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  • vascular dementia of the Binswanger type  (4)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebrospinal fluid acetylcholine and choline in vascular dementia of Binswanger and multiple small infarct types as compared with Alzheimer-type dementia (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 103 (1996), S. 1211-1220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; choline ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Alzheimer-type dementia ; vascular dementia of the Binswanger type ; multi-infarct dementia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid were investigated in patients with vascular dementia of the Binswanger type (VDBT) or multiple small infarct type (MSID) as compared with patients with Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD). The ACh concentration in patients with ATD was found to be significantly lower than in controls (73%, p 〈 0.0001), and showed a significant positive correlation with dementia scale scores (rs=0.63, p 〈 0.03). The Ch concentration in the CSF of ATD patients was approximately the same as in controls. In VDBT/MSID patients, the ACh concentration was significantly lower than in controls (p 〈 0.001), also showing a significant positive correlation with dementia scale scores (rs=0.62, p 〈 0.02), but was significantly higher than in ATD patients (p 〈 0.001). Moreover, the Ch concentration in VDBT/MSID patients was significantly higher than in controls (p 〈 0.001) or ATD patients (p 〈 0.001). These results suggest that simultaneous determination of ACh and Ch concentrations in CSF may be useful for differentiating VDBT/MSID from ATD and that increasing the ACh level using cholinergic agents may be a beneficial therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ATD as well as VDBT/MSIT, and is worthy of further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01271206
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentration of monoamines and their metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid from patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type and vascular dementia of the Binswanger type (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 4 (1992), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Dopamine ; norepinephrine ; cerebrospinal fluid ; senile dementia of the Alzheimer type ; vascular dementia of the Binswanger type
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We measured the concentrations of total (conjugated and unconjugated) monoamines (dopamine, DA; norepinephrine, NE) and monoamine metabolites (homovanillic acid, HVA; 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyleneglycol, MHPG; 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 5-HIAA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), using HPLC-ECD in 11 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), 17 patients with vascular dementia of the Binswanger type (VDBT), and 15 controls. In AD/SDAT, there was a significant decrease in the DA concentration and a significant increase in the MHPG concentration. The average NE concentration was not altered, but significantly increased with the progression of intellectual disability. There were no significant changes in HVA and 5-HIAA concentrations. Patients with VDBT showed a significant increase in the DA concentration and a significant decrease in HVA and 5-HIAA concentrations. The DA concentrations increased significantly with the progression of dementia and ventricular enlargement. These results indicate that the noradrenergic and dopaminergic system in particular are altered in AD/SDAT, while the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems are mainly involved in VDBT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02257623
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The urate and xanthine concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with vascular dementia of the Binswanger type, Alzheimer type dementia, and Parkinson's disease (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 6 (1993), S. 119-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Urate ; xanthine ; vascular dementia of the Binswanger type ; Alzheimer type dementia ; Parkinson's disease ; cerebrospinal fluid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We determined the urate and xanthine concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with vascular dementia of the Binswanger type (VDBT), Alzheimer type dementia (ATD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). We found that the urate concentration was significantly increased in VDBT patients, but significantly decreased in ATD patients compared with controls. The ratio of the concentrations of uric acid (UCSF) to xanthine (XCSF) in the CSF (UCSF/XCSF) had a significant correlation with the ratio of the UCSF to the urate concentration in serum (Userum) (UCSF/Userum) in ATD and PD, whereas UCSF/Userum increased independently of UCSF/XCSF in VDBT. We concluded that the significant increase in the urate concentration in VDBT is mainly due to an impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and its significant reduction in ATD may reflect impaired brain metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261005
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indoleamine concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer type and Binswanger type dementias before and after administration of citalopram, a synthetic serotonin uptake inhibitor (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 9 (1995), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Alzheimer type dementia ; vascular dementia of the Binswanger type ; serotonin ; kynurenine ; citalopram ; cerebrospinal fluid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied changes in the concentrations of serotonin (5-HT), kynurenine, and other indoleamines in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer type dementia (ATD) and those with Binswanger type vascular dementia (VDBT), and changes in these indoleamine concentrations 2 weeks after administration of citalopram, a 5-HT uptake inhibitor. The concentrations of total 5-HT (p〈0.005) and kynurenine (p〈0.005) were significantly decreased in ATD patients in comparison to those of the controls. After citalopram administration, there was a remarkable increase in 5-HT concentration (249%, p〈0.0001) and a significant decrease in 5-HIAA concentration (22%, p〈0.02). In the VDBT patients, only 5-HT showed a significant decrease (p〈0.005) in comparison to the control values. It also increased significantly (214%) after citalopram administration. The 5-HT/tryptophan and kynurenine/tryptophan ratios were not correlated for the controls, but did significantly for the ATD and VDBT patients; after citalopram treatment, the increase in 5-HT/tryptophan was correlated significantly with that of kynurenine/tryptophan for ATD, but not for VDBT. These results suggest that both the serotonin and kynurenine pathways are impaired in ATD; whereas, the serotonin pathway alone is in VDBT, and that these impairments are ameliorated by the administration of citalopram.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259654
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The gas chromatographic mass spectrometric determination of trifluoroacetic acid in biological fluid. Application to halothane metabolismAbbreviations: TFAA = trifluoroacetic acid; DMF-DMA = N,N′-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal; NADPH = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. (1976)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1976), S. 41-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The methyl ester of trifluoroacetic acid was prepared by reaction with N,N′-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal and was successfully passed through a gas chromatograph. Trifluoroacetic acid was detected by the use of gas chromatography and low and high resolution gas chromatography mass spectrometry in an acidic extract of an incubation medium containing microsomes, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, oxygen and halothane. However, trifluoroacetic acid could not be detected when nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or oxygen was omitted from the incubation system. From these results, it was proved that halothane is oxidatively metabolized to trifluoroacetic acid by hepatic microsomes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200030108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry for the analysis of non-volatile compounds (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 16 (1988), S. 331-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The combination of a high-performance liquid chromatograph and a magnetic type mass spectrometer with an atmospheric ionization source has been applied for analyses of thermolabile compounds, i.e. antibiotics, amino acids and glycosphingolipids.Chromatography was performed on a 4 mm i.d. x 150 mm column packed with 5 μm ODS at a flow rate of 1 ml min-1. The liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization (LC/API) magnetic-type mass spectrometer provides not only an abundant pseudo-molecular ion but also fragment ions which give a structural information resulting from collision-induced dissociation at the differential pumping region of the liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometer interface. The isomers of kanamycins could be differentiated from each other on the basis of their mass spectra obtained at the relatively higher drift voltage applied. LC/API mass spectra of leucine and isoleucine were very similar, but it was easy to differentiate one from another by checking the existence of the ions at m/z 43 or m/z 57 in their mass spectra. The LC/API mass spectra of glucosylceramides showed [MH]+ ions of good abundance and significant fragment ions useful for chemical characterization at a proper drift voltage setting in a controlled and reproducible manner.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200160164
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