost zero, whereas in control animals effective filtration pressure virtually remained constant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583631
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Action of the competitive angiotensin II antagonist saralasin during the initial phase of glycerol-induced acute renal failure of the rat (1977)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 301 (1977), S. 139-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Renal function ; Renal blood flow ; Glomerular filtration rate ; Urine volume ; Urinary sodium excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of the competitive angiotensin II antagonist saralasin (1-sarcosine-8-alanine-5-isoleucine-angiotensin II) on renal function in healthy rats and in rats with myohemoglobinuric acute renal failure were studied. Acute renal failure was induced by an intramuscular injection of 50% glycerol (10 ml ·kg−1). Functional impairment of the glycerol treated animals consisted in a decrease of renal blood flow (electromagnetic flowmeter) and GFR and in an increase of urine volume and arterial blood pressure. In healthy rats saralasin (6 μg·kg−1·min−1 i.v.) had no renal effects by itself but antagonized the angiotensin II (200 ng·kg−1·min i.v.) induced fall of renal blood flow and GFR and the increase of arterial blood pressure. Given to glycerol treated animals saralasin did not induce any change of arterial blood pressure, renal blood flow, GFR or the urinary excretion of fluid and sodium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00501429
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of dopamine on whole kidney function and proximal transtubular volume fluxes in the rat (1977)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 296 (1977), S. 289-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Renal transport ; Dopamine ; β-Adrenoreceptors ; Micropuncture ; Renal blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The renal effects of dopamine were studied using clearance and micropuncture techniques in rats. Intravenous infusion of dopamine (4.7 · 10−6 mol · kg−1 · h−1) increased glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow. Renal blood flow was measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter. The increase in filtered fluid and sodium was nearly completely matched by increased tubular reabsorption. Thus, only a small rise in urine flow and in urinary sodium excretion was observed. The micropuncture experiments using the split oil droplet method of Gertz demonstrated a stimulation of the transepithelial fluid transfer after injection of dopamine (10−4M) into the proximal tubular lumen. This effect was abolished by simultaneous injection of propranolol (10−3 M) which, by its own, did not affect transtubular volume fluxes. It is concluded that dopamine, by stimulation of β-adrenoceptors, may increase reabsorptive capacity of the proximal tubular epithelium independent of changes in renal hemodynamics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498695
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal and spatial development of infarcts in porcine hearts (1984)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 79 (1984), S. 440-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: myocardium ; ischemia ; infarction ; reperfusion ; pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated the temporal and spatial development of infarcts in porcine hearts to evaluate the time-dependent beneficial effect of reperfusion on infarct size. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded in 17 pigs for different periods of time followed by 4 hours of reperfusion. Transmural needle biopsies subdivided into subendocardial and subepicardial halves were taken from the ischemic apex after 60 min of ischemia to determine the tissue concentrations of ATP and NAD. The myocardium-at-risk was assessed with a fluorescent dye injected into the right atrium at the end of the experiments, just after the LAD had been reoccluded. The excised hearts were cut into slices parallel to the heart basis. The ischemic myocardium was measured by planimetry of the nonfluorescent areas whereas the infarcted tissue was determined with the NBT stain and related to the area-at-risk. Ischemic cell death started in the jeopardized left ventricular subendocardial septum after about 30 min of ischemia. The further progress involved the right subendocardial septum and the subendocardium of the left anterior free wall. Already after 75 min of ischemia most of the myocytes-at-risk were irreversibly injured. Infarctions reached their final extent after 90–120 min of ischemia. These results indicate that in hearts without a significant collateral blood flow reperfusion can only reduce infarct size if its initiated within 60–75 min of ischemia. Like in canine hearts infarctions progress from the ischemic subendocardium towards the outer layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01908144
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracoronary hyperosmotic mannitol during reperfusion does not affect infarct size in ischemic, reperfused porcine hearts (1985)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 80 (1985), S. 251-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: mannitol ; ischemia ; reperfusion ; infarct size ; pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated the effect of reperfusion with hyperosmotic mannitol on the infarct size in porcine hearts. The distal half of the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded in each of 21 anesthetized pigs for 75 min and was reperfused for 2 h. During reperfusion mannitol (1075 mosmol/kg) was intracoronarily infused at a dose of 0.5 ml/min in 6 pigs (“low” mannitol group), at a dose of 1.5 ml/min in another 6 pigs (“high” mannitol group), and at a dose of 5 ml/min in 3 pigs for the first 8 min of reperfusion (“very high” mannitol group). 6 pigs served as controls. Although mannitol infusion increased plasma osmolality in the ischemic, reperfused myocardium in all experiments, the infarct size expressed as the ratio of the infarcted tissue over the area at risk of necrosis was not significantly influenced. Infarct size amounted to 72±25% in the control group, to 75±14% in the “low” mannitol group, to 78±18% in the “high” mannitol group, and to 93±8% in the “very high” mannitol group. These results clearly indicate that reperfusion with hyperosmotic mannitol after 75 min of ischemia does not exert any beneficial effect on the infarct size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01907901
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute treatment with vitamin E does not protect the regionally ischemic, reperfused porcine heart (1991)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 86 (1991), S. 32-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: ischemia ; reperfusion ; vitamin E ; infarct size ; regionalsystolic shortening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty pigs were randomly assigned to a blind treatment with vitamin E or placebo. Ten animals each received 0.5g d-alpha tocopherol intravenously before ischemia (group 1) or before reperfusion (group 2). Ten control pigs were treated with a lipid emulsion as placebo. The left anterior descending coronary artery was distally ligated for 45 min followed by 3 days of reperfusion. Infarct size was determined as ratio of infarcted (tetrazolium stain) to ischemic myocardium (dye technique). Regional systolic shortening was assessed by sonomicrometry. Myocardial and plasma concentrations of vitamin E were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Global hemodynamic parameters and estimated left ventricular oxygen consumption did not differ among the three groups. Intravenous treatment with vitamin E raised the plasma levels of this vitamin from 1 ± 0.3 mg/l (control group) to 21 ± 6 mg/l before ischemia, to 4 ± 2 mg/l before reperfusion and to 2 ± 0.6 mg/l at the end of the experiments in group 1. In group 2, vitamin E plasma levels increased from 1 ± 0.3 mg/l to 24 ± 13 mg/l before reperfusion and to 2 ± 0.6 mg/l after 3 days of reperfusion. At the end of the experiments, myocardial vitamin E concentrations amounted to 4.2 ± 0.7 ng/mg fresh weight (control group), 9.7 ± 2.1 ng/mg (group 1), and to 8.7 ± 1.4 ng/mg (group 2). The increase in vitamin E plasma concentration was not associated with a cardioprotective effect. Infarct sizes of the three groups (group 1: 68 ± 12%, group 2: 66 ± 15%, control group: 69 ± 8%) were almost identical. Furthermore, recovery of systolic shortening was not improved by the acute vitamin E treatment. Mean systolic shortening of the reperfused segment amounted to 4% in the two treatment groups and 3% in the control group after 3 days of reperfusion. These results suggest that an acute increase in vitamin E plasma concentration before ischemia or during the early phase of reperfusion does not protect the ischemic, reperfused porcine heart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02193869
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substituierte Alkinyle als axiale Liganden an häminähnlich gebundenem Eisen(III) - Einordnung in eine spektrochemische SerieHerrn Professor Dr. E. Hoyer zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 333 (1991), S. 423-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Substituted Alkinyles as Axial Ligands at Hemine Like Bound Iron(III) - Incorporation into a Spectrochemical Series.Substituted lithium alkynyles Li—C≡C—R (R = tBu, Ph, p-Cl—C6H4, Me3Si, iPr3Si, Ph3Si) react with the hemine like macrocyclic iron(III) complex 6,13-di(ethoxycarbonyl)-5, 14-dimethyl-1, 4, 8, 11-tetraazatetradeca-4,6,12,14-tetraenato[2-]iron(III)-iodide (formula 2;) in tetrahydrofuran to form anionic low-spin di-adducts [fe(C≡C—R)2]-. The incorporation of the alkynyles into a spectrochemical series of the axial ligands (studied by the sharp equatorial-ligand-to-metal CT absorption band) results in the wavelength-sequence (nm): OH- (≍ 510) « N3- (≍ 625) 〈 tBu—C≡C- (664) 〈 NH3 (666) 〈 Ph—C≡C- (692) 〈 Ph—NH2 (695) 〈 Me3Si—C≡C- (698) 〈 SCN- (713) 〈 Ph3Si—C ≡ C- (716) 〈 CN- (739) 〈 4-picoline (759) 〈 pyridine (765) 〈 nicotinamide (776) 〈 methylnicotinat (788) 〈 pyrazine (798) and points to a significant π-acceptor ability of the silyl substituents.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19913330307
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cation selective tubular carrier-PVC-membranes containing polymeric plasticizer with low tendency of migration for Solid State Contact Electrodes (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 336 (1994), S. 575-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The lifetime of cation selective carrier-PVC-membranes partially depends on the components' remaining in the membrane. An exchange of monomeric by polymeric plasticizers with low tendency to migrate lengthens the function time drastically. Other than for Na+ - and NH4+-selective membranes, it is essential for K+ - and Ca2+-selective membranes and optional for H+-selective membranes to incorporate lipophilic anions in order to make the phase transfer catalysis more efficient. The resistence to saponification of phthalic acid polyester gives H+-selective membranes a high stability of measured values even in the alkaline range.For anion selective PVC-membranes, instead of cation selective plasticizers the plasticizing qualities of a liquid charged ligand should be used.The tubular carrier-PVC-membranes of our ion selective flow through measuring systems are diffusion welded to the ends of two PVC-tubes [1] so that they are absolutely tight with no risk of potential leakage. Migration of the membrane components plasticizer and ionophore across this border as well as their extraction [2, 3] into the measuring solution [4] will naturally reduce the membrane's functionning time [5].
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19943360703
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