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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 21 (1999), S. 221-224 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Gall bladder ; Agenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'absence congénitale de la vésicule biliaire est une malformation dont l'incidence est évaluée de 0,013 à 0,075 %. Nous rapportons deux observations d'agénésie de la vésicule biliaire, représentant les premiers cas de l'Afrique du Sud, nous les confronterons au 413 cas de la littérature. Pour confirmer le diagnostic d'agénésie de la vésicule biliaire, il est nécessaire d'exclure les localisations vésiculaires anormales, soit intra-hépatiques, soit rétro-hépatiques, soit dans le foie gauche, soit à l'intérieur de l'omentum ou du ligament falciforme, voire même rétro-péritonéales. Les patients porteurs d'agénésie de la vésicule biliaire sont classés en trois catégories : 1) Sujets porteurs de multiples anomalies foetales (12,9 %) 2) Sujets asymptômatiques (33,6 %) 3) Sujets avec manifestations cliniques (55,6 %). Néanmoins, les modalités diagnostiques habituelles peuvent, dans de rares conditions, se présenter dans le cadre d'une urgence chirurgicale abdominale. L'agénésie de la vésicule biliaire est une malformation bien connue, mais reste une anomalie rare. Avec l'avènement des abords chirurgicaux à minima, la laparotomie peut être évitée à condition que dans les cas suspectés, on réalise une exploration par endoscopie rétrograde des voies biliaires et pancréatiques (ERCP) et un scanner abdominal.
    Notes: Summary Congenital absence of the gall bladder is an extremely rare embryological aberration with a reported incidence ranging between 0.013 and 0.075%. This report, the first from South Africa, discusses 2 cases of gall bladder agenesis, bringing to 413 the number of cases reported in the literature. In confirming the diagnosis of an agenesis of the gall bladder, it is necessary to exclude the abnormal locations which are intrahepatic, retrohepatic, on the left side, or within the lesser omentum or falciform ligament and retroperitoneal. Patients with gall bladder agenesis are classified into 3 categories: i) Multiple foetal anomaly (12.9%), ii) Asymptomatic (31.6%) and iii) Symptomatic (55.6%). Notwithstanding current diagnostic modalities, this rare condition may still present a dilemma to the abdominal surgeon. Agenesis of the gall bladder is a well-recognised but uncommon congenital abnormality. With the advent of minimal access surgery laparotomy may be avoided as the condition, when suspected, may be confirmed by ERCP and CT scan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 21 (1999), S. 221-224 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Gall bladder ; Agenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Congenital absence of the gall bladder is an extremely rare embryological aberration with a reported incidence ranging between 0.013 and 0.075%. This report, the first from South Africa, discusses 2 cases of gall bladder agenesis, bringing to 413 the number of cases reported in the literature. In confirming the diagnosis of an agenesis of the gall bladder, it is necessary to exclude the abnormal locations which are intrahepatic, retrohepatic, on the left side, or within the lesser omentum or falciform ligament and retroperitoneal. Patients with gall bladder agenesis are classified into 3 categories: i) Multiple foetal anomaly (12.9%), ii) Asymptomatic (31.6%) and iii) Symptomatic (55.6%). Notwithstanding current diagnostic modalities, this rare condition may still present a dilemma to the abdominal surgeon. Agenesis of the gall bladder is a well-recognised but uncommon congenital abnormality. With the advent of minimal access surgery laparotomy may be avoided as the condition, when suspected, may be confirmed by ERCP and CT scan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 46 (1996), S. 179-187 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: electrical conductivity ; leaching ; nitrogen ; pH ; phosphorus ; potassium ; release pattern ; slow-release fertilizers ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We studied the effect of temperature on the release of N, P, and K from slow-release fertilizers (SRF). The study was conducted in micro-lysimeters filled with moist peat medium. Increasing the temperature from 4 to 12°C slightly increased N release from three different slow-release N (SRN) carriers with different particle sizes and coating thicknesses. At 21°C the rate of release was significantly different than the other two temperatures. Urea formaldehyde (UF), sulphur coated urea (SCU) and coated calcium nitrate (CCN), incubated in sphagnum moss peat, released between 3 and 20% of the applied N in six weeks. For eight synthetic and organic NPK carriers, the release pattern was similar to UF and SCU. However, the leaching losses of N from the NPK fertilizers were up to twenty times more than for the SRN products. Except for Osmocote® and Duna, which released 30–40% of the applied N as mineral-N within six weeks, all other slow-release and slowly mineralized NPK carriers acted like readily water-soluble compound NPK. Temperature did not affect the nutrient release from NPK fertilizers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: alley cropping ; maize ; nitrogen ; organic matter ; soil fertility ; Leucaena leucocephala ; Flemingia congesta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A detailed study of the soil chemical and physical properties in seven-year-old alley cropping trial containingLeucaena leucocephala andFlemingia congesta in Northern Zambia is described. There was a strong correlation between the maize yield and the total amount of nitrogen applied, both from prunings and fertiliser, suggesting that a major reason for the observed benefit from alley cropping, particularly withLeucaena, was due to an improvement in nitrogen supply.Leucaena produced significantly more biomass, and its leaves had higher concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium and lower C/N and C/P ratios than did those ofFlemingia. There was also evidence that the trees had a beneficial effect on other soil chemical properties; under the hedgerows, particularly those ofLeucaena, there were higher levels of organic carbon, Mg, K and ECEC, and pH values were also highest. It is suggested that higher levels of organic carbon in the alley crop treatments were responsible for the improvements observed in soil physical properties. Lower bulk density, lower penetration resistance, and a higher infiltration rate and pore volume fraction were measured in the alley crops, although there was no significant change in the soil water release parameters. A deteriorating effect of constant applications of nitrogen fertiliser on soil fertility was observed; as the level of urea application increased, there were significant decreases in Mg, K and pH, increases in Al and soil acidity, and higher penetrometer resistance. These results highlight the urgent need for further research on biological methods of maintaining soil fertility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 127 (1990), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: dry matter yield ; nickel ; nitrogen ; nutrient concentration ; wheat roots ; wheat tops
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A glasshouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of Ni on the growth and nutrients concentration in wheat (Triticum aestivum Cv. WH 291) in the presence and absence of applied N as urea. Responses to N application were observed up to 120 μg N g−1 soil. No response to Ni was observed in the dry matter yield of wheat tops (leaves + stem) in the absence of applied N while in the presence of applied N, significant yield increases were obtained at 12.5μg Ni g−1 soil. Nickel was not toxic to wheat up to 50μg Ni g−1 soil in the presence of 120μg N g−1 soil. Nitrogen and Ni concentration in wheat tops and roots increased with increasing levels of applied N and Ni, respectively. Applied Ni had an antagonistic effect on N concentration. Similarly, N reduced the Ni concentration in the wheat tissues. Positive growth responses to Ni were associated with 22 and 15μg Ni g−1 in wheat tops, in the presence of applied N at 60 and 120μg N g−1 soil, while Ni toxicity was associated with 63, 92.5 and 112.5μg Ni g−1 in wheat tops, in the absence and presence of applied N at 60 and 120μg N g−1 soil, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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