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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Congenital absence of the gall bladder (1999)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 21 (1999), S. 221-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Gall bladder ; Agenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'absence congénitale de la vésicule biliaire est une malformation dont l'incidence est évaluée de 0,013 à 0,075 %. Nous rapportons deux observations d'agénésie de la vésicule biliaire, représentant les premiers cas de l'Afrique du Sud, nous les confronterons au 413 cas de la littérature. Pour confirmer le diagnostic d'agénésie de la vésicule biliaire, il est nécessaire d'exclure les localisations vésiculaires anormales, soit intra-hépatiques, soit rétro-hépatiques, soit dans le foie gauche, soit à l'intérieur de l'omentum ou du ligament falciforme, voire même rétro-péritonéales. Les patients porteurs d'agénésie de la vésicule biliaire sont classés en trois catégories : 1) Sujets porteurs de multiples anomalies foetales (12,9 %) 2) Sujets asymptômatiques (33,6 %) 3) Sujets avec manifestations cliniques (55,6 %). Néanmoins, les modalités diagnostiques habituelles peuvent, dans de rares conditions, se présenter dans le cadre d'une urgence chirurgicale abdominale. L'agénésie de la vésicule biliaire est une malformation bien connue, mais reste une anomalie rare. Avec l'avènement des abords chirurgicaux à minima, la laparotomie peut être évitée à condition que dans les cas suspectés, on réalise une exploration par endoscopie rétrograde des voies biliaires et pancréatiques (ERCP) et un scanner abdominal.
    Notes: Summary Congenital absence of the gall bladder is an extremely rare embryological aberration with a reported incidence ranging between 0.013 and 0.075%. This report, the first from South Africa, discusses 2 cases of gall bladder agenesis, bringing to 413 the number of cases reported in the literature. In confirming the diagnosis of an agenesis of the gall bladder, it is necessary to exclude the abnormal locations which are intrahepatic, retrohepatic, on the left side, or within the lesser omentum or falciform ligament and retroperitoneal. Patients with gall bladder agenesis are classified into 3 categories: i) Multiple foetal anomaly (12.9%), ii) Asymptomatic (31.6%) and iii) Symptomatic (55.6%). Notwithstanding current diagnostic modalities, this rare condition may still present a dilemma to the abdominal surgeon. Agenesis of the gall bladder is a well-recognised but uncommon congenital abnormality. With the advent of minimal access surgery laparotomy may be avoided as the condition, when suspected, may be confirmed by ERCP and CT scan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01630907
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Congenital absence of the gall bladder (1999)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 21 (1999), S. 221-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Gall bladder ; Agenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Congenital absence of the gall bladder is an extremely rare embryological aberration with a reported incidence ranging between 0.013 and 0.075%. This report, the first from South Africa, discusses 2 cases of gall bladder agenesis, bringing to 413 the number of cases reported in the literature. In confirming the diagnosis of an agenesis of the gall bladder, it is necessary to exclude the abnormal locations which are intrahepatic, retrohepatic, on the left side, or within the lesser omentum or falciform ligament and retroperitoneal. Patients with gall bladder agenesis are classified into 3 categories: i) Multiple foetal anomaly (12.9%), ii) Asymptomatic (31.6%) and iii) Symptomatic (55.6%). Notwithstanding current diagnostic modalities, this rare condition may still present a dilemma to the abdominal surgeon. Agenesis of the gall bladder is a well-recognised but uncommon congenital abnormality. With the advent of minimal access surgery laparotomy may be avoided as the condition, when suspected, may be confirmed by ERCP and CT scan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-999-0221-8
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selenium concentration in spring wheat as influenced by basal application and top dressing of selenium-enriched fertilizers (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 45 (1995), S. 163-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Basal dressing ; Se-enriched fertilizers ; Se-uptake ; soil texture ; top-dressing ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A multisite field experiment was conducted to study the effect of topdressed Se-enriched Ca(NO3)2 (CN) and basal applied NPK on the selenium (Se) concentration in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Selenium was applied either through CN (at the rates of 0, 6.45, and 12.91 g Se ha−1) or NPK (5.83 g Se ha−1). Selenium concentration in wheat grains increased consistently with increasing rate of Se-enriched CN or NPK. However, the superiority of Se-enriched CN over NPK in raising the Se concentration in wheat grain depended on location and growth conditions. At the same rate both methods of Se-application were found to be equally effective in raising the Se concentration of wheat grains. The Se concentration of grain was generally higher in the light textured soils than in the medium to heavy textured soils. Without Se application, the Se-concentration in wheat grain was about 16µg kg−1 which is regarded insufficient to meet the Se requirement for Se in animal and human. Calcium nitrate enriched with 25 mg Se kg−1 (6.45 g Se ha−1) increased the Se concentration in wheat grain to a desired level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00790666
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of selenium-enriched calcium nitrate, top-dressed at different growth stages, on the selenium concentration in wheat (1994)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 38 (1994), S. 199-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: calcium nitrate ; growth stages ; sodium selenate-enriched fertilizers ; Se concentration ; silty clay soil ; top-dressing ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Se contained in calcium nitrate, top-dressed at different growth stages, on the Se concentration in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Selenium as sodium selenate was added to Ca (NO3)2 and NPK (21-4-10) during the manufacturing process. A silty clay soil with soil pH of 6.1 was used. Four selenium treatments incorporated in Ca (NO3)2 were top-dressed at both the tillering and heading growth stages at rates of 0, 15, 30, and 45 mg kg−1 of Ca (NO3)2 fertilizer equivalent to about 0, 0.003, 0.007, 0.01 mg Se kg−1 soil, respectively. A fifth treatment of 20 mg Se kg−1 of NPK (21-4-10%) equivalent to 0.007 mg Se kg−1 soil was basal dressed at the time of sowing. Calcium nitrate with or without Se was top-dressed at the rate of 35 mg N kg−1. In addition all pots received a basal dose of N at the rate of 7 0 mg N kg−1 through a NPK(21-4-10) fertilizer. The Se-enriched Ca (NO3)2 increased the uptake and concentration of Se in wheat significantly (ρ〉0.05) with increasing concentration of Se in the fertilizer applied. The Se concentration in wheat grain increased from 〈1.1 to 468µg Se kg−1 in the first year when the concentration in the Se-enriched Ca (NO3)2 was increased from 0 to 45 mg Se kg−1 but the corresponding increase in the second and third year was lower. The Se concentration in the grain was more than twice of that in the straw. The uptake and concentration of Se in wheat, except in the second year, was generally higher when Se was top-dressed at heading as compared to that when it was top-dressed at tillering but the concentration differences between time of application were not statistically significant(ρ〉0.05). Basal application of Se-enriched NPK (0.007 mg Se kg−1 soil) was only half as effective as an equivalent rate of Se in top-dressed Seenriched Ca(NO3)2 in increasing the Se concentration in wheat and the concentration levels among these treatments were significantly (ρ〉0.01) different. It was concluded that topdressing of Se-enriched Ca(NO3)2 at 30 mg Se kg−1 is an effective method of application to increase the Se concentration in wheat grain to a level, 〉 100µg kg−1 dry matter, considered adequate for human consumption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00749692
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Organic Materials on Partitioning, Extractability and Plant Uptake of Metals in an Alum Shale Soil (1998)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 103 (1998), S. 405-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: alum shale ; Cd ; Cu ; extractability ; metal partitioning ; Ni ; Norway ; organic materials ; plant uptake ; wheat ; Zn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Soils developed on sulphide-bearing shale (alum shale) in Norway contain naturally high amount of heavy metals. We conducted a greenhouse pot experiment to study the effect of four rates (0, 2, 4, and 8%) and three sources (cow manure, pig manure and peat soil) of organic matter in partitioning and distribution, extractability and plant uptake of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn in an alum shale soil. Sequential extraction scheme was used to determine the distribution patterns of metals in the soil. DTPA was used for extracting the metals from the soil. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) was used as a test crop to study the plant uptake of metals. The highest amount of Cd was present in the exchangeable fraction, irrespective of the rate and source of organic matter applied. Copper, Ni, and Zn, on the other hand, were present only in small quantities in this fraction. The largest fraction of Cu was associated with organic matter and the amounts present in the oxide, carbonate and exchangeable fractions were very small. Nickel and Zn were found mainly in the residual fraction. Increasing rates of cow and pig manure decreased the amounts of Cd and Ni associated with the exchangeable fraction whereas, the addition of peat soil at the same rate increased the amounts of these metals associated with this fraction. This effect of organic matter was primarily associated with the change in soil pH caused by different organic matter sources. The DTPA-extractable metals were decreased with increasing rates of organic matter application, irrespective of its source. Grain and straw yields of wheat were decreased with increasing rates of organic matter. The application of organic matter increased the Cu and Zn concentrations in both grain and straw. The concentration of all metals was lower in plants grown in the cow manure amended soil as compared to those grown in the soil amended with either pig manure or peat soil. These results sugggest that the source of organic matter was a determining factor for metal distribution in the soil and for metal uptake by plants. In this study cow manure slightly increased the soil pH and thus was more effective than either pig manure or peat soil in reducing the plant uptake of metals but in general the efficiency of the organic material in reducing heavy metal uptake was small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004912724284
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selenium content of wheat as affected by selenate and selenite contained in a Cl- or SO4-based NPK fertilizer (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 30 (1991), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Chloride ; pH ; residual effect ; sandy soil ; selenate ; selenite ; sulphate ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In areas where soils supply inadequate Se to crops to meet animal nutritional needs, it may be necessary to supplement Se in some fashion. This greenhouse experiment was designed to study the effect of selenate and selenite, incorporated with a Cl- or a SO4-based NPK (16-5-12) fertilizer added to a low-Se soil, on the Se concentration in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The sandy soil was limed to pH 5.5 and 6.5 prior to receiving 0, 0.03, or 0.06 mg Se kg−1 of soil with each NPK source each year for two years. The SO4-based NPK fertilizer treatment was used only at the 0.06 mg Se kg−1 rate. In the third year, the residual effect of the Se applied in the first 2 years was studied. The grain yield among treatments differed significantly but the effects of the rate or source were not consistent in all the years. However, significantly higher yields were obtained at pH 6.5 than at pH 5.5. Selenium concentration and uptake in wheat grain increased in proportion to the applied selenate but not selenite. However, selenite increased the Se concentration and uptake over the control. The concentration and uptake of Se were higher from selenate than from selenite. The effect of the Cl- and SO4-based NPK fertilizers was different on selenate and selenite. Selenium accumulation in wheat grain was greater from the Cl-based NPK fertilizer when selenate was used but it was greater from the SO4-based NPK fertilizer when selenite was used. The Se concentration in wheat, especially from selenate, was generally higher at the higher pH level except in the first year where it was higher at the lower pH level. The uptake of Se from the Se-enriched NPK fertilizers was generally as high as from the Se applied separately. The residual effect of both sources of Se applied in the first 2 years was very poor in the third year. The results suggest that the Se concentration in wheat grain can be increased by incorporating the Se salts in the NPK fertilizers but more selenate is recovered than selenite. Selenate should, however, be incorporated in a Cl-based NPK fertilizer to avoid the ionic competition from SO4 ions in the SO4-based NPK fertilizer. The uptake of Se is generally higher at pH 6.5 than at pH 5.5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048821
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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