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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Lung edema ; Acute respiratory distress syndrome ; Leukotrienes ; LTB4 ; Omega-oxidation products of LTB4 ; Broncho-alveolar lavage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Leukotriene (LT) generation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the acure respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS. In the present study, we analysed broncho-alveolar lavage fluids of patients on mechanical ventilation because of ARDS (17 samples taken from 9 patients) or because of cardiogenic edema (8 samples taken from 6 patients) and of healthy volunteers (10 samples from different donors). LTs were separated as methylated and non-methylated compounds using different HPLC procedures, and were identified by chromatographic mobility, on-line UV-spectrum analysis and post HPLC immunoreactivity. In the lavage samples of the healthy volunteers and the patients with cardiogenic edema, no LTs were detected by these technicues (detection limit≃0.1–0.2 ng/ml lavage fluid). By contrast, in 15 out of 17 samples from patients with ARDS LTB4 or its metabolites 20-OH-LTB4 and 20-COOH-LTB4 were detected. The endproduct of omega-oxidation, 20-COOH-LTB4, represented the quantitatively predominant compound, detected in the range of 0.3–2.6ng/ml perfusate. We conclude that the chemotactic agent LTB4 may be involved in the amplification of inflammatory events encountered in ARDS, and that the oxidized metabolites of LTB4 are particularly suitable for monitoring lung leukotriene generation under conditions of neutrophil efflux and oxidative stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 36 (1999), S. 104-125 
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Key words Acute/adult respiratory distress syndrome ; nitric oxide ; prostacyclin ; surfactant ; mechanical ventilation ; liquid ventilation ; membrane oxygenation? ; Schlüsselwörter Acute/adult respiratory distress syndrome ; Stickstoffmonoxid ; Prostazyklin ; Surfactant ; mechanische Beatmung ; Liquidventilation ; extrakorporale Membranoxygenierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Diese Übersicht faßt die aktuell diskutierten Therapiestrategien beim ARDS vor dem Hintergrund ihrer klinischen Etablierbarkeit zusammen. Die vorgestellten Behandlungskonzepte reichen von antiinflammatorischen Therapieansätzen über Stickstoffmonoxid und Surfactant bis zu neuen Beatmungsstrategien.
    Notes: Summary This review summarizes actually discussed therapeutic strategies in ARDS and their possible role for clinical use. The presented therapeutic modalities include antiinflammatory treatment, nitric oxide and surfactant and new ventilation regimes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Key words Acute/adult respiratory distress syndrome ; prostacyclin ; primary pulmonary hypertension ; nitric oxide ; Schlüsselwörter Acute/adult respiratory distress syndrome ; Prostazyklin ; Primäre pulmonale Hypertonie ; Stickstoffmonoxid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Trotz ihrer ausgeprägten vasodilatativen Potenz in der pulmonalen Strombahn sind die Indikationen zur intravenösen Applikation der vasodilatativen Prostanoide PGE1 und PGI2 durch fehlende pulmonale und intrapulmonale Selektivität begrenzt. Ein therapeutischer Ansatz stellt die ambulante intravenöse Dauertherapie bei Patienten mit primärer pulmonaler Hypertonie (PPH) vor (Herz-)Lungentransplantation dar. Bei Patienten mit adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) führen PGE1 und PGI2 zu einer Abnahme des gesamtperipheren Widerstandes (fehlende pulmonale Selektivität), und die generelle pulmonale Vasodilatation induziert oder verstärkt Ventilations-Perfusions-Verteilungsstörungen mit begleitender Verschlechterung des Gasaustausches (fehlende intrapulmonale Selektivität). Die transbronchiale PGI2-Applikation (Aerosol) dagegen erzielt eine pulmonale und intrapulmonale Selektivität, die ein fast identisches Wirkungsprofil erreicht, wie der selektive pulmonale Vasodilatator Stickstoffmonoxid (NO). Darüber hinaus liegen erste Langzeiterfahrungen mit der repetitiven Aerosol-Applikation des länger wirkenden Iloprost bei Patienten mit schwerster pulmonaler Hypertonie vor.
    Notes: Summary The vasodilatory prostanoids PGE1 and PGI2 possess strong vasodilatory potency in the pulmonary circulation. Their application is, however, limited by the lack of pulmonary and intrapulmonary selectivity. By use of chronic ambulatory PGI2-infusion, patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) may be bridged for (heart-) lung transplantation. In patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), PGE1 and PGI2 lower the pulmonary vascular resistance, but may also decrease the systemic pressure (limited pulmonary selectivity) and increase ventilation-perfusion-mismatch, accompanied by an impairment of gas exchange (limited intrapulmonary selectivity). Application of PGI2 via the transbronchial route (aerosol) may achieve pulmonary and intrapulmonary selectivity with an efficacy profile comparable to that of the selective pulmonary vasodilator nitric oxide (NO). Repetitive aerosol application of the stable PGI2 analogue iloprost is under consideration for long-term treatment of patients with severe pulmonary hypertension such as primary pulmonary hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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