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  • Use dependence  (2)
  • transient outward current  (2)
  • (−)-noradrenaline  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of pacemaker current by the bradycardic agent ZD 7288 is lost use-dependently in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres (1995)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 353 (1995), S. 64-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Sheep cardiac Purkinje fibre ; Voltage-clamp ; Pacemaker current ; Use dependence ; Specific bradycardic agent ; ZD 7288
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inhibition of the pacemaker current (i f) in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres by ZD 7288 [4-(N-ethyl-N-phenylamino)-1,2-dimethyl-6-(methylamino)pyrimidinium chloride] is lost use-dependently. This disinhibition of i f was investigated by using the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. The pulse protocol consisted of a rest period (holding potential of about -50 mV, 1–10 μmol/l ZD 7288) followed by a train of test pulses (potential negative to -100 mV, stimulation frequency 0.05 Hz). At the beginning of the first test pulse there was an immediate reduction of i f but inhibition was lost during continued stimulation. Activation of i f is sigmoidal and the early delay in current activation was prolonged from 33 ms (no ZD 7288) to 424 ms (10 μmol/l ZD 7288). Therefore hardly any disinhibition occurred during short test pulses (0.5 s). During longer test pulses (5 s, -120 mV, 10 μmol/l) disinhibition developed with a time constant of about 2 s. The inhibition of i f by ZD 7288 was lost voltage-dependently. With 10 μmol/l ZD 7288 the half-maximal disinhibition occurred at -92 mV and the slope factor of the disinhibition/voltage curve (Boltzmann relation) was 4.8 mV. The voltage-dependent disinhibition could be abolished largely by extracellular application of protease (0.5 mg/ml, 7 min). After prior disinhibition, reinhibition at the holding potential (about -50 mV) followed a bi-exponential time course indicating that inhibition may be produced by a fast (τ=0.7 min) and a slow component (τ=20–30 min). Increasing ZD 7288 concentration from 1 to 10 μmol/l accelerated reinhibition, mainly by an increase of the amplitude (A) of the fast component. The ratio A fast/A sIow was 0.399 at 1 μmol/l and 2.65 at 10 μmol/1 ZD 7288. The reinhibition of i f was unchanged by shifting the holding potential from -50 mV to -20 mV Trials to wash out the effects of 10 μmol/l ZD 7288 gave two results. The inhibition of i f was slightly reversed after a wash-out of 1.5 h with drug-free solution. A second effect of the drug, the fast reinhibition, could be completely removed by washout. In summary i f is inhibited by ZD 7288 at membrane potentials at which the virtual i f gate is closed. Disinhibition occurs during long-lasting hyperpolarization but will hardly be operative in unclamped fibres under physiological conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00168917
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of pacemaker current by the bradycardic agent ZD 7288 is lost use-dependently in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres (1995)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 353 (1995), S. 64-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Sheep cardiac Purkinje fibre ; Voltage-clamp ; Pacemaker current ; Use dependence ; Specific bradycardic agent ; ZD 7288
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inhibition of the pacemaker current (i f) in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres by ZD 7288 [4-(N-ethyl-N-phenylamino)-1,2-dimethyl-6-(methylamino)pyrimidinium chloride] is lost use-dependently. This disinhibition of i f was investigated by using the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. The pulse protocol consisted of a rest period (holding potential of about –50 mV, 1–10 μmol/l ZD 7288) followed by a train of test pulses (potential negative to –100 mV, stimulation frequency 0.05 Hz). At the beginning of the first test pulse there was an immediate reduction of i f but inhibition was lost during continued stimulation. Activation of i f is sigmoidal and the early delay in current activation was prolonged from 33 ms (no ZD 7288) to 424 ms (10 μmol/l ZD 7288). Therefore hardly any disinhibition occurred during short test pulses (0.5 s). During longer test pulses (5 s, –120 mV, 10 μmol/l) disinhibition developed with a time constant of about 2 s. The inhibition of i f by ZD 7288 was lost voltage-dependently. With 10 μmol/l ZD 7288 the half-maximal disinhibition occurred at –92 mV and the slope factor of the disinhibition/voltage curve (Boltzmann relation) was 4.8 mV. The voltage-dependent disinhibition could be abolished largely by extracellular application of protease (0.5 mg/ml, 7 min). After prior disinhibition, reinhibition at the holding potential (about –50 mV) followed a bi-exponential time course indicating that inhibition may be produced by a fast (τ=0.7 min) and a slow component (τ=20–30 min). Increasing ZD 7288 concentration from 1 to 10 μmol/l accelerated reinhibition, mainly by an increase of the amplitude (A) of the fast component. The ratio A fast/A slow was 0.399 at 1 μmol/l and 2.65 at 10 μmol/l ZD 7288. The reinhibition of i f was unchanged by shifting the holding potential from –50 mV to –20 mV. Trials to wash out the effects of 10 μmol/l ZD 7288 gave two results. The inhibition of i f was slightly reversed after a wash-out of 1.5 h with drug-free solution. A second effect of the drug, the fast reinhibition, could be completely removed by wash-out. In summary i f is inhibited by ZD 7288 at membrane potentials at which the virtual i f gate is closed. Disinhibition occurs during long-lasting hyperpolarization but will hardly be operative in unclamped fibres under physiological conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00168917
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A slowly inactivating transient outward current in rat ventricular myocytes (1993)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 425 (1993), S. 184-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: voltage clamp ; transient outward current ; cardiac myocytes ; tetrodotoxin ; cadmium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In rat ventricular myocytes we found two components of transient outward current, which could be discriminated time- and voltage-dependently. Besides the well known fastly inactivating transient outward current (ito,f, τ=35±8ms, n=4) we investigated properties of a slowly inactivating transient outward current (ito,s, τ=1.7±0.4s, n=4). Because of the slow inactivation process of ito,s tail currents were observed at −25mV. The inactivation curve of ito,f was characterized by a half-inactivation voltage of −58.4±1.4mV and a slope factor of 5.6±0.5mV (n=4). The inactivation curves of ito,s and tail currents were nearly identical but significantly different from the ito,f-curve. Half-inactivation voltages of ito,s and tail currents were −87.5±6mV and −89.1±5mV (n=4), respectively. Slope factors were 10.3±2.9mV and 9.8 ±1.7mV (n=4). The activation gate of ito,s was half-maximally opened at −11.5±2.6mV, and the slope factor was −10.6±1.7mV (n=3). ito,s tail current reversed its direction at −62±3.2mV (n=5). This indicates, that ito,s- current flow is carried mainly by potassium ions. Ito,s- current was not abolished by Tetrodotoxin (TTX) and Cd.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00374522
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of pacemaker activity in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers by stimulation of β-adrenoceptor subtypes (1997)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 92 (1997), S. 25-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers ; action potentials ; automaticity ; β1-β2- ; adrenoceptors-(−) ; isoproterenol ; (−)-noradrenaline ; procaterol ; bisoprolol ; ICI 118,551
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The electrophysiological effects mediated by β1- and β2- in spontaneously active sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers were investigated using the non-selective agonist (−)-isoproterenol (IPN) and the selective agonists (−)-noradrenaline (β1) and procaterol (β2) in the absence and presence of the selective antagonists bisoprolol (β1) and ICI 118,551 (β2). IPN (0.01 μmol/l) increased the spontaneous rate by 54% and the slope of diastolic depolarization by 68% of the respective control values. Further, IPN increased the action potential duration at −20 mV (APD −20 mV) from 96 to 154 ms, reduced the APD −70 mV by 17% and the duration of the diastole by 39% and slightly hyperpolarized the maximum diastolic potential. These effects were partially inhibited by ICI 118,551 (0.03 μmol/l), diminished by bisoprolol (0.1 μmol/l) and almost completely blocked by the combination of both antagonists. Concentration response curves of IPN were influenced by the selective antagonists as follows: ICI 118,551 (0.03 μmol/l) shifted the curves to the right by 0.2–0.4 log units and increased the slope factor. Bisoprolol (0.1 μmol/l) induced a greater shift to the right by 1.1–1.5 log units. Combination of bisoprolol with ICI 118,551 shifted the curves to the right by 1.5–1.7 log units. Noradrenaline (0.3 μmol/l) elicited similar actions as IPN. Bisoprolol (0.1 μmol/l) shifted the concentration response curves of noradrenaline to the right by 1.1–1.9 log units. Actions of procaterol (0.1 μmol/l) were weak, attained only 15–35% of the maximal effects of IPN and could be blocked by ICI 118,551 (0.03 μmol/l). These results show that the increase of pacemaker activity induced by catecholamines in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers is predominantly mediated by stimulation of β1. However, contribution of β2 mediated effects could be demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00803754
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of action potential duration by inhibition of the transient outward current in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers (1995)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 90 (1995), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Sheep Purkinje fiber ; voltage-clamp ; action potential duration ; transient outward current ; 4-aminopyridine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers concentration-dependent inhibition of transient outward current (ito) by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 3-1000 μmol/l) was recorded with the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique, and correlated effects on action potential duration measured at — 70 mV (APD-70) were investigatigated. Half-maximal inhibition of ito-amplitude occurred at 15 μmol/l 4-AP. The drug exhibited no major effect on voltage-dependent control of inactivation but reduced the maximally available ito-current. At different activation frequencies (0.05 Hz, 0.25 Hz, 1 Hz) an equal amount of ito-current, measured as percentage of the respective control, was inhibited by 4-AP. The APD-70 was on the average increased by 4-AP (3–500 μmol/l) in a concentration-dependont manner up to 151 % of control. The drug-induced prolongation, measured as percentage of the respective control, was independent of stimulation frequency (0.05 Hz, 0.25 Hz, 1 Hz). Prolongation of APD-70 was on the average more pronounced for short action potentials (APD-70〈150 ms: 169 % of reference) than for longer ones (APD-70 150–300 ms: prolongation to 117 % of reference; 500 μmol/l 4-AP; 0.25 Hz stimulation rate). Few long control signals (APD-70 〉300 ms) were shortened by 4-AP. These results indicate that inhibition of ito-current by appropriate drugs will result in a reduction of inhomogeneity of action potential duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00805661
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