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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geographic variation in mortality among individuals with youth-onset diabetes mellitus across the world (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 212-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords IDDM ; mortality ; incidence ; epidemiology ; life expectancy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate the geographic variation in mortality among individuals with youth-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) across the world. The study was based on the currently available IDDM incidence and mortality data. Mortality data for diabetes in the 0–24 year age group were obtained from World Health Organization (WHO) statistics. The mortality rates were adjusted for the frequency of occurrence of IDDM by dividing the mortality rates by the IDDM incidence rates which were obtained from the WHO DiaMond project. There was a more than 10-fold geographic variation in mortality between the developed countries and Eastern European populations. The areas with the highest mortality rates were located in Japan, Eastern Europe and Russia. The areas having the best outcome associated with IDDM were Northern Europe, Central Europe, and Canada. An ecological study demonstrated a relationship between the incidence-adjusted mortality (estimated case-fatality) with IDDM incidence itself (Spearman's correlation coefficient = –0.45) as well as infant mortality and life expectancy at birth. These data demonstrated the possibility of an enormous geographic variation in mortality of youth-onset diabetic patients even in developed countries. It is important to note that these excess deaths are potentially preventable. The ecological study also suggested that the mortality differences may be in part related to overall and diabetes related care. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 212–216]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050665
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Socioeconomic and behavioural risk factors for mortality of individuals with IDDM in Japan: population-based case-control study (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 710-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; mortality ; case-control study ; clinical attendance ; risk factor.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this population-based, one-to-one matched-pair case-control study was to evaluate the factors concerning the markedly increased risk for dying among Japanese subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) from a social and behavioural perspective. The study was based on the population-based cohort of IDDM subjects in the Diabetes Epidemiology Research International Mortality Study. We studied 90 cases who died and 90 living control subjects, selected from the rest of the cohort, who were matched for sex, birth year, year of diagnosis and duration of diabetes. Socioeconomic and behavioural status were surveyed through a questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression analyses based on 55 respondent pairs revealed that the better educated patients (year of completing education: odds ratio = 0.66) who kept the same physician (number of times a patient changed physician: odds ratio = 2.77) and who attended a clinic specializing in diabetes (attendance at university hospital clinic: odds ratio = 0.18) injecting insulin several times a day (number of injections, odds ratio = 0.31) and more frequently attending the clinic (≥ 12 times per year, odds ratio = 0.23) were at substantially lower risk of death. The results begin to profile the patients with the highest risk of dying who could be identified earlier and undergo intervention treatment. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 710–716]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418543
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogeny of cholecystokinin-8 and glutamic acid decarboxylase in cerebral neocortex of macaque monkey (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 74 (1989), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cholecystokinin-8 ; Glutamic acid de-carboxylase ; Cerebral cortex ; Primate ; Ontogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Concentration of cholecystokinin-8 and the activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase were determined in the various cerebral cortical subdivisions of Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata fuscata) at three different ages (embryonic 4 months, full-term and adult). The CCK-8 immunoreactive material extracted with 90% methanol from the cerebral cortex of the adult and foetal monkey were shown to be identical with synthetic cholecystokinin-8 by the criterion of co-elution on gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-50). The peptide concentration increased dramatically by about 30–80 fold (in terms of protein) and 17–28 fold (in terms of wet weight) between embryonic 4-month-old and full-term monkeys, while the level decreased 1/6–1/16 (protein) and 1/4–1/10 (wet weight) between full-term and adult monkeys. In adults, the highest levels of the peptide was observed in the association cortex, orbital prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex. Glutamic acid decarboxylase activity, on the other hand, gradually increased about 4–10 fold (protein) between embryonic 4-month-old and adult animals and there was little variation in the increase rate among the cerebral subdivisions. In contrast to cholecystokinin-8, no reduction in the enzyme activity occurred between full-term and adult animals. The high level of cholecystokinin-8 in the embryonic period suggests that the peptide may participate in the regulation of the development of primate cerebral cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248857
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Socioeconomic and behavioural risk factors for mortality of individuals with IDDM in Japan: population-based case-control study (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 710-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; mortality ; case-control study ; clinical attendance ; risk factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this population-based, one-to-one matched-pair case-control study was to evaluate the factors concerning the markedly increased risk for dying among Japanese subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) from a social and behavioural perspective. The study was based on the population-based cohort of IDDM subjects in the Diabetes Epidemiology Research International Mortality Study. We studied 90 cases who died and 90 living control subjects, selected from the rest of the cohort, who were matched for sex, birth year, year of diagnosis and duration of diabetes. Socioeconomic and behavioural status were surveyed through a questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression analyses based on 55 respondent pairs revealed that the better educated patients (year of completing education: odds ratio =0.66) who kept the same physician (number of times a patient changed physician: odds ratio =2.77) and who attended a clinic specializing in diabetes (attendance at university hospital clinic: odds ratio =0.18) injecting insulin several times a day (number of injections, odds ratio =0.31) and more frequently attending the clinic (≥ 12 times per year, odds ratio =0.23) were at substantially lower risk of death. The results begin to profile the patients with the highest risk of dying who could be identified earlier and undergo intervention treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418543
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of full-length Trk B-immunoreactive structures in the prefrontal and visual cortices of the macaque monkey (2000)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 201 (2000), S. 139-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Frontal cortex ; Visual cortex ; Primate ; BDNF ; NT4/5
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Distribution and morphological changes of cells containing the signal transducing neurotrophin receptor, full-length Trk B (fl-Trk B), were investigated in the prefrontal cortex (area FD) and the primary visual cortex (area OC) of the macaque monkey between embryonic day 140 and the adult stage. In area FD at the adult stage, fl-Trk B immunoreactivity was mainly observed in the pyramidal cells in layers II/III, V and VI. Small numbers of granule cells in layer IV were immunopositive. Bipolar and multipolar cells in layer II were rarely immunoreactive. At embryonic day 140, the number of fl-Trk B immunoreactive pyramidal cell was high, and gradually decreased until the adult stage. In layer IV, the number of fl-Trk B-ir cells was also high at embryonic day 140, and decreased remarkably from postnatal day 7 to the adult stage. On the other hand, in area OC at the adult stage, cells in layers II/III, IV, V and VI were fl-Trk B immunopositive. From embryonic day 140 until adulthood, the cells in layer IVc were fl-Trk B immunoreactive. The strongest fl-Trk B immunoreactivity in areas FD and OC occurred at postnatal month 6, coinciding with the time of the synapse overproduction. These findings suggest that ligands of fl-Trk B, such as BDNF and NT4/5 may be involved in the development and maintenance of the monkey cerebral cortices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008234
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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