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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Safety and efficacy of interferon retreatment in children with chronic hepatitis B (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1998), S. 382-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Chronic hepatitis B ; Children ; Alpha-interferon ; Non-responder ; Retreatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract More than 50% of children with chronic hepatitis B do not respond to treatment with alpha-interferon. Since these patients continue to display high viral replication and progressive liver disease, retreatment should be considered. To date it has not been well evaluated whether a second course of treatment could increase the response rate. In two alpha-interferon retreatment trials in adult patients the response rate, defined by seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe, ranged between 11% and 44%. One beta-interferon retreatment study in children reported a seroconversion rate of 32%. Regrettably, none of the studies included a control group observing the `spontaneous' seroconversion rate after a first interferon cycle. Thus, a nonrandomized alpha-interferon retreatment study in children including control patients was performed. Alpha-interferon for retreatment was administered 3 times a week for 16–24 weeks in 15 children (5–16 years) at least 6 months after ceasing the first cycle. Four children received 5 MU/m2 of a natural alpha-interferon and 11 children 9 MU/m2 recombinant alpha-interferon 2b. Follow up was 18–47 months after initial treatment. In parallel, a control group of 19 un-retreated children with comparable clinical and demographic data was followed for 12–39 months. HBeAg seroconversion was observed in 5 (33%) of the retreated children and in 5 (26%) of the control patients during follow up. The difference is not significant. In the initially nonresponding children, those with high ALT levels before the first treatment showed late HBeAg seroconversion more frequently than those with low ALT levels (P = 0.017) irrespective of retreatment. The ALT level before retreatment was not a predictor for response. Conclusions A second cycle of alpha-interferon during the 3 years following the first treatment in nonresponding children with chronic hepatitis B can be safely performed but did not increase HBeAg/anti-HBe seroconversion compared with the spontaneous seroconversion rate of patients without retreatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050834
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of carbon dioxide with clean and oxygenated Cu(110) surfaces (1992)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 14 (1992), S. 197-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide ; oxygenated Cu(110) ; thermal desorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Thermal desorption studies of CO2 adsorbed on Cu(110) at 85 K and low pressures reveal nearly 100% dissociation on the oxygen-free surface to give adsorbed oxygen and CO. By oxygen predosing a pronounced molecular adsorption state at 100 K is induced with up to a twenty-fold coverage increase, which cannot be explained by simply considering the dissociation equilibrium on the surface. Probably new sites are generated by oxygen as indicated by a pronounced increase of the sticking coefficient. The adsorbed amount of CO2 in dependence on oxygen dose at 85 K exhibits a maximum, which is tentatively attributed to the dynamics of the surface due to oxygen induced reconstruction ((1×1) → p(2×1)). On polycrystalline copper enhanced CO2 dissociation is observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00765233
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption states of carbon monoxide on oxygenated Cu(110) faces (1992)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 16 (1992), S. 335-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: Thermal desorption ; carbon monoxide ; oxygenated Cu(110) ; surface reconstruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Oxygen preadsorption on Cu(110) surfaces strongly reduces the CO desorption peak at 220 K, typical for clean Cu(110) and induces the development of less tightly bound states, which probably correspond to sites on Cu(111) micro-facets, formed in the course of oxygen stimulated surface reconstruction. A smaller part of the CO molecules (⩽ 20%) seems to interact with adsorbed oxygen to give adsorbed CO 2 − which can be stabilized in the presence of CO2 by formation of van der Waals complexes, e.g. [CO2 · CO 2 − ]. At increasing temperature this complex decomposes or disproportionates to give desorbing CO and adsorbed CO 3 − . The interpretation is tentative, but some evidence is given to it by TDS from Cu(111), by XPS, STM and SIMS studies and by theoretical calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00764345
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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