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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromones and attractants in the Eucosmini and Grapholitini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 7 (1996), S. 13-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Schlagwort(e): sex pheromone ; synergist ; antagonist ; mate recognition ; reproductive isolation ; chemotaxonomoy ; phylogeny ; evolution ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The geometric isomers (E,E)-, (E,Z)-, (Z,E)-, and (Z,Z)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate were identified as sex pheromone components or sex attractants in the tribes Eucosmini and Grapholitini of the tortricid subfamily Olethreutinae. Species belonging to the more ancestral Tortricinae were not attracted. Each one isomer was behaviourally active in males ofCydia andGrapholita (Grapholitini), either as main pheromone compound, attraction synergist or attraction inhibitor. Their reciprocal attractive/antagonistic activity in a number of species enables specific communication with these four compounds.Pammene, as well as otherGrapholita andCydia responded to the monoenic 8- or 10-dodecen-1-yl acetates. Of the tribes Olethreutini and Eucosmini,Hedya, Epiblema, Eucosma, andNotocelia trimaculana were also attracted to 8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetates, but several otherNotocelia to 10,12-tetradecadien-1-yl acetates. The female sex pheromones ofC. fagiglandana, C. pyrivora, C. splendana, Epiblema foenella andNotocelia roborana were identified. (E,E)- and (E,Z)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate are producedvia a commonE9 desaturation pathway inC. splendana. CallingC. nigricana andC. fagiglandana females are attracted to wingfanning males.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01240633
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone of the cone pyralid Dioryctria abietella (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 20-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Dioryctria abietella ; Cone pyralid ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Sex pheromone, (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate ; Single sensillum recordings ; Electroantennography ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'analyse en chromatographie gazeuse associée à une détection électroantennographique a montré que l'acétate (Z,E)-9,11-tétradécadiényle (Z,E)-9,11–14:Ac est l'un des composants de la phéromone de Dioryctria abietella Schiff (Lepid.: Pyralidae). Couplage chromatographie en phase gazeuse spectrometrie de masse a montré la présence d'acétate tétradécadiényle avec un spectre de masse et un indice de rétention identiques au Z,E-9,11–14:Ac Un récepteur cellulaire sensible à la fois au Z,E-9,11–14:Ac et à un extrait de la femelle a été identifié sous l'antenne du mâle. Les analyses des antennogrammes et de la cellule isolée ont étayé la caractérisation du composant de la phéromone comme étant Z,E-9,11–14:Ac. Un récepteur cellulaire additionnel sensible à l'acétate (Z.)-9-tétradécadiényle et à l'acétate (Z.E.)-9,12-tétradécadiényle a été trouvé sur l'antenne du mâle, mais il n'était pas activé par l'extrait de la femelle. Sur le terrain Z,E-9,11–14:Ac, présenté seul, attirait des nombres importants de mâles de D. abietella. L'addition de l'acétate (Z)-9-tétradécényle a inhibé l'attraction des mâles par les pièges.
    Notizen: Summary Gas chromatographic analyses coupled with electro-antennographic detection indicated that (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z,E-9, 11–14:Ac) is a pheromone component of the cone pyralid Dioryctria abietella. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses confirmed the presence of a tetradecadienyl acetate with mass spectrum and retention index identical to Z,E-9,11–14:Ac. A receptor cell sensitive to both Z,E-9,11–14:Ac and the female extract was identified on the male antenna. An additional receptor cell sensitive to (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate was found on the male antenna but was not activated by the female extract. In the field Z,E-9,11–14:Ac presented alone attracted significant numbers of male D. abietella. Addition of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate inhibited the attraction of males to traps.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300895
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Colonization pattern in the pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda: Effects of host declination, structure and presence of conspecifics (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 54 (1990), S. 163-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Insect-plant relation ; kairomone ; host odour ; bark beetle ; Pinus sylvestris ; bark roughness ; pacing ; Tomicus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'observation de 100 individus de Pinus sylvestris a montré que les arbres inclinés de plus de 50° par le vent sont colonisés de préférence par T. piniperda L., Scolytidae. Des expériences avec des branches de différents diamètres, plus ou moins espacées et inclinées de 0°, 45° et 90°, ont permis d'examiner les influences de l'olfaction, de la vision et du tact. Les attaques ont montré une préférence marquée pour les diamètres les plus grands et pour la structure la plus rugueuse. Contrairement aux observations dans la nature, l'inclinaison n'a pas augmenté les attaques. L'analyse sur l'écorce de la distance entre les points d'attaque montre une tendance à une distribution régulière plutôt qu'au hasard, tenant compte de la régularité structurale de l'écorce. Les résultats contradictoires entre les expériences et les observations peuvent s'expliquer par l'abondante émission d'odeurs par les arbres endommagés par le vent, paramètre non contrôlé dans les observations. Les stimuli dus à la rugosité et à l'odeur de l'arbre devraient opérer à différentes étapes de la découverte et de la colonisation de l'hôte.
    Notizen: Abstract A survey of 100 Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris) showed that those windthrown with a declination 〉 50° from vertical were preferentially colonized by the larger pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). A factorial experiment was done with logs of 0°, 45° and 90° declination, and different diameters and spacing to test hypotheses, involving olfactory, visual and tactile mechanisms. In the experiment, the attack rates depended strongly on log diameter with a preference being shown for larger diameter logs having a rough bark structure. In contrast to the field survey, experimental declination did not increase attack densities. The spacing between neighbouring attack sites in the bark was regular rather than random, which could be due both to spacing between conspecifics and regularities in bark structure. The contrary data from survey and experiment is explained by release of odours from wind damaged trees, and host odour and bark roughness stimuli are suggested to operate in different steps in the behavioural sequence of host location and colonization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343525
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mating Behavior and Reproductive Potential in the Turnip Moth Agrotis segetum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 11 (1998), S. 343-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): Agrotis segetum ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; turnip moth ; reproduction ; sex ratio ; reproductive capacity ; sexual selection ; mate discrimination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We investigated the lifetime mating potential and the reproductive behavior of male and female turnip moths Agrotis segetum (Schiff.) under field and laboratory conditions. The sex ratio was 1 : 1 in a lab-reared population as well as in two wild populations. Males were capable of mating repetitively a relatively large number of times (mean of 6.7 ± 2.7 matings) when given access to new virgin females throughout their lifetimes. Females seldom mated more than once (mean ± 1.3 ± 0.6 matings), indicating a male-biased operational sex ratio. The mean potential lifetime mating was five times higher in males, while the coefficient of variance was lower in males. There was no differences in longevity between animals that were allowed to mate and animals not allowed to mate, indicating no direct costs or benefits of mating in physiological terms. In males, the number of matings was positively correlated with longevity, but this was not the case in females. Nor was there a correlation between the number of female matings and the number of fertilized eggs. There was a negative correlation between the number of eggs fertilized and the number of times males had previously mated, indicating that male ejaculates were limited. Male spermatophore size also decreased with number of achieved matings. Laboratory-reared females attracted males in the field throughout their lifetimes, with a peak at 3–7 days of age. Wild males, allowed to choose between pairs of caged females in the field, were attracted in equal numbers to females of different ages. Females did not show any mate-rejection behavior in the field. They mated with the first male that courted them. No incidence of mate replacement by males arriving later to already courted females were recorded.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020998513316
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of sex pheromone components of the pea midge, Contarinia pisi (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (1999)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 86 (1999), S. 292-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Notizen: Abstract  Three components in extract of pheromone glands of female pea midges, Contarinia pisi, were found to be active on male pea midge antennae by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection. The EAD active components were identified as 2-acetoxytridecane, (2S,11S)-diacetoxytridecane, and (2S,12S)-diacetoxytridecane. A blend of these compounds proved to be highly attractive to males in windtunnel experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001140050618
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Behavioral observations of codling moth, Cydia pomonella, in orchards permeated with synthetic pheromone (1999)
    Springer
    BioControl 44 (1999), S. 211-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Schlagwort(e): antagonist ; codlemone ; field electroantennogram recording ; inhibitor ; mating disruption ; pome fruit orchard ; sex pheromone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Mating disruption of codling moth, Cydia pomonella, was studied in apple orchards treated with the main pheromone compound codlemone, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienol, and a blend of codlemone and codlemone acetate, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienyl acetate, a strong pheromone antagonist. Codlemone alone and the pheromone/antagonist-blend had a similar effect on the behavior of males emerging into air-permeated orchards. Male flights within tree canopy and upwind orientation along tree rows were strongly enhanced by both formulations, compared to untreated plots. However, the codlemone/codlemone acetate-blend increased the rate of cross-wind and downwind flights within the orchard, compared to codlemone alone. The major difference between these two formulations was that males from nearby, untreated orchards were attracted towards orchards treated with codlemone, but not towards treatments with codlemone/codlemone acetate. Additional tests were done with an equilibrium blend of codlemone and its geometric isomers. Aerial pheromone concentrations in the orchards were recorded by the field electroantennogram technique. Decreasing pheromone concentrations towards the upper part of the tree canopy, together with the stimulation of male flight activity by synthetic pheromone explains failures to control codling moth at high population densities with current dispenser formulations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009976600272
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Response of walking spruce bark beetles Ips typographus to pheromone produced in different attack phases (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 41 (1986), S. 219-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Ips typographus ; Y-tube olfactometer ; bioassay ; pheromone ; attack phase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Un olfactomètre à tube en Y, dont la description est donnée, a été utilisé pour examiner les réactions d'I. typographus L. par la marche à la présence de phéromones de congénères creusant des galeries dans des bûches d'Epicéa (Picea abies L.). Les insectes dans les bûches ont été répartis en 7 classes séquentielles, depuis l'élaboration de la chambre nuptiale par le mâle (phases 1–3), l'accouplement (4), et la ponte jusqu'à ce que les galeries de ponte aient 5 cm (5–7). Les mâles dans les phases précoces (1–2) étaient attractifs pour les 2 sexes dès 0,5 à 2,5 h après leur introduction, et ils le restaient pendant plus de 2 semaines. Les femelles qui se déplacent par la marche ont préféré nettement les bûches avec des mâles vierges à des bûches non habitées. De même elles ont préféré des bûches avec des mâles unis aux femelles à des bûches sans Ips. Ayant à choisir entre des bûches infestées par des mâles vierges ou expérimentés, les femelles ont préféré nettement les mâles vierges. Les mâle ont présenté une plus faible attraction aussi bien pour les bûches avec mâles vierges qu'avec mâles expérimentés, ils n'ont pas manifesté de préférence entre les 2. Les résultats sont interprétés comme des réponses adaptatives des 2 sexes aux variations dans la libération de phéromones par les insectes pendant les phases successives d'attaque et de colonisation de l'hôte.
    Notizen: Abstract A Y-tube olfactometer is described which was used to assay the response of walking Ips typographus (L.) towards the pheromone from beetles excavating galleries in logs of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Beetles in the logs were categorized into seven sequential attack phases. Males in the early attack phases were attractive as early as 0.5 to 2.5 h after their introduction. These logs remained attractive for more than 2 weeks. Walking females strongly preferred logs with unmated males over uninfested logs and over logs containing males and females. They also preferred logs with males and females over uninfested logs. Responding males showed a weaker attraction than females to logs with unmated males. The results are interpreted as adaptive responses of the sexes to variation of pheromone release from beetles in the host during subsequent phases of attack and colonization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221251
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Attraction to pheromone sources of different quantity, quality, and spacing: Density-regulation mechanisms in bark beetleIps typographus (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1503-1523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol ; cis-verbenol ; ipsdienol ; ipsenol ; sex ratio ; attraction ; inhibition ; Ips duplicatus ; Thanasimus ; switching ; Ips typographus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Ceeridae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The density of bark-beetle colonization of a tree could be regulated by a quantitative effect of the pheromone signal from beetles in the tree (cessation of release of attractive pheromone) or by a qualitative effect (production of pheromone components inhibiting attraction). The quantitative hypothesis was tested onIps typographus by varying the release rate of the two known attractive compounds, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MB) and (4S)-cis-verbenol (cV). The highest number of beetles were captured at traps with the highest release rates. The catch was nearly proportional to the release of MB and cV at a distance between traps of 12 m or more. At 6-, 3-, and 1.5-m distances between traps deployed in a triangular arrangement there was still a good discrimination between release rates, but relatively more beetles, especially males, were caught on the blank. The lower release rates caught an equal sex ratio while the highest release rate caught only about 30% males. The qualitative hypothesis was tested by releasing the suspected inhibitors ipsdienol (Id) and ipsenol (Ie), from traps in the same amounts as cV. Only small effects were noted forI. typographus. However, the competitorI. duplicatus was attracted to Id and inhibited by Ie, while the predatorThanasimus formicarius was attracted to both compounds. On the other hand, when the ratio of Id or Ie to cV was 10∶1 or 0.1∶1 rather than 1∶1, they affected the numbers ofI. typographus attracted. A small amount of Id combined with the attractants increased trap catch, while large amounts of Id or Ie decreased attraction, especially when combined. Attack density regulation is modeled as an effect of both quantitative and qualitative mechanisms acting in sequence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012294
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Individual variation in aggregation pheromone content of the bark beetle,Ips typographus (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1737-1761 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Ips typographus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; bark beetle ; individual variation ; 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol ; cis-verbenol ; trans-verbenol ; ips-dienol ; ipsenol ; α-pinene ; biosynthesis ; principal component analysis ; aggregation pheromone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The total amounts of, and proportions among, components of the aggregation pheromone produced byIps typographus were found to vary considerably among individuals excised from attacks on standing spruce trees. Chemical analyses of 392 individual male beetles were made by GC-MS. Both unmated and mated males had log-normal frequency distributions in their content of the pheromone components 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MB) andcis-verbenol (cV), since a large fraction of males had a low content. The amount of MB in male hindguts varied independently of cV and the other oxygenated monoterpenes, while the amount of cV covaried with the other pinene alcohols and showed a variation between beetles from different spruce trees. Mated males had, on average, lower amounts of MB than unmated, while the average content of cV in mated males varied with the resin content of their host trees. Ipsdienol and ipsenol were only found in mated males, but in less than 40% and 10%, respectively, of these mated males. Even-aged males exposed to α-pinene in the laboratory showed slightly less variation in the amounts of verbenols, and the variations in ratio between cV and tV were similar to those among males attacking the same spruce tree.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014641
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Repeatability of pheromone emissions from individual female ermine mothsYponomeuta padellus andYponomeuta rorellus (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1431-1441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae ; ermine moth ; sex pheromone ; airborne volatiles ; repeatability ; reproductive isolation ; pheromone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The repeatability of the composition of pheromone emitted by individual female moths (Yponomeuta) was determined by gas Chromatographic analysis. An improved technique for repeated collections of airborne volatiles from the same moth was developed. The procedure did not harm the females and allowed precise quantification of 0.05 ng of pheromone components in 30-min collections. Individual females ofY. padellus (N=10) andY. rorellus (N=5) were sampled six and eight days after emergence.Y. padellus released, on average, 4.8 ng/30 min of tetradecyl acetate, (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, hexadecyl acetate, (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate, and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate in the average ratio 445∶38∶100∶494∶35∶421. The amount of (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate relative to (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate was less variable [coefficient of variation (CV)=15%] than the relative amounts of the other components (CV=46–61%). The repeatability of the relative amounts of compounds released by individual females was high for all components (r=0.82-0.90). The average emission of tetradecyl acetate, tetradecanol, hexadecyl acetate, and hexadecanol byY. rorellus was 8.3 ng/30 min (ratio 100∶8∶10∶2). The repeatability was low for tetradecanol (r=0.51) but higher for hexadecyl acetate (r=0.87) and hexadecanol (r=0.89). The low interindividual variance for the (E)-11-/(Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ratio inY. padellus might be due to its importance for reproductive isolation, i.e., it is under strong selection pressure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012289
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