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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New current probing method for superconducting integrated circuits (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 5078-5080 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new current probing method for measuring the current level in superconducting integrated circuits is proposed. In this method, a SQUID (superconductive quantum interference device) is used to pickup unknown superconductive current and a negative feedback loop is used to automatically compensate the unknown current. We have experimentally obtained a resolution of less than 2 μA and a high accuracy of better than 1%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.335289
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific lattice location of Zn in CdTe determined by ion-channeling methods (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 52 (1988), S. 200-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The specific lattice location of Zn in CdTe single crystals has been investigated by ion-channeling methods combined with particle-induced x-ray emission. Observing the asymmetry effects of channeling dips around the [110] axis and analyzing the asymmetry factors for host atoms and doped Zn atoms, it is revealed that almost all Zn atoms occupy the Cd sublattice sites, and Zn-doped CdTe crystals grown by vertical Bridgman methods appear to be almost completely free from the segregation of doped Zn atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99653
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of second-order hyperpolarizabilities for systems with low-energy double transitions by the three-level model (1987)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 51 (1987), S. 401-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Second-order hyperpolarizabilities have been calculated by the three-level model for systems having low-energy double transitions. In the three-level model, the second excited state, in addition to the first excited and ground states, is explicitly taken into account. The second-order hyperpolarizabilities calculated by the three-level model gave excellent agreement with the observed values determined by the dc induced second harmonic generation technique, for 4-aminostilbene, p-nitroaniline, and 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.98989
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication technology for lead-alloy Josephson devices for high-density integrated circuits (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 1720-1748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fabrication technology for lead-alloy Josephson devices was evaluated from the viewpoint of application to large-scale integrated circuits. Metal and insulating layers used in the circuits were evaluated, and optimization of techniques for deposition or formation of these layers was investigated. Metallization of the Pb-In-Au base electrode and the Pb-Bi counterelectrode was studied in terms of optimizing the deposited films, to improve the reliability of junction electrodes. The formation of the oxide barrier was studied by in situ ellipsometry. SiOx deposited in oxygen was developed as the insulation layer with less defect density than conventional SiO. A liftoff technique using toluene soaking was developed, and patterns with a minimum line width of 2 μm were consistently reproduced. The characteristics of each element in the circuits were evaluated for test vehicles. For the junction, the following items were evaluated: controllability of the critical current Ic, junction quality, Ic uniformity, junction yield, and thermal cycling and storage stability. For the peripheral elements, integrity of lines and contacts, and characteristics of resistors were evaluated. 8-kbit memory cell arrays with a full vertical structure were fabricated to evaluate these technologies in combination. The continuity of each metal layer and insulation between metal layers were evaluated with an autoprober at room temperature. For selected chips, cell characteristics have been measured, and their Ic uniformity and production yields for cells are discussed. Normal operation of the memory cells was confirmed for all of the 24 accessible cells on a chip. Finally, we discuss the feasibility of Josephson large-scale integrated circuits using lead-alloy materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.336437
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perpendicular and longitudinal magnetic properties and crystallographic orientation of Co-Cr film (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 3143-3145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic properties and the c axis orientation of Co-Cr thin films deposited on various substrates with concentrations of 0–20 at. % Cr are investigated. The intermediate layer of C,5 nm thick, between the substrate and Co-Cr layer is found to bring a great improvement in the c-axis orientation toward the normal of the film plane, a situation suitable for perpendicular recording. On the other hand, the thicker the underlayer of Cr, the better the c-axis orientation and a higher coercivity in the film plane is realized; this is suitable for longitudinal recording.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337820
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear spin ordering observed by neutron diffraction (invited) (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 3784-3788 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A review is given of recent neutron scattering experiments which have been carried out at milli-Kelvin temperatures to study the hyperfine-enhanced nuclear-spin ordering in the singlet electronic ground state compounds PrSn3, PrCu2, and HoVO4. Bragg peaks were observed in PrSn3 which are due solely to the nuclear spin polarization of 141Pr caused by the hyperfine field from the antiferromagnetically ordered electronic moment. The temperature dependencies of the nuclear polarization and the additional electronic polarization induced by the nuclear polarization have been measured in detail. A magnetic phase transition in PrCu2 which is believed to correspond to a simultaneous ordering of both the nuclear and electronic spin systems has been observed at 58 mK. The positions of the magnetic diffraction peaks in reciprocal space are represented by G±τ, where G is a vector of the reciprocal lattice and τ=0.24a*±0.68c*, indicating that the magnetic periodicity is incommensurate with the chemical lattice. In HoVO4 magnetic diffraction peaks due to the antiferromagnetic ordering of the nuclear spin system were observed below 4.5 mK. The observed magnetic structure and the dependence of the neutron diffraction intensities on magnetic field are consistent with the predictions of Bleaney on the basis of dipolar energy considerations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.334974
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine-grained Au-Pb-Bi counterelectrodes for lead alloy Josephson junctions (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 2656-2658 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fine-grained Pb-Bi films with smooth surfaces have been investigated for application to the counterelectrodes of lead alloy Josephson junctions. We have observed that reduced grain size and a smooth surface can be achieved by forming a 2-nm-thick Au seeding layer prior to the deposition of a 400-nm-thick Pb-Bi film. Experimental junctions have been made using Pb-Bi counterelectrodes with the ultrathin Au layer; and their I–V charcteristics have been evaluated. The quality of the junctions has been observed to be slightly reduced; however, they have exhibited excellent initial yield compared to junctions with the conventional Pb-Bi counter electrodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.335407
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basal cell epithelioma with giant tumor cells: light and electron microscopic study (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 14 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A case of basal cell epithelioma (BCE) with multiple large nuclei on the right buttock of a 69-year-old woman is reported, and the skin was studied by light and electron microscopy. This represented the only case (0.85%) of giant tumor cells with multiple nuclei among 117 patients with BCE. Ultrastructural studies revealed that giant tumor cells were not different from ordinary tumor cells of BCE, except for large convoluted nuclei. In the cytoplasms of giant tumor cells, we observed autophagic vacuoles which were derived from autophagocytosis. Scattered among the giant tumor cells, there were many degenerate tumor cells, some of which were phagocytized by giant tumor cells with multiple nuclei (referred to as macrophagocytosis). It is indicated that tumor cells have considerable phagocytic activities, and degrade the autophagic vacuoles or the degenerate tumor cells with the lysosomes. These findings suggest that the presence of the giant tumor cells with multiple nuclei does not indicate a increased malignant potential or anaplasia of the tumor, and that autophagocytosis or macrophagocytosis is a factor in initiating giant tumor cell formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0560.1987.tb01341.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Chum Salmon Muscle During Spawning Migration and Extrusion Cooking (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 53 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of spawning migration and extrusion cooking on o-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in chum salmon muscle were studied. Total lipid content in the muscle of the fish during spawning migration was lower than that during feeding migration. However, the content increased to double those in the raw materials by pretreatment of extrusion cooking. Lipids of muscle and outer layer during spawning migration contained higher percentages of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) than those during feeding migration. Moreover, PUFAs were not lost by extrusion cooking and its pretreatment. These results suggest that production of foods containing a rich amount of W-3 PUFAs is possible by extrusion cooking of the muscle of chum salmon during spawning migration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1988.tb07809.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dapsone suppresses human neutrophil superoxide production and elastase release in a calcium-dependent manner (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 152 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Dapsone (4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulphone) is a powerful therapeutic tool in many skin diseases including neutrophilic dermatoses. The drug has an outstanding therapeutic efficacy against many skin diseases characterized by neutrophil-rich infiltrates; however, mechanisms of its action are poorly understood.Objectives  We investigated the effects of dapsone on respiratory and secretory functions of human neutrophils triggered by the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP), the physiological agonist C5a, and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA).Methods  Human neutrophils were isolated from venous blood obtained from healthy donors. We detected extracellular production of superoxide (O2–) by cytochrome C reduction assay, and intracellular production of O2– by flow cytometry. Neutrophil elastase release was measured by the cleavage of the specific elastase substrate N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-p-nitroanilide. Measurement of cytosolic free calcium concentration was performed using the calcium-reactive fluorescence probe, Fluo-3.Results  Dapsone suppressed intra- and extracellular production of O2– and elastase release triggered by fMLP and C5a, but not by PMA. Both fMLP and C5a signalled the above pathways by inducing calcium influx, but PMA functions bypassed calcium influx. Dapsone was capable of antagonizing the induction of calcium influx.Conclusions  These findings suggest that one mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of dapsone is inhibition of calcium-dependent functions of neutrophils including release of tissue-damaging oxidants and proteases in the affected skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06559.x
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