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  • angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor  (2)
  • plasma renin activity  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the renal effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and calcium antagonist in hypertensive Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with microalbuminuria: a randomised controlled trial (1989)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 32 (1989), S. 40-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Hypertension ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients ; microalbuminuria ; kidney function ; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ; calcium antagonist ; diabetic nephropathy ; antihypertensive therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seven of eight hypertensive Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with microalbuminuria completed a randomised crossover trial to compare the renal effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril) and calcium antagonist (nicardipine). Four-week fixed oral maintenance dosages of enalapril (10–20 mg/day) and nicardipine (60–120 mg/day) significantly (p〈0.05) lowered the systolic and diastolic blood pressures without altering renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction. Both drugs significantly reduced (p〈0.05) urinary albumin excretion rate and fractional clearance of albumin to similar extents. Total renal vascular resistance decreased significantly by nicardipine (p〈0.05) and non-significantly by enalapril. Plasma osmotic pressure, plasma aldosterone concentration, total serum protein concentration, serum electrolytes and HbA1c remained unchanged by these drugs, whereas plasma renin activity was significantly higher (p〈0.05) in the enalapril than in the control and nicardipine phases. These results suggest that both drugs have similar renal function preserving effects with a concomitant hypotensive action in hypertensive Type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria, and that the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor may not have advantageous renal effects when compared to the calcium antagonist and vice versa. Both drugs might be useful for treatment of high blood pressure in hypertensive diabetic patients, if long-term studies of these drugs can be shown to benefit the patients over other conventional antihypertensive therapies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265402
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of dilevalol, an R, R-isomer of labetalol, on blood pressure and renal function in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: dilevalol ; hypertension ; labetolol R-R-isomer ; renal function ; plasma renin activity ; plasma aldosterone ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of oral dilevalol (an R, R-isomer of labetalol), a new β-adrenoceptor blocker with β2-receptor stimulating and α-recepter blocking properties on blood pressure, renal function, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone have been studied in 15 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension treated with it for 6 weeks. Two patients with apparent treatment failure and one patient who developed muscle pain and cramps, and had an elevated creatine phosphokinase level, were excluded from the study. Dilevalol monotherapy 100 mg once daily for 6 weeks significantly lowered both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to placebo. Total renal vascular resistance was significantly reduced, and RBF and GFR remained unchanged. Dilevalol significantly decreased PRA. The results suggest that prolonged daily treatment with dilevalol preserves renal function and produces a concomitant hypotensive action in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. The ancillary pharmacological properties of dilevalol rather than PRA suppression may be relevant to its renal effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00555500
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of chronic treatment with enalapril on glucose tolerance and serum insulin in non-insulin-resistant Japanese patients with essential hypertension (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 45 (1993), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Enalapril ; Hypertension ; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ; glucose tolerance ; insulin sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of enalapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on glucose tolerance and serum insulin response to a glucose load has been evaluated in 8 non-obese patients (3 women and 5 men) with untreated essential hypertension (WHO Stage I or II) and without insulin resistance. Following a 2-month run-in control period, each patient received oral enalapril 10 mg once daily for 6 months, and an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed at the end of the run-in control and active treatment periods. Treatment with enalapril significantly lowered both the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The response of plasma glucose to the IVGTT, glucose disappearance rate (k-value) and area under the serum insulin concentration time curve were comparable between the two phases. The results suggest that long-term treatment with enalapril has no effect on glucose tolerance in non-obese, non-insulin-resistant patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315345
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal kallikrein in diabetic patients with hypertension accompanied by nephropathy (1986)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 29 (1986), S. 162-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Renal kallikrein ; urinary kallikrein excretion ; diabetes mellitus ; hypertension ; nephropathy ; plasma aldosterone concentration ; plasma renin activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We measured the 24-h excretion of urinary kallikrein in 27 patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes and in 10 normal control subjects. Mean (± SD) kallikrein excretion in diabetic patients with nephropathy (6.2±2.4 naphthyl units (NU)/day,n=13) was significantly lower than in control subjects (12.8±3.4NU/day,p〈0.01) and in diabetic patients without nephropathy (9.4±3.4NU/day,n=14,p〈0.05). Kallikrein excretion in hypertensive diabetic patients with nephropathy (5.1±1.6 NU/day,n=8) was significantly lower (p〈0.05) than in normotensive patients with nephropathy (8.3±2.1 NU/day,n=5). There were no significant differences in kallikrein excretion rate (24-h excretion of urinary kallikrein/24-h creatinine clearance) among control subjects (9.9±4.3 NU/ml), diabetic patients with (9.0±3.2 NU/ml) and without (9.3±3.5 NU/ml) nephropathy. However, kallikrein excretion rate in hypertensive diabetic patients with nephropathy (7.7±3.3 NU/ml) was significantly lower (p〈0.05) than in normotensive diabetic patients with nephropathy (11.8 ±2.0 NU/ml,n=10). Respective basal and post-stimulated (with intravenous furosemide 40 mg plus 60 min ambulation) plasma aldosterone concentrations measured in control subjects and in hypertensive diabetic patients with nephropathy were similar and increased to the same extent in the 2 groups (5.5±3.2 versus 5.3±3.2 and 9.3±2.6 versus 10.5±3.4 ng/ml), although the respective plasma renin activity tended to be lower in diabetic patients than in control subjects (0.7±0.6 versus 1.3±0.9 and 1.8±1.8 versus 3.0±2.6 ng−1 · ml−1 · h−1). The results indicate that urinary kallikrein excretion is decreased in hypertensive diabetic patients with nephropathy, and that the decrease might not be attributable to an altered renin-aldosterone system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02427087
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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